Bird-and-flower painting
Bird-and-flower painting | ||
---|---|---|
Hanyu Pinyin huāniǎo-huà | |
Transcriptions | |
---|---|
Revised Romanization | hwajohwa |
McCune–Reischauer | hwajohwa |
Transcriptions | |
---|---|
Romanization | kachō-ga |
Bird-and-flower painting, called Huaniaohua (
Intended purpose and cultural significance
According to Chinese tradition, the huaniaohua covers "flowers, birds, fish, and insects" (simplified Chinese: 花鸟鱼虫; traditional Chinese: 花鳥魚蟲; pinyin: huāniǎoyúchóng); thus, it can deal with a wide range of natural topics, including flowers, fish, insects, birds, pets (dogs, cats), etc.
The huaniaohua paintings are inspired by the resilience and the beauty of the flowers and birds found in nature.[4] The intended purpose of the huaniaohua was not simply imitate nature, but to use different painting styles to convey the personality and ideas of the artist.[2] In Chinese culture, different types of birds and flowers held their own symbolic meanings;[2] with some of them even holdings auspicious meanings, scholarly and human virtues, as well as principles.[4]
Scholars-artists, in particular, developed a freehand-style painting as a mean to express their emotions and considered Chinese calligraphy and poetry as being an integral component of their huaniaohua painting by giving their ares with a deeper spiritual meaning.[2]
Schools and great artists
The huaniaohua is proper of 10th century China; and the most representative artists of this period are Huang Quan (哳㥳) (c. 900 – 965), who was an imperial painter for many years, and Xu Xi (徐熙) (937–975), who came from a prominent family but had never entered into officialdom.[5]: 17 Both Huang Quan and Xu Xi were masters of their two schools.
The first school, led by Huang Quan, was characterized by an "outline" method of brush work, with emphasis on bright colours filling a meticulously outline (gongbi).[6] Huang Quan used to paint based on exotic flowers, herbs, rare birds and animals which were found in the imperial gardens and palaces; his paintings were characterized by their meticulous nature as well as the bright colours.[5]: 17 Huang Quan's painting style was thus acclaimed as Huangjiafugui (lit. 'The Huang school's characteristic magnificience').[5]: 17
The second school was led by Xu Xi whose paintings style became known as Xu Xi yeyi (lit. 'Xu Xi's unconventional', 'original charm').[5]: 17 His school was typically characterized with the use techniques associated with ink wash painting (Chinese: 水墨画).[6]
These two schools would have important influences on huaniaohua paintings of the later centuries.[5]: 17
Varieties based on painting technique
According to painting technique:
- Zhang Daqian (張大千)
- Fine-brush (工筆花鳥/工筆花鳥畫)
- Freehand style (寫意花鳥/寫意花鳥畫)
- Great Freehand style (大寫意)
- Slight Freehand style (小寫意). Representatives: Ren Yi (任頤)
- Fine-brush with Freehand style (兼工帶寫)
In Japan
Bird-and-flower painting was introduced to
See also
Gallery
References
- ^ "Early Autumn (29.1)". Detroit Institute of Arts. Archived from the original on 2008-10-02. Retrieved 2008-12-18.
- ^ a b c d e "Nature's Song: Chinese Bird and Flower Paintings". Museum Wales. Retrieved 2022-08-04.
- ^ "Flower-and-Bird Paintings". en.chinaculture.org. Retrieved 2022-08-04.
- ^ a b c "Contemplating Nature: Chinese and Korean Bird-and-Flower Paintings". eaa.fas.harvard.edu. Retrieved 2022-08-04.
- ^ )
- ^ a b Marco, Meccarelli. 2015. "Chinese Painters in Nagasaki: Style and Artistic Contaminatio during the Tokugawa Period (1603–1868)" Ming Qing Studies 2015, Pages 175–236.
- ^ "hanga gallery . . . torii gallery: Bird and Flower Prints". www.hanga.com. Archived from the original on 2017-02-04. Retrieved 2017-04-11.
- ^ "Keinen kacho gafu 景年花鳥画譜 (Album of Bird-and-Flower Pictures by Keinen)". British Museum.
External links
Media related to Bird-and-flower paintings at Wikimedia Commons
- Chinese Flower Painting at China Online Museum
- Chinese Bird Painting at China Online Museum