Bolivian Spanish
Bolivian Spanish | |
---|---|
Español boliviano | |
Pronunciation | [espaˈɲol βoliˈβjano] |
Native to | Bolivia |
Native speakers | 4.1 million (2014)[1] 4.5 million in Bolivia (2014) |
Indo-European
| |
Official status | |
Official language in | Bolivia |
Recognised minority language in | |
Regulated by | Academia Boliviana de la Lengua |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-1 | es |
ISO 639-2 | spa[2] |
ISO 639-3 | – |
Glottolog | None |
IETF | es-BO |
Bolivian Spanish (or Castilian) is the variety of Spanish spoken by the majority of the population in Bolivia, either as a mother tongue or as a second language. Within the Spanish of Bolivia there are different regional varieties. In the border areas, Bolivia shares dialectal features with the neighboring countries.
Throughout Bolivia the preservation of phonemic contrast between /ʝ/ and the
Dialects
Andean Spanish
Camba Spanish
This variety of Spanish is spoken on the Chaco-Beni plain and in the Santa Cruz valleys, a region that includes the departments of
This dialect is characterized by the debuccalization ("aspiration") of final /s/. For example, the word pues is pronounced [pweh]. For the second-person-singular pronoun and verb forms, the use of "voseo" is dominant. The use of diminutive -ingo and the augmentative -ango is unique to this dialect. For example: chiquitingo ("very small") and grandango ("very large").
Loanwords from Chiquitano or from an extinct variety close to Chiquitano include bi 'genipa', masi 'squirrel', peni 'lizard', peta 'turtle, tortoise', jachi 'chicha leftover', jichi 'worm; jichi spirit', among many others.[9]
Chapaco Spanish
This dialect is spoken mainly in the valleys and the Gran Chaco of the department of Tarija, but also in the region of Villa Abecia and Camargo (in the department of Chuquisaca), in the province of Sud Chichas (capital Tupiza), and in the Chaco regions of Chuquisaca and Santa Cruz.
The second-person-singular voseo is in full use in Tupiza, in the west of Tarija, and in the rest of the aforementioned areas.
The Chapaco accent has an intonation similar to that of Jujuy, Salta, and Tucumán in Argentina, as the territory where it was originally spoken is now located in the
Valluno Spanish
This variety is spoken in the departments of
Tuteo and voseo
Because many institutions and companies use "tú" and the "tuteante" verb forms for the familiar second-person singular, it is common to encounter the erroneous statement that "tuteo" rather than "voseo" is the usual form in the speech of Bolivia.
Similarities
This chart shows the similarities between the dialects of Spanish spoken in Bolivia and those spoken in its neighboring Spanish-speaking countries Argentina, Chile, Peru, and Paraguay, as well as Portuguese spoken in neighboring Brazil.
Bolivia | Argentina |
Chile | Peru | Paraguay | Brazil | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
apricot | damasco | damasco | damasco | albaricoque | damasco | damasco |
avocado | palta | palta | palta | palta | aguacate | abacate |
banana | plátano | banana | plátano | plátano | banana | banana |
bell pepper | pimiento | morrón | pimiento | pimiento | locote | pimentão |
bleach | lavandina | lavandina | cloro | lejía | lavandina | água sanitária |
bra | sostén | corpiño | sostén | sostén | corpiño | sutiã |
butter | mantequilla | manteca | mantequilla | mantequilla | manteca | manteiga |
car | auto | auto | auto | auto | auto | carro |
clothes hanger | percha | percha | colgador | colgador | percha | cabide |
clothespin | pinza | broche | pinza | gancho | pinza | prendedor |
computer | computadora | computadora | computador | computadora | computadora | computador |
corn on the cob | choclo | choclo | choclo | choclo | choclo | espiga de milho |
gasoline | gasolina | nafta | bencina | gasolina | nafta | gasolina |
grapefruit | pomelo | pomelo | pomelo | toronja | pomelo | toranja |
green bean | vainita | chaucha | poroto verde | vainita | chaucha | vagem |
kitchen stove | cocina | cocina | cocina | cocina | cocina | fogão |
panties | calzón | bombacha | calzón | calzón | bombacha | calcinha |
pea | arveja | arveja | arveja | arveja | arveja | ervilha |
peach | durazno | durazno | durazno | durazno | durazno | pêssego |
peanut | maní | maní | maní | maní | maní | amendoim |
popcorn | pipocas | pochoclo | cabritas | pop corn | pororó | pipoca |
skirt | falda | pollera | falda | falda | pollera | saia |
sneakers | tenis | zapatillas | zapatillas | zapatillas | championes | tênis |
soft drink | gaseosa | gaseosa | bebida | gaseosa | gaseosa | refrigerante |
soy |
soya | soja | soya | soya | soja | soja |
straw[I] | bombilla | pajita | bombilla | sorbete | pajita | canudo |
strawberry | frutilla | frutilla | frutilla | fresa | frutilla | morango |
sweet potato | camote | batata | camote | camote | batata | batata doce |
swimming pool | piscina | pileta | piscina | piscina | pileta | piscina |
t-shirt | polera | remera | polera | polo | remera | camiseta |
washing machine | lavadora | lavarropas | lavadora | lavadora | lavarropas | lavadora |
- ^ Refers to the instrument used for drinking.
References
This article needs additional citations for verification. (October 2015) |
- ^ Spanish → Bolivia at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
- ^ "ISO 639-2 Language Code search". Library of Congress. Retrieved 21 September 2017.
- ^ Canfield 1981:28
- ^ a b c Lipski 1994:188
- ^ a b Canfield 1981:29
- ^ Lipski 1994:189
- ^ Canfield 1981:29–30
- ^ a b Coimbra Sanz
- .
Bibliography
- Canfield, D. Lincoln (1981), Spanish Pronunciation in the Americas, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
- Coimbra Sanz, Germán (1992), El castellano de Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia: Parva Editores
- Lipski, John M. (1994), Latin American Spanish, London: Longman
External links
- Languages of Bolivia (Radboud University of Nijmegen) Archived 2018-11-12 at the Wayback Machine