Black-tailed gull

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Black-tailed gull

Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)[1]
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Charadriiformes
Family: Laridae
Genus: Larus
Species:
L. crassirostris
Binomial name
Larus crassirostris
Vieillot, 1818

The black-tailed gull (Larus crassirostris) is a gull native to shorelines of East Asia.

Description

The black-tailed gull is medium-sized (46 cm) (19 Inches), with a wingspan of 126–128 cm (49.6 - 50.3 Inches). It has yellow legs and a red and black spot at the end of the bill. Males and females have identical plumage and features, although males are larger in size than females.[2] This gull takes four years to reach full adult plumage.[3] As the name suggests, it has a black tail. The bird has a cat-like call, giving it its Japanese name — umineko (海猫, "sea cat"), and Korean name — gwaeng-yi gull, which means "cat" gull. In Hachinohe they are one of the 100 Soundscapes of Japan.[4]

Distribution and habitat

The species is resident to coastlines of the East China Sea, Japan, Manchuria and the Kuril Islands. It is a vagrant to Alaska and North America[5][6] and has been found in the Philippines.[7]

In Japan

The bird is common in Japan, nesting from Hokkaido to Western Kyushu. It has caused flights to be delayed at Haneda Airport in Tokyo.[8]

The gulls at Kabushima

An enormous gathering of black-tailed gulls can be found at

Natural Monument by the government of Japan. The gulls are very tame and are a popular local tourist attraction.[9]

Around 5,000 birds also nest at

Izumo Shrine,[10] and there is a large colony at Teuri Island in Hokkaido.[11]

In Korea

The species is common on the shoreline of Korea and on various islands. There are over 20,000 black-tailed gulls on Liancourt Rocks, and numbers are increasing due to the absence of predators. In 2008, the bird was officially chosen as one of the mascots of Liancourt Rocks.[12] Nando and Hongdo islands, both Korean natural monuments as of 1982, are also known breeding grounds.[13][14]

In North America

A rare visitor to the United States, a black-tailed gull was spotted from Burlington, Vermont, in October 2005.[15] The species has been spotted in Illinois several times.[16]

Ecology

The black-tailed gull feeds mainly on small

crustaceans scraps and carrion. A study analyzing the identifiable parts of gull excreta in Korea found that 19.1% consisted of the remains of fish, 3.3% of crustaceans, and 3.3% of land insects.[17]

The species often follows ships and commercial fishing fleets. It also steals food from other seabirds. It is a colonial nester, with colonies forming in mid-April. 2–3 eggs are laid by early June. Incubation lasts approximately 24 days.[18]

Black-tailed gulls use a variety of voice signals and are known to use more than 10 different sounds for communication. Young can recognize their parents from their voice and visual stimulation between 10 and 15 days after hatching, and can also distinguish between siblings and non-siblings. Alarm calls are alert signals that warn of predators or danger. Aggressive calls accompany attacks on predators. Contact calls are signals used for intra-specific communication. The most commonly heard cat-like sound ("mew call") is a part of the contact call, and is frequently used, such as when returning to the nest after taking food, alternating the role of the mating and nesting, taking care of the young, collective flight, etc. The sound of a young gull begging for food and the sound of a female during mating are also included in the contact call.[19]

Images

  • Black-tailed Gull, immature plumage
    Black-tailed Gull, immature plumage
  • Black-tailed Gull in Tokyo Bay
    Black-tailed Gull in Tokyo Bay
  • Black-tailed Gull in Hachinohe, Aomori
    Black-tailed Gull in
    Hachinohe, Aomori
  • Black-tailed Gulls at entrance to Kabushima Shrine
    Black-tailed Gulls at entrance to Kabushima Shrine

References

  1. . Retrieved 11 November 2021.
  2. .
  3. ^ Doherty, Paul. "Black-tailed Gull: a photo essay". Surfbirds.com.
  4. ^ "残したい日本の音風景100選" (PDF). Ministry of the Environment.
  5. ^ Black-tailed Gull Audubon Field Guide Retrieved April 5, 2016
  6. ^ "Black-tailed Gull". Birdweb.org.
  7. ^ "Black-tailed Gull Larus crassirostris Factsheet". BirdLife International.
  8. ^ Shooing away pesky birds never-ending job at Haneda November 22, 2003 The Japan Times Retrieved April 5, 2016
  9. ^ Otaka, Tomoko (22 July 2012). "Power spots and prehistory in beautiful Aomori Prefecture". The Japan Times.
  10. ^ Bamforth, Chris (28 April 2006). "Here be the land of the gods". The Japan Times.
  11. ^ Brazil, Mark (5 July 2000). "Migrants and vagrants under Teuri's crags". The Japan Times.
  12. ^ "Characters of Dokdo". K-Dokdo.
  13. ^ "Natural Monument 334". Korean Cultural Heritage Administration. Retrieved 2018-06-10.
  14. ^ "Natural Monument 335". Korean Cultural Heritage Administration. Retrieved 2018-06-10.
  15. ^ "Black-tailed Gull, Larus crassirostris, Charlotte Town Beach, Charlotte, Chittenden Co., VT, 23 October 2005".
  16. ^ Swick, Nate (12 January 2016). "Rare – Black-tailed Gull – Illinois January 11, 2016". American Birding Association blog.
  17. ^ 해양수산부 공식 블로그 : 네이버 블로그. blog.naver.com (in Korean). Retrieved 2018-06-10.
  18. ^ Boles, Walter (2009). Josep del Hoyo; Andrew Elliott; David A. Christie (eds.). Handbook of Birds of the World, Volume 3. Barcelona, Spain: Lynx Edicions.
  19. .

External links