Boeing AH-64 Apache
AH-64 Apache | |
---|---|
An AH-64 Apache from the U.S. Army's 101st Aviation Regiment in Iraq
| |
Role | Attack helicopter |
National origin | United States |
Manufacturer |
|
First flight | 30 September 1975[1] |
Introduction | April 1986[2] |
Status | In service |
Primary users | United States Army |
Produced | 1975–present |
Number built | 2,400 as of April 2020[update][3] |
Variants | AgustaWestland Apache |
The Boeing AH-64 Apache (
The Apache began as the Model 77 developed by Hughes Helicopters for the United States Army's Advanced Attack Helicopter program to replace the AH-1 Cobra. The prototype YAH-64 first flew on 30 September 1975. The U.S. Army selected the YAH-64 over the Bell YAH-63 in 1976, and later approved full production in 1982. After acquiring Hughes Helicopters in 1984, McDonnell Douglas continued AH-64 production and development. The helicopter was introduced to U.S. Army service in April 1986. The advanced AH-64D Apache Longbow was delivered to the Army in March 1997. Production has been continued by Boeing Defense, Space & Security. As of 2020, more than 2,400 AH-64s have been produced.[3]
Primarily operated by the U.S. Army, the AH-64 has also become the primary attack helicopter of multiple nations, including
. British and Dutch Apaches were deployed to wars in Afghanistan and Iraq in 2001.Development
Advanced Attack Helicopter
After the
Proposals were submitted by
The AH-64A then entered phase 2 of the AAH program under which three pre-production AH-64s would be built, additionally, the two YAH-64A flight prototypes and the ground test unit were upgraded to the same standard.[11] Weapons and sensor systems were integrated and tested during this time, including the laser-guided AGM-114 Hellfire missile.[13] Development of the Hellfire missile had begun in 1974, originally known by the name of Helicopter Launched, Fire and Forget Missile ('Hellfire' being a shortened acronym),[14] for the purpose of arming helicopter platforms with an effective anti-tank missile.[citation needed]
Into production
In 1981, three pre-production AH-64As were handed over to the U.S. Army for Operational Test II. The Army testing was successful, but afterward it was decided to upgrade to the more powerful
A 1985 Department of Defense engineering analysis by the inspector general's office reported that significant design deficiencies still needed to be addressed by the contractor. The Army project manager Col. William H. Forster published a list of 101 action items. In 1986, the four 22-foot-long main rotor blades, each made from steel and composite material glued together to maximize strength and minimize weight by the Composite Structures Division of Alcoa Composites, were added to the list. The steel-composite rotors could not meet the Army specification for a life of 1500 flight hours, and needed replacement after just 146 hours. After six changes to the design, the rotor blade life was extended to 1400 hours by early 1991.[18]
Further development
During the 1980s, McDonnell Douglas studied an AH-64B, featuring an updated cockpit, new
Portions of the Apache are produced by other aerospace firms.
The AH-64D program cost a total of $11 billion (~$15.6 billion in 2023) through 2007.[32] In April 2006, Boeing was awarded a $67.6 million (~$98.3 million in 2023) fixed-price contract for the remanufacture of several existing U.S. AH-64As to the AH-64D configuration. Between May 2009 and July 2011, a further five contracts were issued to remanufacture batches of AH-64As into AH-64Ds.[33] Since 2008, nations operating the older Apaches have been urged to undertake modernization programs as support for the AH-64A is withdrawn.[34]
By May 2019, Boeing tested in a
Design
Overview
Apache version |
Engine version | Engine power |
---|---|---|
AH-64A+/D[36] | General Electric T700-701 | 1,696 shp (1,265 kW)[15] |
AH-64A+/D | General Electric T700-701C | 1,890 shp (1,410 kW)[37] |
AH-64E | General Electric T700-701D | 1,994 shp (1,487 kW)[38] |
WAH-64D | Rolls-Royce Turbomeca RTM322 | 2,100 shp (1,600 kW)[39] |
The AH-64 Apache has a four-blade main rotor and a four-blade tail rotor.
