Blue Jay Way
"Blue Jay Way" | |
---|---|
Song by the Beatles | |
from the EP and album Magical Mystery Tour | |
Released |
|
Recorded | 6–7 September and 6 October 1967 |
Studio | EMI, London |
Genre | |
Length | 3:54 |
YouTube |
"Blue Jay Way" is a song by the English rock band the Beatles. Written by George Harrison, it was released in 1967 on the group's Magical Mystery Tour EP and album. The song was named after a street in the Hollywood Hills of Los Angeles where Harrison stayed in August 1967, shortly before visiting the Haight-Ashbury district of San Francisco. The lyrics document Harrison's wait for music publicist Derek Taylor to find his way to Blue Jay Way through the fog-ridden hills, while Harrison struggled to stay awake after the flight from London to Los Angeles.
As with several of Harrison's compositions from this period, "Blue Jay Way" incorporates aspects of
While some reviewers have dismissed the song as monotonous, several others have admired its yearning quality and dark musical mood. The website
Background and inspiration
I told [Derek Taylor] on the phone that the house was in Blue Jay Way … There was a fog and it got later and later. To keep myself awake, just as a joke to fill in time, I wrote a song about waiting for him in Blue Jay Way. There was a little Hammond organ in the corner of this rented house … I messed around on this and the song came.[11]
– George Harrison to Hunter Davies, 1968
The title of the song came from a street named Blue Jay Way, one of the "bird streets" high in the Hollywood Hills West area overlooking the Sunset Strip,[12] where Harrison had rented a house for his stay.[13] Jet-lagged after the flight from London, he began writing the composition on a Hammond organ[14][15] as he and Boyd waited for Taylor and the latter's wife, Joan, to join them.[16] The home's location, on a hillside of narrow, winding roads, together with the foggy conditions that night, created the backdrop for the song's opening lines: "There's a fog upon LA / And my friends have lost their way."[17] Harrison had almost completed the song by the time the Taylors arrived,[18] around two hours later than planned.[19]
The week with Taylor proved to be important for the direction of the Beatles.[20] At the height of the Summer of Love and the popularity of the band's Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band album,[21] Harrison, Taylor and their small entourage visited the international "hippie capital" of Haight-Ashbury, in San Francisco,[22] on 7 August.[23] Harrison had expected to encounter an enlightened community engaged in artistic pursuits[24][25] and working to create a viable alternative lifestyle;[26][27] instead, he was disappointed that Haight-Ashbury appeared to be populated by drug addicts, dropouts and "hypocrites".[28][29] Following his return to England two days later,[23] Harrison completed work on "Blue Jay Way" at his home in Esher,[14] and he shared his disillusionment about Haight-Ashbury with John Lennon.[27] The Beatles then publicly denounced the popular hallucinogen LSD (or "acid") and other drugs[6] in favour of Transcendental Meditation under Maharishi Mahesh Yogi, whose seminar in Bangor in Wales the band attended in late August.[30][31] While noting Harrison's role in "inspir[ing] the West's mainstream acquaintance with Hindu religion" through his leadership in this aspect of the Beatles' career, author Ian MacDonald describes "Blue Jay Way" as a "farewell to psychedelia", just as "It's All Too Much", which the Beatles recorded in May 1967,[32] became Harrison's "farewell to acid".[33]
Composition
Music
"Blue Jay Way" was one of several songs that Harrison composed on a keyboard over 1966–68 – a period when, aside from in his work with the Beatles, he had abandoned his first instrument, the guitar, to master the sitar,[34][35] partly under Shankar's tutelage.[36][37] The song is in 4/4 time throughout; its structure consists of an intro, three combinations of verse and chorus, followed by repeated choruses.[38] While MacDonald gives the musical key as "C major (minor, diminished)",[39] musicologist Alan Pollack views it as a mix of C major and C modal, and comments on the "highly unusual" incorporation of the notes D♯ and F♯.[38] The inclusion of the latter note suggests the Lydian mode,[40] which, according to musicologist Walter Everett, had only been heard previously in popular music in the Left Banke's 1966 single "Pretty Ballerina".[41]
