Bochnia
Bochnia | |
---|---|
UTC+2 (CEST) | |
Postal code | 32-700 |
Area code | +48 14 |
Car plates | KBC |
National roads | |
Voivodeship roads | |
Website | http://www.bochnia.pl |
Bochnia
As of December 2021, Bochnia has a population of 29,317[3] and an area of 29.87 square kilometres (11.53 sq mi).[2]
History
This section needs additional citations for verification. (October 2022) |
Bochnia is one of the oldest cities of
Due to its salt mine and favourable location, Bochnia, which belonged to the
In 1561 Bochnia burned down in a fire and its salt deposits were depleted, leading to the town's decline. During the Deluge, in 1655 Bochnia was captured by the Swedes, in 1657 by the Transylvanians, and in 1662, by the Cossacks. By the 1660s, there were only 54 houses still standing. In 1702, the town was destroyed in the Great Northern War. Fires caused further damage in 1709 and 1751. In 1772, Bochnia was annexed by the Austria in the First Partition of Poland, and remained part of Galicia (Austrian Partition of Poland) until 1918. The Austrians liquidated both abbeys, and tore down the town hall together with the defensive wall. In 1867, Bochnia County was created and the town began a slow recovery spurred by construction of the Galician Railway of Archduke Charles Louis. In 1886, first public library was opened, in the late 19th century, the waterworks, and in 1913, a movie theater.
Poland regained independence in 1918, and in the
World War II
During the German invasion of Poland, which started World War II, on September 6–7, 1939, Bochnia was defended by several Polish units. The Einsatzgruppe I entered the town shortly after to commit various crimes against the population.[7] One of the first mass executions in occupied Poland took place in the town: the Germans shot 52 Poles as a reprisal for killing two German police officers. In 1939 the Germans operated a Dulag transit camp for some 1,000 Polish prisoners of war in the town.[8]
At the outbreak of
In April 1943, Polish wartime hero Witold Pilecki hid there after his escape from the Auschwitz concentration camp. In 1944, the 12th Home Army Infantry Regiment was established in Bochnia. In 1944, during and following the Warsaw Uprising, the Germans carried out deportations of Varsovians from the Dulag 121 camp in Pruszków, where they were initially imprisoned, to Bochnia.[11] Those Poles were mainly old people, ill people and women with children.[11]
The Jewish family of Tiders expelled from Zaborowo in 1940 were murdered in Brześć with children except for their oldest son, 24-year-old Mendel Tider, who paved the road to Tamowo on German orders at the time of the killings. He escaped to Bochnia where he met Józef Langdorf from his neighbourhood. Together, they escaped back to Zaborowo and found refuge at the farm of the Mika family of six. Both survived, treated like relatives and fed for free until liberation. In 2000 the three members of the Mika family were bestowed the titles of the Righteous thanks to Mrs Langdorf from Israel. Stefan Mika was 73, and living in Kraków; the other two, father and mother, were already dead for several decades.[12]
Recent period
Although Poland was liberated from Germany, it fell to the Soviet sphere of influence, and the Soviets installed a communist regime, which remained in power until 1989. The
Landmarks
Salt mine
The Bochnia Salt Mine (Polish: kopalnia soli w Bochni) is one of the oldest salt mines in the world and the oldest one in Poland and Europe. The mine was established between the 12th and 13th centuries after salt was discovered in Bochnia. The mines measure 4.5 kilometres (2.8 miles) in length and 468 metres (1,535 feet) in depth at 16 different levels. Deserted chambers, shafts and passages form a so-called underground town, which is now open to sightseers. The largest of the preserved chambers has been converted into a sanatorium.