The crew compartment and rotor blades are designed to sustain a hit from
The aircraft was designed to meet the crashworthiness requirements of MIL-STD-1290,[48] which specifies minimum requirement for crash impact energy attenuation to minimize crew injuries and fatalities. This was achieved through incorporation of increased structural strength, crashworthy landing gear, seats and fuel system.
On a standard day, when temperatures are 59 °F (15 °C), the AH-64 has a vertical rate of climb of 1,775 feet per minute (541 m/min), and a service ceiling of 21,000 feet (6,400 m).[49] However, on a hot day, when temperatures are 70 °F (21 °C), its vertical rate of climb is reduced to 1,595 fpm (486 m/min), and service ceiling is reduced to 19,400 feet (5,900 m) due to less dense air.[50]
Avionics and targeting
One of the revolutionary features of the Apache was its
U.S. Army engagement training is performed under the Aerial Weapons Scoring System Integration with Longbow Apache Tactical Engagement Simulation System (AWSS-LBA TESS), using live 30 mm and rocket ammunition as well as simulated Hellfire missiles. The
The AH-64 was designed to perform in front-line environments, and to operate at night or day and during adverse weather conditions.
In 2014, it was announced that new targeting and surveillance sensors were under development to provide high-resolution color imagery to crews, replacing older low definition black-and-white imaging systems.[62] Lockheed received the first contract in January 2016, upgrading the Arrowhead turret to provide higher-resolution color imaging with longer ranges and a wider field of view.[63] In 2014, the U.S. Army was adapting its Apaches for increased maritime performance as part of the Pentagon's rebalance to the Pacific. Additional avionics and sensor improvements includes an extended-range radar capable of detecting small ships in littoral environments, software adaptions to handle maritime targets, and adding Link 16 data-links for better communications with friendly assets.[64]
Armament and configurations
Mission[40] | Hellfire | 30 mm rounds |
Hydra 70 | Maximum speed (knots) |
Rate of climb (ft/min) |
Endurance (hours) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Anti-Armor | 16 | 1,200 | 0 | 148 | 990 | 2.5 |
Covering Force | 8 | 1,200 | 38 | 150 | 860 | 2.5 |
Escort | 0 | 1,200 | 76 | 153 | 800 | 2.5 |
The AH-64 is adaptable to numerous different roles within its context as Close Combat Attack (CCA).[40] In addition to the 30 mm M230E1 Chain Gun, the Apache carries a range of external stores and weapons on its stub-wing pylons, typically a mixture of AGM-114 Hellfire anti-tank missiles, and Hydra 70 general-purpose unguided 70 mm (2.756 in) rockets.[65] The Hellfire is designed to defeat stationary or moving tanks as far away as 6,500 meters.[66]
Since 2005, the Hellfire missile outfitted with a
Starting in the 1980s, the
The AH-64E is able to control
Boeing has suggested that the AH-64 could be fitted with a
On 14 July 2016, it was reported that the AH-64 had successfully completed testing of the MBDA Brimstone anti-armor missile.[80] In January 2020, the U.S. Army announced it was fielding the Spike NLOS missile on AH-64E Apaches as an interim solution to acquire new munitions that provide greater stand-off capabilities.[81]
Operational history
United States
Twentieth century
In January 1984, the U.S. Army formally accepted its first production AH-64A and training of the first pilots began later that year.
Upon fielding the Apache, capabilities such as the FLIR's use in extensive night operations made it clear that it was capable of operating beyond the forward line of own troops (FLOT) to which previous attack helicopters were normally restricted.
