Blanche Bruce

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Blanche Bruce
Glenni Scofield
Succeeded byWilliam Rosecrans
United States Senator
from Mississippi
In office
March 4, 1875 – March 4, 1881
Preceded byHenry R. Pease
Succeeded byJames Z. George
Personal details
Born
Blanche Kelso Bruce

(1841-03-01)March 1, 1841
Farmville, Virginia, U.S.
DiedMarch 17, 1898(1898-03-17) (aged 57)
Washington, D.C., U.S.
Resting placeWoodlawn Cemetery
Political partyRepublican
SpouseJosephine Willson
ChildrenRoscoe
EducationOberlin College
Signature

Blanche Kelso Bruce (March 1, 1841 – March 17, 1898) was an American politician who represented

Hiram R. Revels, also of Mississippi, was the first African American to serve in the U.S. Senate but did not complete a full term).[1]

His home, the Blanche K. Bruce House, is a National Historic Landmark.

Early life and education

Bruce's house at 909 M Street NW in Washington, D.C. was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1975

Bruce was born into

apprenticeship so he could learn a trade. In an 1886 newspaper interview, however, Bruce says that he gained his freedom by moving to Kansas as soon as hostilities broke out in the Civil War.[2][3]

Career

Bruce attended Oberlin College for two years in Oberlin, Ohio. He next worked as a steamboat porter on the Mississippi River. In 1864, he moved to Hannibal, Missouri, where he established a school for black children.

In 1868, during

Reconstruction, Bruce relocated to Bolivar near Cleveland in northwestern Mississippi, at which he purchased a Mississippi Delta plantation.[4] He became a wealthy landowner of several thousand acres in the Mississippi Delta. He was appointed to the positions of Tallahatchie County registrar of voters and tax assessor before he won an election for sheriff in Bolivar County.[5] He later was elected to other county positions, including tax collector and supervisor of education, while he also edited a local newspaper. He became sergeant-at-arms for the Mississippi State Senate in 1870.[4]

In February 1874, Bruce was elected to the U.S. Senate, the

second African American to serve in the upper house of Congress. On February 14, 1879, Bruce presided over the U.S. Senate, becoming the first African American (and the only former slave) to have done so.[2] In 1880, James Z. George, a Confederate Army veteran and member of the Democratic Party, was elected to succeed Bruce. After his Senate term expired, Bruce remained in Washington, D.C., secured a succession of Republican patronage jobs and stumped for Republican candidates across the country. He acquired a large townhouse and summer home, and presided over black high society.[6]

At the

James A. Garfield, who narrowly won election over the Democrat Winfield Scott Hancock.[7]

In early 1889, politically-connected blacks lobbied for Bruce to receive a Cabinet appointment in the Harrison Administration. Said one newspaper: "Bruce is a man of respectable ability, and has, perhaps, more than any other man of his race who has sat in Congress, the respect of those with whom he served.[8]

Bruce served by appointment as the

District of Columbia recorder of deeds from 1890 to 1893. A Philadelphia newspaper reported his appointment in 1890,[9] but persistent claims that his salary was $30,000 a year are not substantiated by any primary records. He also served on the District of Columbia Board of Trustees of Public Schools from 1892 to 1895.[10] He was a participant in the March 5, 1897 meeting to celebrate the memory of Frederick Douglass and the American Negro Academy led by Alexander Crummell.[11] He was appointed as Register of the Treasury a second time in 1897 by President William McKinley and served until his death from diabetes complications in 1898.[12]

Personal life

On June 24, 1878, Bruce married

Cleveland, Ohio, amid great publicity; the couple traveled to Europe for a four-month honeymoon.[13] Their only child, Roscoe Conkling Bruce, was born in 1879. He was named for U.S. Senator Roscoe Conkling of New York
, Bruce's mentor in the Senate.

