Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Lyon

Coordinates: 45°45′39″N 4°49′37″E / 45.76083°N 4.82694°E / 45.76083; 4.82694
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Archdiocese of Lyon

Archidiœcesis Lugdunensis

Archidiocèse de Lyon
Coordinates
45°45′39″N 4°49′37″E / 45.76083°N 4.82694°E / 45.76083; 4.82694
Statistics
Area5,087 km2 (1,964 sq mi)
Population
- Total
- Catholics		(as of 2016)
1,936,940
1,240,272 (64%)
Information
DenominationCatholic
Sui iuris churchLatin Church
RiteRoman Rite
Established150
CathedralPrimatial Cathedral of St. John the Baptist in Lyon
Patron saintSt. Irenaeus of Lyon
Saint Pothinus
Current leadership
PopeFrancis
Metropolitan ArchbishopOlivier de Germay
Auxiliary BishopsPatrick Le Gal
Loïc Lagadec
Thierry Brac de La Perrière
Bishops emeritusPhilippe Barbarin
Map
Website
lyon.catholique.fr

The Archdiocese of Lyon (

primates of Gaul.[2] He is usually elevated to the rank of cardinal. Bishop Olivier de Germay
was appointed archbishop on 22 October 2020.

History

Persecution

The "Deacon of Vienne", who was martyred at

Saint Clement dates from the 12th century and is without foundation. The letter addressed to the Christians of Asia and Phrygia in the name of the faithful of Vienne and Lyon, and relating the persecution of 177, is considered by Ernest Renan as one of the most extraordinary documents possessed by any literature; it is the baptismal certificate of Christianity in France. The successor of Saint Pothinus was the illustrious Saint Irenaeus (177-202).[1]

The discovery on the Hill of Saint Sebastian of ruins of a

Bishop of Arles. But when Diocletian's new provincial organization (tetrarchy) had taken away from Lyon its position as metropolis of the three Gauls, the prestige of Lyon diminished for a time.[1]

Merovingian period

At the end of the empire and during the

grand almoner and minister of Queen Bathilde; Saint Lambertus (c. 680-690), also abbot of Fontenelle.[1]

At the end of the 5th century Lyon was the capital of the Kingdom of Burgundy, but after 534 it passed under the domination of the kings of France. Ravaged by the Saracens in 725, the city was restored through the liberality of Charlemagne who established a rich library in the monastery of Ile Barbe. In the time of Saint Patiens and the priest Constans (d. 488) the school of Lyon was famous; Sidonius Apollinaris was educated there. The letter of Leidrade to Charlemagne (807) shows the care taken by the emperor for the restoration of learning in Lyon. With the aid of the deacon Florus he made the school so prosperous that in the 10th century Englishmen went there to study.[1]

Carolingian period

Under Charlemagne and his immediate successors, the Bishops of Lyon, whose ascendancy was attested by the number of councils over which they were called to preside, played an important theological part.

Abbey of St. Medard, Soissons, composed a long treatise against that heresy.[1]

Agobard

Amalarius of Metz, whom the deacon Florus charged with heretical opinions regarding the "triforme corpus Christi", and who took part in the controversies with Gottschalk on the subject of predestination.[1]

Amolon (841-852) and Saint Remy (852-75) continued the struggle against the heresy of Valence, which condemned this heresy, and also was engaged in strife with

second Kingdom of Burgundy.[1] In 1032 Rudolph III of Burgundy died and his kingdom eventually went to Conrad II.[3] The portion of Lyon situated on the left bank of the Saône became, at least nominally, an imperial city. Finally Archbishop Burchard II, brother of Rudolph,[4][1] claimed rights of sovereignty over Lyon as inherited from his mother, Matilda, daughter of Louis IV of France; in this way the government of Lyon, instead of being exercised by the distant emperor, became a matter of dispute between the counts who claimed the inheritance and the successive archbishops.[1]

Lyon attracted the attention of

Cardinal Hildebrand, who held a council there in 1055 against the simoniacal bishops. In 1076, as Gregory VII, he deposed Archbishop Humbert (1063–76) for simony.[1]

Manasses of Reims, Fulk of Anjou, and the monks of Marmoutiers.[1]

It was under the episcopate of Saint Gebuin that Gregory VII (20 April 1079) established the primacy of the Church of Lyon over the Provinces of Rouen, Tours, and Sens, which primacy was specially confirmed by

Archbishop of Rouen.[1]