Nearly half of all U.S. Apaches were deployed to
The AH-64 played roles in the Balkans during separate conflicts in
In 2000, Major General
21st century
U.S. Apaches served in
In 2003, the AH-64 participated in the invasion of Iraq during
By the end of U.S. military operations in Iraq in December 2011, several Apaches had been shot down by enemy fire and lost in accidents. In 2006, an Apache was downed by a Soviet-made
On 21 February 2013, the 1st Battalion (Attack), 229th Aviation Regiment at Joint Base Lewis–McChord became the first U.S. Army unit to field the AH-64E Apache Guardian; a total of 24 AH-64E were received by mid-2013.[132] On 27 November 2013, the AH-64E achieved initial operating capability (IOC).[133] In March 2014, the 1st–229th Attack Reconnaissance Battalion deployed 24 AH-64Es to Afghanistan in the type's first combat deployment.[134] From April through September 2014, AH-64Es in combat maintained an 88 percent readiness rate.[135] The unit's deployment ended in November 2014, with the AH-64E accumulating 11,000 flight hours, each helicopter averaging 66 hours per month. The AH-64E flies 20 mph (32 km/h) faster than the AH-64D, cutting response time by 57 percent, and has better fuel efficiency, increasing time on station from 2.5–3 hours to 3–3.5 hours; Taliban forces were reportedly surprised by the AH-64E attacking sooner and for longer periods. AH-64Es also worked with medium and large unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to find targets and maintain positive ID, conducting 60 percent of the unit's direct-fire engagements in conjunction with UAVs; Guardian pilots often controlled UAVs and accessed their video feeds to use their greater altitudes and endurance to see the battlespace from standoff ranges.[136][137][138]
In 2014, the Army began implementing a plan to move all Apaches from the Army Reserve and National Guard to the active Army to serve as scout helicopters to replace the
In July 2014, the Pentagon announced that Apaches had been dispatched to Baghdad to protect embassy personnel from
Israel
The
During the 1990s, Israeli AH-64As frequently attacked
In 2004, Israeli AH-64s[163] carried out the assassination of Ahmed Yassin and also killed 7 bystanders.[163] Ahmed Yassin was the spiritual leader of Hamas; given that he was also blind, paraplegic and in a wheelchair, Palestinians saw the killing as "a cowardly execution of a frail old man in a wheelchair who did not attempt to hide".[164] The attack also killed 7 bystanders, and was internationally condemned.[165]
IAF Apaches played a prominent role in the
In the 2010s, the IAF pursued upgrades to its AH-64A fleet as new AH-64D orders had been blocked.
IAF AH-64s occasionally saw use in the air-to-air role. The first operational air-to-air kill took place on 24 May 2001, when an IAF shot down a Lebanese civilian Cessna 152 aircraft. Israeli and Lebanese officials presented differing versions: Lebanon said Israel first intercepted the aircraft over Lebanese airspace and its pilot, flying without his instructor, mistakenly entered Israeli airspace, while Israel says the aircraft was already in Israeli airspace when it was intercepted and repeatedly refused to answer or comply with air traffic control (ATC) warnings.[182][183] The second air-to-air kill occurred on 10 February 2018, after an Iranian UAV entered Israeli airspace from Syria, an AH-64 destroyed it with a missile.[184]
United Kingdom
The UK currently operates a modified version of the AH-64D Block I Apache Longbow; initially called the Westland WAH-64 Apache, it is designated the Apache AH1 by the British Army.