The song's melody oscillates over the chords of C major and C
The length of the verses falls short of an even eight
Lyrics
The lyrics to "Blue Jay Way" relate entirely to Harrison's situation on that first night in Los Angeles.[51] He refers to fighting off sleep and recalls his advice to Taylor to ask a policeman for directions to Blue Jay Way.[52] Author Jonathan Gould views the song as "darkly funny", with the singer's concern over his friends' tardiness almost resembling "a metaphysical crisis".[51] In the choruses, Harrison repeatedly urges "Please don't be long / Please don't you be very long",[53] a refrain that Inglis identifies as central to the composition's "extraordinary sense of yearning and melancholy".[20]
Taylor later expressed amusement at how some commentators interpreted "don't be long" as meaning "don't belong" – a message to Western youth to opt out of society – and at how the line "And my friends have lost their way" supposedly conveyed the idea that "a whole generation had lost direction".[18] With regard to whether Harrison was telling contemporary listeners not to "belong", Inglis writes, this "alternative reading" of the song aligned with Timothy Leary's catchphrase for the 1960s American psychedelic experience, "Turn on, tune in, drop out".[54][nb 3] In Gould's opinion, the continual repetition of the line at the end of "Blue Jay Way" transforms the words into "a plea for nonattachment – 'don't belong'".[51] Rather than attaching any countercultural significance to this, however, Gould views it as the Beatles repeating the wordplay first used in the chorus of Lennon's 1963 song "It Won't Be Long".[56]
Production
Recording
The Beatles began recording "Blue Jay Way" on 6 September 1967 at EMI Studios (now Abbey Road Studios) in London.[57][58] The song was Harrison's contribution to the television film Magical Mystery Tour,[59][60] the first project undertaken by the band following the death of their manager, Brian Epstein.[61][62][nb 4] Author Nicholas Schaffner describes "Blue Jay Way" as the first Harrison-written Beatles recording on which he "adapt[ed] some of his Indian-derived ideas to a more Western setting" through the choice of musical instruments.[64] In the song's arrangement, Hammond organ re-creates the drone of a tambura,[64] while a cello acts as an Indian sarod.[65]
The group achieved a satisfactory rhythm track in a single take.
Studio effects
"Blue Jay Way" features extensive use of three studio techniques employed by the Beatles over 1966–67:[15][52] flanging, an audio delay effect;[70] sound-signal rotation via a Leslie speaker;[60] and (in the stereo mix only) reversed tapes.[45] Beatles historian Mark Lewisohn compares "Blue Jay Way" with two Lennon tracks from this period, "Strawberry Fields Forever" and "I Am the Walrus", in that the recording "seized upon all the studio trickery and technical advancements of 1966 and 1967 and captured them in one song".[58][nb 6] Together with the pedal drone supplied by the keyboard parts, the various sound treatments reinforce the sense of dislocation evident in the song.[42]
In the case of the reversed-tape technique, a recording of the completed track was played backwards and faded in at key points during the performance.[71] This effect created a response to Harrison's lead vocal over the verses, as the backing vocals appear to answer each line he sings.[45] Due to the limits of multitracking, the process of feeding in reversed sounds was carried out live during the final mixing session.[71] Described by Lewisohn as "quite problematical",[69] the process was not repeated when the Beatles and their production team worked on the mono mix.[71]
Appearance in Magical Mystery Tour film
Given the portentous reading of Taylor and his entourage "losing their way", it was easy to assume that Harrison wasn't being literal, but sermonizing on the idea of being spiritually lost ... Magical Mystery Tour seems to support that view by framing Harrison, as he sings the song, in a meditation pose refracted through a psychedelic prism.[72]
– Author Kevin Courrier, 2009
The song's segment in Magical Mystery Tour was shot mainly at
The filming took place in an aircraft hangar, with the scene designed to re-create a typically
At other times during the sequence, the four Beatles alternate in the role of a solo cellist.
