Bolyu language
Bolyu | |
---|---|
Pronunciation | pɔ33 lju13 |
Native to | Longlin County, Guangxi |
Ethnicity | Bolyu 1,800 (2007)[1] |
Native speakers | 500 (2007)[1] |
| |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 | ply |
Glottolog | boly1239 |
ELP | Bolyu |
The Bolyu language (
autonym: pɔ33 lju13; Chinese: 巴琉语, 布流语; also known as Paliu, Palyu, or Lai 俫语, 徕语) is an Austroasiatic language of the Pakanic branch.[2]
Classification
Bolyu is related to the
Mang is excluded as yet another separate branch of Austroasiatic.[4]
Distribution
Bolyu speakers are found in the following locations in
- Douhong 斗烘屯, Xinhe 新合村, Changfa township 长发, Longlin County, Guangxi (often living with Gelao neighbors). Also spoken in the nearby townships of Kechang 克长, De'e 德峨, and Changme 长么.[8]
- Xinhe 新合村 - Datiezhai 打铁寨, Changfajie 长发街: 50 speakers
- Xinhua 新华村 - Luowan 罗湾: 300; Kabao 卡保, Renshang 仁上: 160 speakers
- Villages with only Bolyu people: Muzi 亩子, Dazhai 大寨, Xiaozhai 小寨
- Guosha/Hengsha 过沙/亨沙, Wenya 文雅村, Puhe Miao Autonomous Township 普合苗族自治乡, Xilin County, Guangxi. Also spoken in Naya 那牙, Badahe Township 八大河乡.[8] 230 speakers total.
Li (1999) documents the Bolyu variety of Muzitun 亩子屯, Xinhe Village 新合村, Changfa Township 长发乡,
Longlin County, Guangxi
.
In the following villages, only elderly speakers of Bolyu remain.
- Zhelang township 者浪乡: Zhezhai 者寨, Langrong 郎荣, Linghao 岭好
- Kechang township 克场乡: Haichang 海长
- Shechang township 蛇场乡: Daguo 达果
1,400 Bolyu reside in Guangxi, and over 1,000 in Yunnan.[8]
Phonology
Bolyu is a monosyllabic tonal language like the surrounding
Tai–Kadai, Hmong-Mien and even Vietic languages
. Unlike Bugan, Bolyu does not have a tense–lax voice quality distinction.
Initial consonants
Labial Alveolar Alveolo-
palatalVelar Uvular Glottal plain pal. vel. plain pal. sib. plain pal. lab. plain pal. Nasalm mʲ nŋ Plosive/ voiceless p pʲ ttʲ t͡s tɕ k kʲ kʷ q ʔ aspirated pʰ pʰʲ tʰ tʰʲ t͡sʰ tɕʰ kʰ qʰ prenasalized ᵐb ᵐbʲ ⁿd Fricative v vʲ vˠ ɬɬʲ s ɕ ɣ ɣʲ h hʲ Approximant llʲ j w
Vowels
Front | Central | Back | |
---|---|---|---|
Close | i | u | |
Close-mid | e | ə | o |
Open-mid | ɛ | ɔ | |
Open | a |
There are seven vowels in Bolyu:[10] /a, e, ə, i, o, ɔ, u/.
Tones
Bolyu has a total of six tones.[11]
Tone number | Tone letter |
Pitch value |
---|---|---|
1 | ˥ | 55 |
2 | ˧ | 33 |
3 | ˩ | 11 |
4 | ˥˧ | 53 |
5 | ˧˩ | 31 |
6 | ˩˧ | 13 |
References
- ^ a b Bolyu at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
- ^ Sidwell (1995)
- ^ Van Driem, George (2007). "Austroasiatic Phylogeny and the Austroasiatic Homeland in Light of Recent Population Genetic Studies" (PDF). Mon-Khmer Studies. 37: 1–14. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-08-09. Retrieved 2011-02-26.
- ^ Sidwell, Paul. 2015. "Austroasiatic classification." In Jenny, Mathias and Paul Sidwell, eds (2015). The Handbook of Austroasiatic Languages. Leiden: Brill.
- ^ Edmondson (1995)
- ^ 俫语使用人口稳定增长原因探究
- ^ Li (1999)
- ^ a b c Guangxi Minority Languages Orthography Committee (2008). Guǎngxī mínzú yǔyán fāng yīn cíhuì 广西民族语言方音词汇 [Vocabularies of Guangxi Ethnic Languages] (in Chinese). Beijing: Minzu chubanshe.
- ^ Sidwell (1995)
- ^ Edmondson (1995)
- ^ Edmondson (1995)
- Li, Xulian 李旭练 (1999). Láiyǔ yánjiū 倈语硏究 [A Study of Lai (Bolyu)] (in Chinese). Beijing: Zhongyang minzu daxue chubanshe.
- Benedict, Paul K. (1990). "How to Tell Lai: An Exercise in Classification" (PDF). Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area. 13 (2): 1–26.
- Edmondson, Jerold A. (1995). "English-Bolyu Glossary" (PDF). Mon–Khmer Studies. 24: 133–159.
- Edmondson, Jerold A.; Gregerson, Kenneth J. (1996). "Bolyu Tone in Vietic Perspective" (PDF). Mon–Khmer Studies. 26: 117–133.
- Sidwell, Paul (1995). "Bolyu is a Mon–khmer Language: Even if Benedict Says So!". La Trobe Working Papers in Linguistics. 8. hdl:1959.9/538289.
- Jiang, Jun 蒋俊 (2005). Cūnluò shìyě zhōng de zúqún yǔ mínzú: Guānyú lái rén de tiányě yánjiū 村落视野中的族群与民族:关于俫人的田野研究 [Ethnic Group and Nation in the Village Vision: Field Research About Lai People] (M.A. thesis) (in Chinese). Guangxi shifan daxue. Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2012-10-10. http://www.docin.com/p-380721709.html
- 俫语使用人口稳定增长原因探究. In 中国少数民族语言使用现状及其演变研究.
- Qin, Xiaohang; Li, Fanglan (2011). "The Status Quo and Trend of Language Use by Lai People" (PDF). Mon-Khmer Studies. 40: 107–115. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-06-26.