Bohtan

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Bohtan
Status	Sovereign state (before 1514) Vassal of the Ottoman Empire
Capital	Cizre
Religion	Yazidism, Sunni Islam (from 14th century)
Government	Principality
Mir
• 1821–1847	Bedir Khan Beg (last)
Succeeded by Ottoman Empire
Today part of	Turkey, Al-Hasakah Governorate, Iraq

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Bohtan (also Buhtan, Bokhti) was a medieval Kurdish principality in the Ottoman Empire centered on the town of Jazirah ibn 'Omar (modern Cizre also known as Cizîra Botan (Jazira Botan) in southeastern Anatolia. The official religion of this principality was Yezidism in 14th century, although the rulers eventually converted to Islam, Bohtan constituted the third major Yezidi enclave after Shekhan and Sinjar until the 19th century.^[1][2]

History

The principality ruled over an area extending from Diyarbakir to Van and from Rawanduz to Sinjar at its peak.^[3] The first governors of Bohtan, were from the Azizan family, who originally followed Yezidism^[4][5] later converted to Sunni Islam^[5] and were related to the Governors of the Principality of Bitlis.^[6] Following their role in the Ottoman defeat of the Safavids in the Battle of Çaldiran in 1514,^[6] Bohtan was granted the status of a Hükümet, and it became a hereditary Kurdish principality within the Ottoman Empire.^[7]

An important governor of the Bohtan was Bedir Khan Bey, who succeeded Mir Seyfeddin.^[8] Bedir Khan Bey was Mîr of the principality between 1821 and 1847.^[3] He reformed the military forces in establishing an elite force consistent with members of the several tribes within the emirate^{[9] [10]}which brought security into Bohtan.^[11] According to European diplomats in the region, he even tested if the regional chief was observant enough.^[11] He would try to raid a tribe by night, and if he succeeded he would punish the tribal chief in whose territory the robbery was successful.^[11] He then returned what he had robbed the night before.^[11]

The security standard in Bohtan was such, that it encouraged the population of neighboring provinces to move into the territory under Bedir Khans control.

• List of Kurdish dynasties and countries

References