On 11 July 2016, the Ministry of Defence confirmed a U.S. Foreign Military Sale (FMS) worth $2.3 billion (~$2.86 billion in 2023) for 50 AH-64Es to be built in Mesa, Arizona. Leonardo Helicopters in the UK will maintain the current fleet of Apaches until 2023–2024, with a long-term plan for Leonardo and other UK companies to "do most of the work" on the new fleet.[190] The deal included an initial support contract for maintenance, spare parts, and training simulators; components from the older WAH-64s "will be reused and incorporated into the new helicopters where possible." The type entered service with the British Army in 2022.[191] Approval for the re-manufacture of fifty of the UK's WAH-64 Mk 1 fleet to AH-64E Apache Guardian standard was given by the Defense Security Cooperation Agency in August 2015.[192] They utilize the General Electric T700 engine rather than the Turbomeca RTM322 of the WAH-64; the first off-the-shelf purchase of a GE engine by the Ministry of Defence.[193] The first two AH-64Es were delivered to the British Army on 26 November 2020.[194]
Netherlands
The Dutch government initially showed an interest in acquiring Apache helicopters in the late 1980s, when it stated that it may purchase as many as 52.[195] A competition held in 1994 against the Eurocopter Tiger and the Bell AH-1 SuperCobra led to the Royal Netherlands Air Force ordering 30 AH-64D Apaches in 1995.[196][197][198] Deliveries began in 1998[199] and ended in 2002.[200][201] The RNLAF Apaches are equipped with the Apache Modular Aircraft Survivability Equipment (AMASE) self-protection system to counter infrared (IR) missile threats.[202][203]
The RNLAF Apaches' first deployment was in 2001 to
Shortly after Apaches were deployed to
In February 2018, the Netherlands decided to upgrade all their AH-64Ds to the latest AH-64E standard via a FMS contract with the US, along with 17 APG-78 fire control radar units.[211] In November 2021, the process to upgrade AH-64Ds began and RNLAF is to receive the upgraded AH-64Es between 2023 and 2025.[212]
Saudi Arabia
Following the 1991 Gulf War, during which many U.S. Apaches operated from bases within Saudi territory,[213][214] Saudi Arabia purchased twelve AH-64As for the Royal Saudi Land Force.[215][216] It has been speculated that the Saudi purchase motivated Israel to also procure Apaches.[217] In August 2006, Saudi Arabia began negotiations for Apache upgrades worth up to $400M (~$582 million in 2023), possibly remanufacturing their AH-64As to the AH-64D configuration.[218] In September 2008, the U.S. Government approved a Saudi Arabian request to buy 12 AH-64Ds.[219] In October 2010, Saudi Arabia requested a further 70 AH-64Ds as part of a possible massive arms deal.[220][221]
In November 2009, the Royal Saudi Land Force, as part of a military effort against insurgent border intrusions, launched
As an escalation of the
United Arab Emirates
The United Arab Emirates purchased 30 AH-64As between 1991 and 1994,[230] and began upgrading to AH-64D specification in 2008.[231] In December 2016, the U.S. State Department approved a proposed sale of another 37 AH-64Es and Congress was notified; this consisted of 28 re-manufactured and nine new-build helicopters.[232]
A UAE AH-64 was reportedly lost on 17 October 2017;[233] a replacement was approved by the US in 2019.[234]
Egypt
In 1995, the Egyptian Air Force placed an order for 36 AH-64As.[235] These Apaches were delivered with the same avionics as the U.S. fleet at that time, except for indigenous radio equipment.[236] In 2000, Boeing announced an order to remanufacture Egypt's Apache fleet to the AH-64D configuration,[237] except for Longbow radar, which had been excluded by the U.S. government.[238] In 2009, Egypt requested a further 12 AH-64D Block IIs with Longbow radars through a FMS.[239][240]
In August 2012, the Egyptian Armed Forces undertook a large-scale military operation to regain control of the Sinai Peninsula from armed militants. Air cover throughout the operation was provided by the Egyptian Air Force's Apaches, which reportedly destroyed three vehicles and killed at least 20 militants.[241] Up to five Egyptian Apaches were temporarily stationed in the Sinai following an agreement between Egypt and Israel.[242] In September 2015, an Egyptian Apache attacked a group of foreign tourists in the Western Desert, killing 12 people and injuring 10. The AH-64s fired at the civilians with rockets and 30mm machine guns for several hours, even though survivors said they waved the white flag.[243] The Egyptian Interior Ministry stated that the group, whom were mistaken for militants, were in a restricted area.[244] The tourists were reportedly accompanied by Egyptian police, and their vehicles were marked with logos of the tourist company.[243]
