Bolus (medicine)

In medicine, a bolus (from

subcutaneously, or by inhalation.^{[clarification needed]} The article on routes of administration

provides more information, as the preceding list of ROAs is not exhaustive.

Placement

The placement of the bolus dose depends on the systemic levels of the contents desired throughout the body. An intramuscular injection of vaccines allows for a slow release of the antigen to stimulate the body's immune system and to allow time for developing antibodies. Subcutaneous injections are used by heroin addicts (called 'skin popping', referring to the bump formed by the bolus of heroin), to sustain a slow release that staves off withdrawal symptoms without producing euphoria.^[2]

A bolus delivered directly to the veins through an intravenous drip allows a much faster delivery which quickly raises the concentration of the substance in the blood to an effective level. This is typically done at the beginning of a treatment or after a removal of medicine from blood (e.g. through dialysis).

Diabetes

basal rate, which is a dose of slow-acting insulin or the continuous pumping of a small quantity of fast-acting insulin to cover the glucose output of the liver).^[3]

Veterinary medicine

In

subcutaneously with a hypodermic needle, such as saline solution administered either to counteract dehydration or especially to mitigate kidney failure, a common ailment in domestic cats. Before it is fully absorbed, which can take several minutes or longer, the liquid remains in the form of a bolus, a ball or lump under the animal's skin

.

Radiation therapy

In radiation therapy, bolus is a waxy tissue equivalent material placed on the skin surface to homogenize or modulate the range of the dose from external beams of radiation.

References

^ "intravenous bolus". Farlex dictionary, in turn citing Mosby's Medical Dictionary, 9th edition. Retrieved 2017-07-30.
^ "HIV/AIDS Program: Muscling and skin popping". Seattle and King County Public Health Department. 2003-11-19. Archived from the original on 2002-06-12. Retrieved 2007-10-30.
^ "Insulin Pump Terminology". 2007. Archived from the original on 2007-07-06. Retrieved 2007-07-13.

[1] "intravenous bolus". Farlex dictionary, in turn citing Mosby's Medical Dictionary, 9th edition. Retrieved 2017-07-30.

[2] "HIV/AIDS Program: Muscling and skin popping". Seattle and King County Public Health Department. 2003-11-19. Archived from the original on 2002-06-12. Retrieved 2007-10-30.

[3] "Insulin Pump Terminology". 2007. Archived from the original on 2007-07-06. Retrieved 2007-07-13.

[2]

[3]

Skin	Intradermal Subcutaneous Injector pen Transdermal implant	Organs	Intracavernous Intravitreal Intra-articular
Central nervous system	Intracerebral Intrathecal Epidural
Circulatory, musculoskeletal	Intravenous Intracardiac Intramuscular Intraosseous Intraperitoneal Nanocell injection Patient-controlled analgesia pump PIC line