Release and reception
"Blue Jay Way" was issued in Britain as the final song on the Magical Mystery Tour double EP on 8 December 1967.[86][87] In America, where Capitol Records combined the six EP tracks with five songs issued on the band's singles throughout the year, creating a full album,[88][89] the release took place on 27 November.[90] Reck comments that despite the Beatles' association with the Maharishi and Eastern culture, only two of the six new songs – "Blue Jay Way" and "I Am the Walrus" – directly reflected this interest.[91]
Reviewing the EP for the NME, Nick Logan considered it to be "Sergeant Pepper and beyond, heading for marvellous places", during which "we cruise down 'Blue Jay Way' with [Harrison] almost chanting the chorus line. A church organ starts this one off and leads us into a whirlpool of sound ..."[92][93] Bob Dawbarn of Melody Maker lauded the record as "six tracks which no other pop group in the world could begin to approach for originality combined with the popular touch".[94] He said "Blue Jay Way" had the "requisite Eastern overtones" and was a "sinister little tune", which made it the hardest track to appreciate immediately.[95]
Among reviews of the US release, Mike Jahn of Saturday Review admired the album as a "description of the Beatles' acquired Hindu philosophy and its subsequent application to everyday life",[96] while Hit Parader praised the band for further "widening the gap between them and 80 scillion other groups". The reviewer added, with reference to the concurrently issued Their Satanic Majesties Request by the Rolling Stones: "The master magicians practice their alchemy on Harrison's 'Blue Jay Way', recorded perhaps in an Egyptian tomb, and 'I Am The Walrus', a piece of terror lurking in foggy midnight moors. These two songs accomplish what the Stones attempted."[97]
Retrospective assessments
A critic of the Beatles' output immediately post-Sgt. Pepper,[101] Ian MacDonald found "Blue Jay Way" "as unfocused and monotonous as most of the group's output of this period", adding that the song "numbingly fails to transcend the weary boredom that inspired it".[42] Writing for Rolling Stone in 2002, Greg Kot considered it to be "one of [Harrison's] least-memorable Beatles tracks … a song essentially about boredom – and it sounds like it".[102] Similarly unimpressed with Magical Mystery Tour, Tim Riley describes "Blue Jay Way" as a song that "goes nowhere tiresomely", with a vocal that "sounds as tired and droning" as the musical accompaniment.[103] In Walter Everett's view, the track's combination of unusual musical scales, reversed tape sounds and imaginative engineering makes it "the most mysterious Beatles sound between 'Strawberry Fields Forever' and 'Glass Onion'", but the lyrics are "dull" by comparison.[45]
Ian Inglis writes that the emotion Harrison conveys on the track "belies its apparently trivial lyrics" and that, together with the instrumentation and backing vocals, his pleas "create an unusually atmospheric and strangely moving song".[20] Writing for Rough Guides, Chris Ingham deems the song to be "essential Beatlemusic"; he views it as Harrison's "most haunting and convincing musical contribution of the period", after "Within You Without You", as well as "possibly the most unnerving of all Beatles tracks".[104] In a 2002 review for Mojo, Charles Shaar Murray described the song as "eerie, serpentine" and "a fine and worthy companion for Pepper's Within You Without You".[94] Writing in Uncut that same year, Carol Clerk called it "a weirdly atmospheric triumph".[105]
What could have been a simple, maudlin ditty was transformed by The Beatles' studio process into an exotic, almost mystical journey. Harrison's vocal was treated until it sounded as if it was coming from beyond the grave ... Backwards tapes, droning organs, and a cello combined to heighten the Eastern atmosphere – without a single Indian instrument being employed.[106]
– Peter Doggett, 2001