In November 2018, the U.S. Department of State approved the sale of ten AH-64Es and associated equipment to Egypt, valued at US$1 billion, pending the sale clearing Congress.[245][246]
India
Indian Air Force
In 2008, the
On 11 May 2019, Indian Air Force received its first AH-64E in a ceremony at Boeing's Mesa, Arizona facility.[256] On 3 September 2019, 8 AH-64Es were inducted into the IAF's 125 Helicopter Squadron at Pathankot Air Base, Punjab.[257][258]
On 3 April 2024, an Apache of IAF sustained damaged due to "undulating terrain and high altitude" when the pilots carried out precautionary emergency landing during a training sortie in Ladakh Area of Responsibility (AOR). IAF has ordered a Court of Inquiry for the incident. The pilots are safe and were evacuated to the nearest airbase.[259][260]
Indian Army
On 12 June 2018, the U.S. Department of State approved a possible FMS to India for six more AH-64Es and associated equipment in an estimated $930 million deal. The U.S. Defense Security Cooperation Agency notified Congress for approval.[261][257] In February 2020, another six for the Indian Army were ordered, including weapons, equipment, and training; deliveries are planned to begin in 2023.[262] These attack helicopters are often interlinked with squadrons of indigenous HAL Prachand attack helicopters. On 1 January 2024, senior Army officials told India Today that The Indian Army Aviation Corps is expected to induct the first batch of Apache helicopters in February-March of this year. This is to enable the army to protect its tanks on the battlefield when the Indian Air Force is unavailable. They will be deployed to Jodhpur, near the India–Pakistan border, enhancing the security of the area against Pakistani tanks.[263][264] On 15 March 2024, Army Aviation Corps raised an attack squadron at Jodhpur which will operate Apache.[265][266] The first batch of three Apache will be inducted in May 2024 and the rest will be inducted by July 2024.[267]
Other users
Greece received 20 AH-64As by 1995; another 12 AH-64Ds were ordered in September 2003.[235][268]
Singapore purchased 20 AH-64Ds in two batches between 1999 and 2001.[269] In October 2010, training was suspended following the forced crash-landing of an Apache.[270]
In 2005, Kuwait purchased 16 AH-64Ds.[271]
On 26 August 2013, Indonesia and the U.S. finalized a contract for eight AH-64E Apaches worth $500 million (~$645 million in 2023).[272] The first was displayed on 5 October 2017 as part of a military exercise in Indonesia, to mark the 72nd anniversary of its armed forces.[273] The first batch of AH-64s for the Indonesian Army arrived in Indonesia on 18 December 2017.[274][275]
In June 2011, Taiwan (Republic of China) agreed to the purchase of 30 AH-64Es with weapons and associated equipment.[282][283] On 5 November 2013, Taiwan received the first six AH-64s.[284] On 25 April 2014, a Taiwanese AH-64E crashed into a three-story building during a training flight in bad weather conditions, the first AH-64E airframe loss.[285][286] An investigation ruled out mechanical failure and concluded that the pilots had rapidly descended through clouds at low altitude without checking flight instruments to maintain adequate height; the Army expanded simulator training in response.[287] In October 2014, Taiwan's fifth and final batch of AH-64Es was delivered.[288]
In 2009,
Future and possible users
Iraq requested the sale of 24 AH-64s in April 2013;[297] In January 2014, a sale, including the helicopters, associated parts, maintenance, and training, was cleared by the U.S. Congress.[298][299] However, the proposal was not accepted by the Iraqi government and expired in August 2014.[300]
In July 2012, Qatar requested the sale of 24 AH-64Es with associated equipment and support.[301] The sale was approved on 27 March 2014.[302] In March 2019, Qatar received the first of 24 AH-64Es ordered.[303]
In July 2016, the UK placed an order for 50 AH-64Es through the U.S. FMS program instead of upgrading their Westland-built WAH-64s.[304]
In July 2019, Australia issued a request for information for Project Land 4503 to replace the Army's Eurocopter Tiger ARH helicopters.[305][306] On 15 January 2021, the Australian Minister for Defence Linda Reynolds announced that the AH-64E had been selected to replace the Tiger ARH.[307][308] A fleet of 29 AH-64Es will be acquired with a planned initial operational capability of 12 helicopters in 2026 and full operational capability in 2028.[308][309][310]