Ainay Abbey, and dedicated one of its altars in honour of the Immaculate Conception. The Feast of the Immaculate Conception was solemnized at Lyon about 1128, perhaps at the instance of Saint Anselm of Canterbury, and Saint Bernard wrote to the canons of Lyon to complain that they should not have instituted a feast without consulting the pope.[1]

Sovereignty

As soon as

Waldenses, the Poor Men of Lyon, who were opposed by John of Canterbury (1181–1193), and by an important change in the political situation of the archbishops.[1]

In 1157 Emperor

Count of Forez, ceded to the canons of the primatial church of St. John his title of count of Lyon and his temporal authority.[1]

Then came the growth of the Commune, more belated in Lyon than in many other cities, but in 1193 the archbishop had to make some concession to the citizens. The 13th century was a period of conflict. Three times, in 1207, 1269, and 1290, grave troubles broke out between the partisans of the archbishop who dwelt in the château of Pierre Seize, those of the count-canons who lived in a separate quarter near the cathedral, and partisans of the townsfolk.

Gregory X attempted without success to restore peace by two Acts, 2 April 1273 and 11 November 1274. The kings of France were always inclined to side with the commune; after the siege of Lyon by Louis X (1310), the treaty of 10 April 1312 definitively attached Lyon to the Kingdom of France, but until the beginning of the 15th century the Church of Lyon was allowed to coin its own money.[1]

If the 13th century had imperiled the political sovereignty of the archbishops, it had on the other hand made Lyon a kind of second Rome. Gregory X was a former canon of Lyon, while the future

councils of Lyon. Local tradition relates that it was on seeing the red hat of the canons of Lyon that the courtiers of Innocent IV conceived the idea of obtaining from the Council of Lyon its decree that the cardinals should henceforth wear red hats. The sojourn of Innocent IV at Lyon was marked by numerous works of public utility, to which the pope gave vigorous encouragement. He granted indulgences to the faithful who should assist in the construction of the bridge over the Rhône, replacing that destroyed about 1190 by the passage of the troops of Richard Cœur de Lion on their way to the Crusade. The building of the churches of St. John and St. Justus was pushed forward with activity; he sent delegates even to England to solicit alms for this purpose and he consecrated the high altar in both churches.[1]

At Lyon were crowned

Baron des Adrets they committed numerous acts of violence in the region of Montbrison. It was at Lyon that Henry IV of France, the converted Calvinist king, married Marie de' Medici (9 December 1600).[1]

Later Middle Ages

Gerson, whose old age was spent at Lyon in the abbey of St. Paul, where he instructed poor children, died there in 1429.

Saint Francis de Sales died at Lyon on 28 December 1622. The Curé Colombet de St. Amour was celebrated at St. Etienne in the 17th century for the generosity with which he founded the Hôtel-Dieu (the charity hospital) and free schools, and also fed the workmen during the famine of 1693.[1]

M. Guigue has catalogued the eleven "hermitages" (eight of them for men and three for women) which were distinctive of the ascetical life of Christian Lyon in the Middle Ages; these were cells in which persons shut themselves up for life after four years of trial. The system of hermitages along the lines described by Grimalaius and Olbredus in the 9th century flourished especially from the 11th to the 13th century, and disappeared completely in the 16th. These hermitages were the private property of a neighbouring church or monastery, which installed therein for life a male or female recluse. The general almshouse of Lyon, or charity hospital, was founded in 1532 after the great famine of 1531, under the supervision of eight administrators chosen from among the more important citizens.[1]

The institution of the jubilee of Saint Nizier dates beyond a doubt to the stay of

Corpus Christi, that is, whenever the feast of Corpus Christi falls on 24 June. It is certain that in 1451 the coincidence of these two feasts was celebrated with special splendour by the population of Lyon, then emerging from the troubles of the Hundred Years' War, but there is no document to prove that the jubilee indulgence existed at that date. However, Lyonnese tradition places the first great jubilee in 1451; subsequent jubilees took place in 1546, 1666, 1734 and 1886.[1]

"Among the Churches of France", wrote Saint Bernard to the canons of Lyon, "that of Lyon has hitherto had ascendancy over all the others, as much for the dignity of its see as for its praiseworthy institutions. It is especially in the Divine Office that this judicious Church has never readily acquiesced in unexpected and sudden novelties, and has never submitted to be tarnished by innovations which are becoming only to youth."[1]

