Blood lipids

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Blood lipids (or blood fats) are

In any case, also the fatty acids secreted from cells are anew taken up by other cells in the body, until entering fatty acid metabolism^{[clarification needed]}.

Cholesterol

The fate of cholesterol in the blood is highly determined by its constitution of

The 1987 report of

The average amount of blood cholesterol varies with age, typically rising gradually until one is about 60 years old. There appear to be seasonal variations in cholesterol levels in humans, more, on average, in winter.[3] These seasonal variations seem to be inversely linked to vitamin C intake.^[4][5]

Intestine intake

In

Cholesterol is minimally soluble in water; it cannot dissolve and travel in the water-based bloodstream. Instead, it is transported in the bloodstream by lipoproteins that are water-soluble and carry cholesterol and triglycerides internally. The apolipoproteins forming the surface of the given lipoprotein particle determine from what cells cholesterol will be removed and to where it will be supplied.

The largest lipoproteins, which primarily transport fats from the

Standard chemistry panels typically include total triglyceride, LDL and HDL levels in the blood. Measuring the concentration of sd-LDL is expensive. However, since it is produced from VLDL, it can be inferred indirectly by estimating VLDL levels in the blood. That estimate is typically obtained by measuring triglyceride levels after at least eight hours of fasting, when chylomicrons have been totally removed from the blood by the liver. In the absence of chylomicrons, triglyceride levels have a much larger correlation with risk of cardiovascular diseases than total LDL levels.

Intestine excretion

After being transported to the liver by HDL, cholesterol is delivered to the intestines via bile production. However, 92-97% is reabsorbed in the intestines and recycled via enterohepatic circulation.

Cell uptake

Cholesterol circulates in the blood in

Cell secretion

In response to low blood cholesterol, different cells of the body, mainly in the

Hyperlipidemia is the presence of elevated or abnormal levels of lipids and/or lipoproteins in the blood.

Lipid and lipoprotein abnormalities are extremely common in the general population, and are regarded as a highly modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease. In addition, some forms may predispose to acute pancreatitis. One of the most clinically relevant lipid substances is cholesterol, especially on atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. The presence of high levels of cholesterol in the blood is called hypercholesterolemia.^[6]

Hypertriglyceridemia

Hypercholesterolemia

Hypercholesterolemia is the presence of high levels of cholesterol in the blood.^[6] It is not a disease but a metabolic derangement that can be secondary to many diseases and can contribute to many forms of disease, most notably cardiovascular disease. Familial hypercholesterolemia is a rare genetic disorder that can occur in families, where sufferers cannot properly metabolise cholesterol.

Hypocholesterolemia

Abnormally low levels of cholesterol are called hypocholesterolemia.

See also

• Lipid hypothesis

References