In October 2019, the Bangladesh Air Force (BAF) was offered two types of attack helicopters and selected the AH-64, pending government approval.[311] However, due to the Apache's high costs, the BAF choose the competing Russian Mi-28NE Night Hunter.[312]
In November 2019, the U.S. State Department approved a FMS to Morocco of 24 AH-64Es (with an option for a further 12), this allows Morocco to negotiate an order.[313]
On 30 April 2020, the U.S. Defense Security Cooperation Agency announced it had received U.S. State Department approval and notified Congress of a possible sale to the Philippines of either six AH-1Z attack helicopters and related equipment for an estimated cost of $450 million or six AH-64Es and related equipment for an estimated cost of $1.5 billion.[314][315]
On 21 April 2022, Polish Ministry of National Defence shortlisted two models in competition for the "Kruk" (Raven) Program aimed at modernizing the Polish Land Forces' fleet of attack helicopters, with the competitors being the AH-64E and Bell's AH-1Z Viper.[316] On 8 September 2022, Polish Minister of Defence Mariusz Błaszczak announced that the AH-64E has won and set out to procure 96 helicopters to form six squadrons.[317][318]
Variants
AH-64A
The AH-64A is the original production attack helicopter. The crew sit in tandem in an
U.S. Army AH-64As are being converted to AH-64Ds. The service's last AH-64A was taken out of service in July 2012 before conversion at Boeing's facility in Mesa, Arizona.[320] On 25 September 2012, Boeing received a $136.8M contract to remanufacture the last 16 AH-64As into the AH-64D Block II version and this was planned to be completed by December 2013.[321][needs update]
AH-64B
In 1991, after Operation Desert Storm, the AH-64B was a proposed upgrade to 254 AH-64As. The upgrade would have included new rotor blades, a Global Positioning System (GPS), improved navigation systems and new radios. U.S. Congress approved $82M to begin the Apache B upgrade. The B program was canceled in 1992.[322] The radio, navigation, and GPS modifications were later installed on most AH-64As via other upgrades.
AH-64C
Additional funding from Congress in late 1991 resulted in a program to upgrade AH-64As to an AH-64B+ version. More funding changed the plan to upgrade to AH-64C, which would include all of the changes to be included in the AH-64D except for mast-mounted radar and newer −700C engine versions. However, the C designation was dropped after 1993.[323] With AH-64As receiving the newer engine from 1990, the only difference between the AH-64C and the AH-64D was the radar, which could be moved from one aircraft to another; thus, the decision was made to simply designate both versions as AH-64D.[323]
AH-64D
The AH-64D Apache Longbow is equipped with a glass cockpit and advanced sensors, the most noticeable of which being the
The aircraft is powered by a pair of uprated
AH-64E
Formerly known as AH-64D Block III, in 2012, it was redesignated as AH-64E Guardian.
Changes in production lots 4 through 6 include a cognitive decision aiding system and new self-diagnostic abilities. The updated Longbow radar has an oversea capacity, potentially enabling naval strikes; an
AH-64F
In 2014, Boeing conceptualized an Apache upgrade prior to the introduction of the U.S. Army's anticipated attack version of the Future Vertical Lift (FVL) aircraft, forecast to replace the Apache by 2040. The conceptual AH-64F would have greater speed via a new 3,000 shp turboshaft engine from the Improved Turbine Engine Program, retractable landing gear, stub wings to offload lift from the main rotor during cruise, and a tail rotor that can articulate 90 degrees to provide forward thrust.[343] In October 2016, the Army revealed they would not pursue another Apache upgrade to focus on funding FVL; the Army will continue buying the Apache through the 2020s until Boeing's production line ends in 2026, then FVL is slated to come online in 2030.[344]
Compound Apache
In October 2018, Boeing began testing the AH-64E Block 2 Compound, a
Sea Apache
During the 1980s
The
Export Apaches
Several models have been derived from the AH-64A, AH-64D and AH-64E for export. The British-built AgustaWestland Apache (assembled from kits purchased from Boeing) is based on the AH-64D Block I with several different systems, including more powerful engines, folding rotor blades, and other modifications for operation from Royal Navy vessels.