Montazet controversy

In the 18th century Archbishop

Cardinal Bonald to suppress the innovations of Montazet provoked resistance on the part of the canons, who feared an attempt against the traditional Lyonnese ceremonies. This culminated in 1861 in a protest on the part of the clergy and the laity, as much with regard to the civil power as to the Vatican. Finally, on 4 February 1864, at a reception of the parish priests of Lyon, Pius IX declared his displeasure at this agitation and assured them that nothing should be changed in the ancient Lyonnese ceremonies; by a Brief of 17 March 1864, he ordered the progressive introduction of the Roman breviary and missal in the diocese. The primatial church of Lyon adopted them for public services on 8 December 1869. One of the rites of the ancient Gallican liturgy, retained by the Church of Lyon, is the blessing of the people by the bishop at the moment of Communion.[1]

1800s

The

Belley and Mâcon, were suppressed on November 29, 1801 with all of Belley's and some of Mâcon's territory added to the Archdiocese. The Diocese of Belley was restored on October 6, 1822, while the Archdiocese's name changed to Lyon-Vienne,[5]
with the title of Embrun passing to the Archbishop of Aix (from whence, 2008, to the Bishop of Gap).

1900s

A new diocese of Saint-Étienne was erected on December 26, 1970, from the Archdiocese's territory. The Archdiocese's name returned to Lyon on December 15, 2006[5] (with the title of Vienne passing to its suffragan Grenoble).

Saints

The Diocese of Lyon honours as saints:

Tillemont, was a daughter of Saint Eucherius; Saint Rambert, soldier and martyr in the 7th century, patron of the town of the same name; Blessed Jean Pierre Néel, b. in 1832 at Ste. Catherine sur Riviere, martyred at Kay-Tcheou in 1862.[1]

Suffragan

Prelates

Bishops of Lyon

incomplete

Archbishops of Lyon

incomplete

Primates of Gauls and Archbishop of Lyon

Primates of Gauls and Archbishop of Lyon-Vienne

  • (Cardinal) Joseph Fesch (29 July 1802 – 13 May 1839) Archbishop of Lyon-Vienne-Embrun (until 1822)
  • (Cardinal)
    Joachim-Jean d'Isoard
    (13 June 1839 – 7 October 1839)
  • (Cardinal)
    Louis-Jacques-Maurice de Bonald
    (4 December 1839 – 25 February 1870)
  • Jacques-Marie Ginoulhiac
    (2 March 1870 – 17 November 1875), known for his "Histoire du dogme catholique pendant let trois premiers siècles".
  • (Cardinal) Louis-Marie Caverot (20 April 1876 – 23 January 1887)
  • (Cardinal) Joseph-Alfred Foulon (23 March 1887 – 23 January 1893)
  • (Cardinal)
    Pierre-Hector Coullie
    (14 June 1893 – 11 September 1912)
  • (Cardinal) Hector Sévin (2 December 1912 – 4 May 1916)
  • (Cardinal) Louis-Joseph Maurin (1 December 1916 – 16 November 1936)
  • (Cardinal) Pierre-Marie Gerlier (30 July 1937 – 17 January 1965)
  • (Cardinal) Jean-Marie Villot (17 January 1965 – 7 April 1967)
  • (Cardinal) Alexandre Renard (28 May 1967 – 29 October 1981)
  • (Cardinal) Albert Decourtray (29 October 1981 – 16 September 1994)
  • (Cardinal) Jean Marie Balland (27 May 1995 – 1 March 1998)
  • (Cardinal) Louis-Marie Billé (10 July 1998 – 12 March 2002)
  • (Cardinal) Philippe Barbarin (16 July 2002 – 6 March 2020)[10]
  • Olivier de Germay (20 December 2020 – present)

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad Goyau, Pierre-Louis-Théophile-Georges (1910). "Lyons" . In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 9. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
  2. ^ Boudinhon, Auguste (1911). "Primate" . In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 12. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
  3. ^ Previté-Orton 1912, pp. 33–36.
  4. ^ Previté-Orton 1912, p. 10.
  5. ^ a b c "Archdiocese of Lyon". Catholic-Hierarchy.org. David M. Cheney. Retrieved March 13, 2012.
  6. ^ "Archdiocese of Sens". Catholic-Hierarchy.org. David M. Cheney. Retrieved March 13, 2012.
  7. ^ Previté-Orton 1912, pp. 10–11.
  8. ^ Previté-Orton 1912, p. 37.
  9. ^ HALINARD, Erzbischof von Lyon
  10. ^ Winfield, Nicole (6 March 2020). "Pope lets French cardinal embroiled in abuse cover-up resign". Crux. Retrieved 23 October 2020.

Bibliography

Reference works

Studies

External links

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