Bo Gu

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Bo Gu
博古
Qin in the 1930s
General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party
In office September 1931 – 17 January 1935
Preceded by	Xiang Zhongfa
Succeeded by	Zhang Wentian
Personal details
Born	(1907-05-14)14 May 1907 Wuxi, Jiangsu, Qing dynasty
Died	8 April 1946(1946-04-08) (aged 38) Republic of China
Nationality	Chinese
Political party	Chinese Communist Party

Qin Bangxian or Ch'in Pang-hsien (

In 1926 Qin was sent to the Moscow Sun Yat-sen University in Moscow, Russia where he continued to study both Marxism and Leninism. The Sun Yat-sen University was established under Kuomintang founder Sun Yat-sen's alliance policy with the Soviet Union and the CCP. Its aim was to systematically train young revolutionists for a communist revolution in the Russian fashion. Using the alias "Bo Gu", which means "familiar with histories" in Chinese, Qin continued his studies while becoming acquainted with Wang Ming, a student who had come to the university a year earlier. Wang and Qin, along with many other students, such as Zhang Wentian, Wang Jiaxiang, and Yang Shangkun formed a group known as the 28 Bolsheviks.

They regarded themselves as orthodox Marxists, destined to take charge of Chinese revolution. Furthermore, with Wang's connection to Sun Yat-sen University's vice president and future vice minister of the Eastern Department of Communist International (Comintern), Pavel Mif, the 28 Bolsheviks gained influence. One example being their role as missionaries and interpreters for the 6th National Congress of the CCP held in Moscow, with chances to comment on Chinese affairs.

Involvement with Chinese Communist Party

With Mif succeeding Karl Radek as president, his protégés, among them Bo Gu, were sent back to take charge of CCP. However, because of their inexperience in relation to veteran members such as Zhou Enlai and Zhang Guotao, the group was assigned to insignificant work. Then with the direct support from Mif, who came to China as envoy of Comintern, in the 4th Plenary Meeting of 6th National Congress of CCP in 1931 Wang and his associates won the battle with Li Lisan, who was incumbent paramount leader of CCP at that time, and Li's opponents of old CCP members, such as Labour activists He Mengxiong and Lin Yuying. Wang was appointed as member of politburo of CCP, with Mif took charge of CCP headquarter, Wang became the No1 in practice. As a reward, Bo Gu was appointed to be placed in charge of CY. When Wang returned Moscow for medical treatment, Qin was promoted to become a member of the Central Bureau of CCP, and then to be the General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party in charge of daily work of CCP. Under the policy of extremism and leftism of Li and Wang, CCP suffered great loss in their power struggle with KMT in cities. In 1933 Bo Gu and other members of the Central Bureau such as Zhou Enlai had to evacuate to Soviet Territory, which was the power base set up by CCP, in the countryside, in Jiangxi. Bo Gu, Zhou and Otto Braun, the military advisor from Comintern, found a military command team to replace Mao Zedong's control over the military, who was chairman of the Chinese Soviet Government at that time. Due to a change in Nationalist tactics, the Chinese Red Army suffered great losses in Chiang Kai-shek's 5th Suppression against them. Bo Gu and his team had to launch a strategic diversion.

During the Long March, the Red Army suffered heavy casualties from time to time, due to no plan and incompetence of command of the three-man leadership team. Especially, when the Red Army crossed the Xiang River, the Red Army was near a rat trap, and half of its elites were annihilated by the KMT army. Discontent and fury over the three-man leadership team increased. Under these circumstances, Mao used his diplomatic skills to communicate with Wang Jiaxiang, General Commissar of Red Army at that time, and got support from most of the generals that once had been loyal to him.^{[citation needed]}

Then in January 1935 came the convening of Zunyi Conference, and with the defection of 28 Bolshevik members Zhang Wentian, Wang Jiaxiang and Yang Shangkun to Mao's camp, the three-man team's command over military was discharged, Mao, Wang and Zhou Enlai composed a new three-man team to replace them, and Bo Gu's title of General Secretary was replaced by his former associate Zhang, but he remained a member of the Politburo.^{[citation needed]}

Time in Army

When Bo Gu reached

After the end of World War II in 1945, Mao was invited by Chiang to Chongqing for peace negotiation in order to avoid civil war between CCP and KMT. Qin was one of the delegates of the CCP with Mao, which indicated his appealing to Mao and his prominence in the CCP. Qin attended the following Political Consulting Congress held in Chongqing as delegate of CCP in Feb 1946. When Qin was on his way back to Yan'an, he died in an airplane crash in Shanxi. Among the other victims were several senior CCP leaders such as General Ye Ting, the secret police boss Deng Fa, and the old CCP member Wang Ruofei (王若飞).^{[citation needed]}

References

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