Block modification
While a major change in design or role will cause the type designator suffix to change, for example from AH-64D to AH-64E, the helicopters are also subject to block modification. Block modification is the combining of equipment changes into blocks of modification work orders, the modifications in the block (sometimes called a block package) are all done to the helicopter at the same time.[353]
Operators
- Egyptian Air Force – 46 AH-64Ds[354]
- Hellenic Army – 28 AH-64A/Ds[355]
- Indian Air Force – 22 AH-64Es in inventory as of July 2020[356]
- Indian Army – 6 AH-64Es on order[357]
- Indonesian Army 8 AH-64Es[354]
- Israeli Air Force – 48 AH-64A/Ds[354]
- U-125A with unmanned aerial vehicles. Japan plans to increase its defense budget from 1.24% of GDP in fiscal 2021 to around 2.0% within 10 years, and has decided to retire these helicopters and aircraft as part of an effort to spend its defense budget efficiently.[358]
- Kuwait Air Force – 24 AH-64Ds[354]
- Royal Moroccan Air Force – 36 AH-64Es on order[359]
- Royal Netherlands Air Force – 28 AH-64Es[360]
- Polish Land Forces – 96 on order, 8 leased[361]
- Qatar Emiri Air Force – 24 AH-64Es[362]
- Royal Saudi Land Forces – 47 AH-64A/D/Es[354]
- Saudi Arabia National Guard – 12 AH-64Es[363]
- Republic of Singapore Air Force – 19 AH-64Ds[354]
- Republic of Korea Army – 36 AH-64Es[354]
- Republic of China Army – 29 AH-64Es[354]
- United Arab Emirates Air Force – 28 AH-64D/Es[354]
- British Army – 67 AgustaWestland Apaches.[364] 50 to be upgraded to AH-64E standard.[365]
- United States Army – 819 AH-64D/Es[354]
Specifications (AH-64A/D)
Data from Jane's All the World's Aircraft 2000–2001,[53] Jane's All the World's Aircraft 2010–2011,[72] Apache AH-64 Boeing (McDonnell Douglas) 1976–2005[366]
General characteristics
- Crew: 2 (pilot, and co-pilot/gunner)
- Length: 58 ft 2 in (17.73 m)
- Fuselage length: 49 ft 5 in (15.06 m)
- Height: 12 ft 8 in (3.87 m)
- Empty weight: 11,387 lb (5,165 kg)
- Gross weight: 17,650 lb (8,006 kg)
- Max takeoff weight: 23,000 lb (10,433 kg)
- Powerplant: 2 × General Electric T700-GE-701 turboshaftengines, 1,690 shp (1,260 kW) each (upgraded to 1,890 shp (1,409 kW) T700-GE-701C for AH-64A/D from 1990)
- Main rotor diameter: 48 ft 0 in (14.63 m)
- Main rotor area: 1,908.5 sq ft (177.31 m2) 4-bladed main-rotor and 4-bladed tail-rotor in non-orthogonal alignment
- Blade section: root: HH-02; tip: NACA 64A006[367]
Performance
- Maximum speed: 158 kn (182 mph, 293 km/h)
- Cruise speed: 143 kn (165 mph, 265 km/h)
- Never exceed speed: 197 kn (227 mph, 365 km/h)
- Range: 257 nmi (296 mi, 476 km) with Longbow radar mast
- Combat range: 260 nmi (300 mi, 480 km)
- Ferry range: 1,024 nmi (1,178 mi, 1,896 km)
- Service ceiling: 20,000 ft (6,100 m)
- Disk loading: 9.8 lb/sq ft (48 kg/m2)
- Power/mass: 0.18 hp/lb (0.30 kW/kg)
Armament
- Guns: 1× M230 Chain Gun with 1,200 rounds as part of the Area Weapon Subsystem
- Hardpoints: Four pylon stations on the stub wings. Longbows also have a station on each wingtip for an AIM-92 Stinger twin missile pack.[70]
- Rockets: APKWS 70 mm[69]air-to-ground rockets
- Missiles: Typically Spike missilesmay also be carried.