In his book Indian Music and the West, Gerry Farrell refers to the song when discussing its author's contribution to popularising Indian classical music,[107] writing: "It is a mark of Harrison's sincere involvement with Indian music that, nearly thirty years on, the Beatles' 'Indian' songs remain among the most imaginative and successful examples of this type of fusion – for example, 'Blue Jay Way' and 'The Inner Light.'"[108] Simon Leng writes of the song: "Harrison was working at a sophisticated level of extrapolating Indian scales to the Western setting, something no one else had done … 'Blue Jay Way' explores the structures of Indian music just as 'Within You Without You' debates its philosophical roots."[43] Former Record Collector editor Peter Doggett, writing in Barry Miles' The Beatles Diary, similarly admires the recording, saying that the Beatles rendered the song "an exotic, almost mystical journey" that evokes a mysterious Eastern mood "without a single Indian instrument being employed".[106] Music critic Jim DeRogatis ranks "Blue Jay Way" at number 7 in his list of the Beatles' best psychedelic rock songs.[2]
In a 2009 review for
In 2001, the song was ranked 39th on Uncut's list of "The 50 Greatest Beatles Tracks".[
Cover versions and cultural references
"Blue Jay Way" was a rare Beatles song released before their 1968
Colin Newman, singer and guitarist with the post-punk band Wire,[130] included a cover of "Blue Jay Way" on his 1982 solo album Not To.[131] In March 2015, the song was his selection for the NME's "100 Greatest Beatles Songs" poll. Newman cited the track as an example of how the Beatles were "properly serious about their art" and why they now "need to be rescued from the clammy clutches of the heritage industry".[132]
Harrison's experience when writing "Blue Jay Way" is referenced in the
In a 2011 interview, music producer and radio host
Due to the attention created by the Beatles' song, the street signs for Blue Jay Way have long been collector's items for fans visiting the Hollywood Hills.[13][142] In May 2015, a lane in the Heavitree area of Exeter, in the English county of Devon, was named Blue Jay Way after the song.[143] In addition to much of the filming for Magical Mystery Tour having taken place at various locations in the West Country,[144][145] the title commemorates the Beatles' three concert appearances at Exeter's ABC Cinema over 1963–64.[146]
Personnel
According to Ian MacDonald,[42] except where noted:
- George Harrison – lead vocals, Hammond organ, backing vocal
- John Lennon – backing vocal, Hammond organ[4][60]
- Paul McCartney – backing vocal, bass guitar
- Ringo Starr – drums, tambourine
- Unnamed session musician – cello
Notes
- ^ Leng quotes John Barham, with whom Harrison began collaborating on the soundtrack album to the film Wonderwall in late 1967. Barham said that Harrison acknowledged his piano adaptation of Raga Marwa as an influence.[48]
- ^ On the released recording, the Lydian-mode sharp 4th note (F♯) is first presented in the cello's brief appearance during this introduction (at 0:19). The same note then becomes a melodic feature as Harrison sings "Or I may be asleep", at the end of the choruses, and in the backing vocals on "Don't be long".[40]
- ^ Despite the Beatles' public rejection of LSD before the song's release, Kris DiLorenzo of Trouser Press later described "Blue Jay Way" as "the archetypal acid song".[55]
- Flying", however.[63]
- ^ In Womack's description, Harrison and Lennon performed "a psychedelic duet of dueling Hammond organs".[4]
- ^ Lewisohn adds that, like the two Lennon-written tracks, the song "makes fascinating listening for anyone interested in what could be achieved in a 1967 recording studio".[58] According to authors Jean-Michel Guesdon and Philippe Margotin, "'Blue Jay Way' was the only Beatles song to use practically all the effects available at that time."[15]
- ^ With recording on the song incomplete at this point, Harrison mimed to a mix created at Abbey Road on 16 September.[60][74]
- ^ In Gould's description, the effect "yields prismatic projections of George yogically floating on air".[80]
- Crosby, Stills & Nash in their London flat in the late 1960s, shortly before the trio's official formation.[141]
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- Shankar, Ravi (1999). Raga Mala: The Autobiography of Ravi Shankar. New York, NY: Welcome Rain. ISBN 1-56649-104-5.
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External links
- Full lyrics for the song at the Beatles' official website Archived 24 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine
- Blue Jay Way – Google Maps
- The REAL Blue Jay Way