One newspaper wrote that Bruce did not approve of the designation "colored men." He often said, "I am a Negro and proud of it."[4]

Honors and legacy

Blanche Kelso Bruce (2001)

In July 1898, the

District of Columbia public school trustees ordered that a then-new public school building on Marshall Street in Park View be named the Bruce School in his honor.[14]

In 1975, the Washington, D.C. residence of Bruce, was declared a National Historic Landmark and formally named The Blanche K. Bruce House.[15]

In October of 1999, the U.S. Senate commissioned a portrait of Bruce. African-American Washington D.C. artist Simmie Knox was selected in 2000 to paint the portrait, which was unveiled in the Capitol in 2001.

In 2002, scholar Molefi Kete Asante listed Blanche Bruce on his list of 100 Greatest African Americans.[16]

A historical highway marker marking Bruce's birthplace at the intersection of highway 360 and 623 near Green Bay, Prince Edward County, Virginia, was unveiled by the African American Heritage Preservation Foundation on March 1, 2006.[17]

In June 2006, a historical book about Bruce was authored by Lawrence Otis Graham, titled The True Story of America's First Black Dynasty: The Senator and the Socialite.[18]

See also

References

  1. ^ Wilson, J. G.; Fiske, J., eds. (1900). "Bruce, Blanche Kelso" . Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography. New York: D. Appleton.
  2. ^
    The Politico
    .
  3. ^ "Reminiscences of the Kansas Life of Ex-Senator B. K. Bruce".
  4. ^ a b c Wright, John Aaron (2002). Discovering African American St. Louis: A Guide to Historic Sites. St. Louis, Missouri: Missouri History Museum.
  5. ^ Rev. William J. Simmons, Men of Mark: Eminent, Progressive, and Rising, 1887. pp. 699–703. Geo. M. Rewell& Co., 1887
  6. ^ Eric Foner (July 2, 2006). "Rise and Fall of the House of Bruce". The Washington Post. Washington, D.C.
  7. ISBN 0786419431. Senator Bruce was also the first African-American to preside over the Senate and the first African-American whose signature appeared on all the nation's paper currency (as Register of the Treasury
    starting on May 18, 1881)
  8. ^ "Color in the Cabinet". Big Sandy News (Louisa, KY). January 3, 1889. Retrieved December 2, 2023.
  9. Newspapers.com
    .
  10. ^ The Executive Documents of the House of Representatives for the third session of the fifty-third Congress 1894–1895. Government Printing Office. 1895. p. 819. Retrieved September 16, 2016.
  11. ^ Seraile, William. Bruce Grit: The Black Nationalist Writings of John Edward Bruce. Univ. of Tennessee Press, 2003. pp. 110–111.
  12. ^ "Blanche K. Bruce". Biography. Archived from the original on October 13, 2018. Retrieved October 12, 2018.
  13. .
  14. ^ Annual Report of the Commissioners of the District of Columbia for the year ended June 30, 1899. Government Printing Office. 1899. p. 36.
  15. ^ "Blanche K. Bruce House - Blanche K. Bruce, the only formerly enslaved man to serve in the Senate and the first Black man to serve a full term, lived in this house while a Senator". DC Historic Sites. Retrieved August 27, 2023.
  16. .
  17. ^ African American Heritage Preservation Foundation, Inc. (February 13, 2006). "Dedication Ceremony honoring ex-slave Blanche Kelso Bruce, 1st Black senator to serve a full term". History News Network.
  18. ^ "The Senator and the Socialite - Lawrence Otis Graham - Paperback". HarperCollins Canada. Retrieved August 27, 2023.

Bibliography

External links

U.S. Senate
Preceded by
Lucius Lamar
Succeeded by
New office Chair of the Senate Mississippi River Levees Committee
1877–1879
Succeeded by
???
Honorary titles
Preceded by
Stephen Wallace Dorsey
Baby of the Senate
1879–1881
Succeeded by
Arthur Pue Gorman
Political offices
Preceded by
Glenni Scofield
Register of the Treasury
1881–1885
Succeeded by
Preceded by Register of the Treasury
1897–1898
Succeeded by