Avionics
- Lockheed Martin/Northrop Grumman AN/APG-78 Longbow fire-control radar[369] (Note: can only be mounted on the AH-64D/E)
Notable appearances in media
See also
- Aviation and Missile Research, Development, and Engineering Center
- United States Army Aviation and Missile Command
Related development
Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era
- Agusta A129 Mangusta
- Bell AH-1 SuperCobra
- Bell AH-1Z Viper
- CAIC Z-10
- Denel Rooivalk
- Eurocopter Tiger
- HAL Prachand
- Harbin WZ-19
- IAIO Toufan
- Kamov Ka-50
- Mil Mi-24
- Mil Mi-28
- Panha 2091
- TAI/AgustaWestland T129
Related lists
- List of active United States military aircraft
- List of aviation shootdowns and accidents during the Iraq War
- List of rotorcraft
References
Notes
- ^ Israel had already used "Tzefa" (צפע), Hebrew for Viper to name its Bell AH-1 Cobras.[154] Donald 2004 states Peten translates to "Viper".[147]
Citations
- ^ "Boeing Marks 25th Anniversary of Apache First Flight Sept. 30". Boeing. 2 October 2000.
- ^ Haynes, Mary L. and Cheryl Morai Young, ed. "Department of the Army Historical Summary, FY 1987, Chapter 5: Modernizing and Equipping the Army" Archived 20 July 2016 at the Wayback Machine. Center of Military History, United States Army, 1995.
- ^ a b c Verdict Media (17 April 2020). "US Army takes delivery of 500th Boeing AH-64E Apache Helicopter". airforce-technology.com. Archived from the original on 18 April 2020. Retrieved 18 April 2020.
- ^ "Army Cancels Helicopter Contract". Victoria Advocate. 10 August 1972.
- ^ "Army Decides To Scrap Cheyenne Helicopter Gunship". Boca Raton News. 3 September 1972.
- ^ Bishop 2005, pp. 5–6.
- ^ OAVCSA 1973, p. 10.
- ^ "Army Seeking Bids on New Helicopter". The New York Times. 16 November 1972.
- ^ "New Army Tactic". Reading Eagle. 11 September 1973.
- ^ Bishop 2005, p. 7.
- ^ a b Richardson and Peacock 1992, p. 8.
- ^ Donald 2004, p. 114.
- ^ Bishop 2005, p. 8.
- ^ "AGM-114 Hellfire missile". Boeing. Archived from the original on 14 September 2011. Retrieved 30 July 2011.
- ^ a b Bishop 2005, pp. 8–9.
- ^ a b Donald 2004, p. 119.
- ^ Wilson, Cynthia; Dale Singer (13 January 2004). "McDonnell-Boeing Merger". St. Louis Post-Dispatch.[dead link]
- ^ Babcock, Charles R. (20 February 1991). "Temperamental Helicopter Joins Battle". The Washington Post. Retrieved 14 October 2021.
- ^ "Helicopter Contract Awarded". Prescott Courier. 17 August 1988.
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{{cite book}}
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External links
- Official website
- AH-64 Apache U.S. Army fact file (archived from the original on 2011-05-01)
- Apache overview with supporting images on HowStuffWorks.com
- Top 10: Helicopters – AH-64D Apache. Discovery Channel, 8 May 2007.
- AH-64E U.S. Army video describing Apache Block III technologies
- Apache Helicopter Acoustic Analysis
- "Boeing eyes X-49A technology for Apache attack helicopter".
- US Army overview of the Apache Longbow Block III