Other landmarks
- St. Nicholas Basilica - built in the 1st half of the 15th century, and then reconstructed after the fires that occurred in the years 1447, ca. 1485 and 1655. Late Gothic with Baroque and Rococo interior
- Stanisław Fischer Museum - former Dominican monastery, Baroque
- Art Nouveau railway station
- Statues of Casimir III of Poland
- The older parts of the cemetery at Oracka Street
- Jewish cemetery
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Main square with theCasimir the Greatmonument
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St. Nicholas' Basilica
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Stanisław Fischer Museum
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Bochnia salt mine
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Bochnia train station
Transport
Road transport
The A4 motorway, which is also a part of the European route E40, passes north to the town. Other roads include: national road 75, national road 94 and voivodeship road 965.
Rail transport
The railway line 91 (Kraków-Medyka) passes through the town.
Education
Bochnia Academy of Economics (Wyższa Szkoła Ekonomiczna w Bochni) is a privately owned collegiate-level institution of higher education in the city, founded in 2000. It grants bachelor's degrees (licencjat) in two fields of knowledge: economics, finance and accounting.[13]
Sports
The local football club is Bocheński KS . It competes in the lower leagues.
International relations
Twin towns - sister cities
- Bad Salzdetfurth, Germany
- Kežmarok, Slovakia
- Roselle, United States
Notable residents
- Stanislaus of Szczepanów (1030–1079), Poland's first native saint
- Ralph Modjeski (Rudolf Modrzejewski) (1861–1940), engineer, born 1861 to actress Helena Modjeska, builder of 30 major bridges in the USA
- Roman Vetulani (1849–1908), Polish scholar
- writerand publicist
- Elżbieta Ciechanowska (1875–1948), Polish women's rights and labor activist, musician and poet
- Salo Landau (1903–1944), Dutch national chess champion
See also
References
- ^ "Burmistrz". bip.malopolska.pl (in Polish). Bulletin of Public Information of Bochnia. Retrieved 9 October 2022.
- ^ a b "Local Data Bank". bdl.stat.gov.pl. Statistics Poland. Retrieved 9 October 2022. Category K1, group G441, subgroup P1410. Data for territorial unit 1201011.
- ^ a b "Local Data Bank". bdl.stat.gov.pl. Statistics Poland. Retrieved 9 October 2022. Category K3, group G7, subgroup P1336. Data for territorial unit 1201011.
- ^ "Local Data Bank". bdl.stat.gov.pl. Statistics Poland. Retrieved 9 October 2022. Category K3, group G7, subgroup P2425. Data for territorial unit 1201011.
- ^ Rozporządzenie Prezydenta Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej z dnia 26 września 2000 r. w sprawie uznania za pomnik historii., Dz. U. z 2000 r. Nr 83, poz. 938
- ^ Wiącek, Wojciech (1929). Zarys historji wojennej 15-go pułku piechoty (in Polish). Warszawa. p. 3.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ Wardzyńska, Maria (2009). Był rok 1939. Operacja niemieckiej policji bezpieczeństwa w Polsce. Intelligenzaktion (in Polish). Warszawa: IPN. p. 58.
- ISBN 978-0-253-06089-1.
- ^ a b "Bochnia Ghetto". Retrieved 2013-03-10.
- ^ Ofer Aderet (November 30, 2012). "Yad Vashem Archives Rediscover Heroic Rescue". Haaretz.
- ^ a b "Transporty z obozu Dulag 121". Muzeum Dulag 121 (in Polish). Retrieved 8 May 2021.
- ^ Magdalena Zawadzka (November 2010). "The Mika Family". Recognized as the Righteous Among the Nations in 2000. Polscy Sprawiedliwi - Przywracanie Pamięci, POLIN Museum of the History of Polish Jews. Archived from the original on 2 March 2016. Retrieved 27 February 2016.
- ^ Strefa Studenta. Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine Wyższa Szkoła Ekonomiczna w Bochni (homepage). Retrieved September 3, 2012.
- ^ "Miasta partnerskie". bochnia.eu (in Polish). Bochnia. Retrieved 2021-10-01.
External links
- Encyclopedia Americana. 1920. .
- Official website (in Polish)
- Jewish Community in Bochnia on Virtual Shtetl
- Bochnia, Poland at JewishGen