Bikol languages

Bikol
Geographic distribution	Bicol Region
Linguistic classification	Austronesian Malayo-Polynesian Philippine Greater Central Philippine Central Philippine Bikol
Proto-language	Proto-Bikol
Subdivisions	Coastal Bikol Inland Bikol Pandan Bikol
ISO 639-2 / 5	bik
ISO 639-3	bik
Glottolog	biko1240
Geographic extent of Bikol languages according to Ethnologue   Bikol proper   Bisayan languages in the Bikol region

The Bikol languages or Bicolano languages are a group of

Ethnologue groups the languages of Bikol as follows:

• Coastal Bikol (Northern)
  • Isarog Agta language
  • Mount Iraya Agta language
  • Central Bikol language (ISO 639-3
    bcl)
    • Canaman
      dialect (standard)
    • Naga City dialect
    • Partido dialect
    • Tabaco–Legazpi–Sorsogon (TLS) dialect
    • Daet dialect
  • Southern Catanduanes Bikol language
• Inland Bikol (Southern)
  • Mount Iriga Agta language
  • Albay Bikol languages
    • Buhinon language
    • Libon language
    • West Miraya language
    • East Miraya language
  • Rinconada Bikol language
    • Highland/Sinabukid dialect
      • Agta variant
      • Iriga variant (standard)
    • Lakeside/Sinaranəw dialect
      • Baao variant
      • Bato variant
      • Bula–Pili variant
      • Nabua–Balatan variant
• Northern Catanduanes Bikol (Pandan Bikol)

McFarland (1974)

Curtis McFarland gives the following classification for the Bikol languages.^[1]

Lobel (2000)

Clockwise from top-left: A signage barring people from hanging around the area; A signage barring vendors inside the churchyard; A signage reminding people of proper waste disposal; and a signage barring swimmers in Lake Bato. All are written in the Coastal Bikol language (Naga–Legazpi variant).

While McFarland (1974) splits Bikol into 11 dialects, Lobel (2000) splits Bikol into 12 different dialects (including Partido Bikol, which McFarland does not differentiate) and 4 main branches.^[2]

• Northern Coastal Bikol

1. Burias Island
   , first and second districts of Albay, southwestern coast of Catanduanes, and northeastern Sorsogon.
   1. Daet area variant
   2. Naga City area variant
   3. Tabaco–Legazpi–Sorsogon area variant
   4. Southwestern and northern town of
      Caramoran
      , Catanduanes.
2. Sagñay, and San Jose
   . This dialect has a mellow intonation and is heavily influenced by Rinconada Bikol.
3. Southern Catanduanes – spoken in the southern half of Catanduanes.
   1. Virac area variant
   2. Bato area variant
   3. Baras area variant
   4. San Miguel variant (transitional to North Catanduanes)

• Southern Coastal and
  Inland Bikol

1. Nabua
   , Camarines Sur. Also in some parts of Ocampo, Buhi and Pili in Camarines Sur and in parts of Polangui, Albay.
   1. Lakeside Rinconada dialect (lacks /ə/ vowel)
   2. Highland Rinconada dialect (with /ə/ vowel)
2. Buhinon – spoken in Buhi, Camarines Sur. Contains features from both the Bikol of Polangui, Albay and the Iriga variant of Rinconada Bikol.
3. Libon – spoken in Libon, Albay.
4. West Miraya – spoken in
   Pio Duran
   , Albay.
5. East Miraya – spoken in
   Donsol & Pilar
   , Sorsogon.
   1. Central (
      Guinobatan
      )
   2. Far East (
      Daraga
      )
   3. Southeast (
      Donsol, Pilar
      )

• Northern Catanduanes

1. Pandan Bikol – spoken by about 80,000 people or the northern half of Catanduanes.
   1. Bagamanoc
      area variant
   2. Caramoran
      area variant (transitional to South Catanduanes)
   3. Gigmoto
      area variant (transitional to South Catanduanes)
   4. Pandan area variant
   5. Panganiban area variant
   6. Viga area variant

• Bisakol

1. Northern Sorsogon – spoken in Sorsogon City, Castilla, Casiguran and Juban.
   1. Castilla area variant (mixed with Bikol-Legazpi)
   2. Casiguran–Juban area variant
2. Irosin, and Bulan
   .
3. Aroroy on the island of Masbate, all of Ticao Island, and Claveria
   on the southern half of Burias Island.
   1. Standard Masbateño
   2. Ticao Island variant

Some dialects of Southern Bikol have the

Proto-Austronesian *ə. However, Proto-Austronesian *ə is realized as /o/ in Libon. Two Bikol dialects have unique additional consonants, namely Southern Catanduanes, which has an interdental lateral consonant /l̟/ (also transcribed as l̪͆),^[3][4] and Buhi-non, which has the voiced velar fricative /ɣ/.^[5]

See also

• Vocabulario de la lengua Bicol

References

1. ^ McFarland (1974)
2. ^ Lobel, Tria & Carpio (2000)
3. hdl:10125/1772
   .
4. ^ "Interdental Lateral". Xiller Yañez's Weblog. March 17, 2012. Archived from the original on May 3, 2018. Retrieved October 30, 2015.
5. ISBN 978-0-08-087775-4
   .

Sources

• Lobel, Jason William; Tria, Wilmer Joseph S.; Carpio, Jose Maria Z. (2000). An satuyang tataramon / A Study of the Bikol Language. Naga City, Philippines: Lobel & Tria Partnership, Co.: Holy Rosary Minor Seminary.
• McFarland, Curtis D. (1974). The Dialects of the Bikol Area (PDF) (Ph.D. thesis). Yale University. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2020-10-31.

External links

Wikivoyage has a phrasebook for Bikol.

• Translate Bikol, an online English–Bikol and Bisakol languages translator.
• A Bikol language database is available through the Kaipuleohone archive.