Bombay Presidency
This article needs additional citations for verification. (July 2010) |
Presidency of Bombay 1662–1935 Province of Bombay 1935–1950 | |||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1662–1950 | |||||||||||||||
Bombay | |||||||||||||||
Governor | |||||||||||||||
• 1662–1664 (first) | Abraham Shipman | ||||||||||||||
• 1943–1947 (last) | Sir John Colville | ||||||||||||||
Premier | |||||||||||||||
• 1937–1939 (first) | B. G. Kher | ||||||||||||||
• 1939–1946 | Governor's rule | ||||||||||||||
• 1946–1950 (last) | B. G. Kher | ||||||||||||||
Historical era | Independence of India | 1947 | |||||||||||||
• Bombay Province becomes Bombay State | 1950 | ||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||
public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Bombay Presidency". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. This article incorporates text from a publication now in the |
Colonial India | ||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
||||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||||
The Bombay Presidency or Bombay Province, also called Bombay and Sind (1843–1936), was an
The Bombay province has its beginnings in the city of Bombay that was leased in
At its greatest extent, the Bombay Province comprised the present-day state of
Origins
Early history
The first
Territorial expansion
During the 18th century, the
acknowledged British sovereignty.History
Expansion
In 1803, the Bombay Presidency included only
The period that followed is notable mainly for the enlargement of the Presidency through the lapse of certain native states, by the addition of
Victorian era
In 1859, under the terms of the Queen's Proclamation issued by Queen Victoria, the Bombay Presidency, along with the rest of British India, came under the direct rule of the British Crown.[4]
The establishment of an orderly administration, one outcome of which was a general fall of prices that made the unwonted regularity of the collection of taxes doubly unwelcome, naturally excited a certain amount of misgiving and resentment; but on the whole the population was prosperous and contented, and under Lord Elphinstone (1853–1860) the presidency passed through the crisis of the
During this period, parts of Bombay presidency were devastated by two great famines:
Dyarchy (1920–37)
British India's
In 1932,
Provincial Autonomy
The
Minister | Portfolio |
---|---|
Dhanjishah Cooper | Chief Minister, Home & General |
Jamnadas Mehta | Revenue & Finance |
Siddappa Kambli | Education, Excise & Agriculture |
Hoosenaly Rahimtoola
|
Local Self-government |
The Cooper ministry did not last long and a Congress ministry under B. G. Kher was sworn in.
Council of Ministers in Kher's Cabinet:[12][13]
Minister | Portfolio |
---|---|
B. G. Kher | Premier, Political & Services, Education and Labour |
K. M. Munshi
|
Home & Legal |
Anna Babaji Latthe | Finance |
Morarji Desai | Revenue, Agriculture, Forests and Cooperatives |
Manchersha Dhanjibhoy Gilder | Public Health and Excise[14] |
Mahmad Yasin Nurie | Public Works[15] |
Laxman Madhav Patil | Industries and Local Self-Government |
In 1939, all of the Congress ministries in British Indian provinces resigned and Bombay was placed under the Governor's rule.
Last days of British rule
After the end of World War II, the Indian National Congress re-entered politics and won the 1946 election under the leadership of Kher who was again elected as Chief Minister. The Bombay Presidency became Bombay State when India was granted independence on 15 August 1947 and Kher continued as the Chief Minister of the state, serving until 1952.
After independence
In 1947, Bombay Province became part of the
Geography
The Bombay Presidency was bounded on the north by
Demographics
The Bombay Presidency had a large and diverse population. The census of 1901 gave a total of 25,468,209. By religion the population was 19,916,438
In
The chief languages of the province were
(30,000) dialects.Administration
The Presidency was divided into four Commisserates and twenty-four districts with
Division | Divisional Headquarters | Districts | Princely states |
---|---|---|---|
Sind | Karachi | Upper Sind Frontier
|
Khairpur |
Northern Division | Ahmedabad | Surat
|
Princely states of the Baroda and Gujarat States Agency and the Western India States Agency |
Central Division | Poona | Sholapur, Thana
|
Deccan States Agency |
Southern Division | Dharwad | North Kanara
|
The government of Bombay was administered by a
Each of the four divisions were administered by a senior Indian Civil Service (ICS) officer of the rank of Commissioner while the districts were each administered by a District Collector (officially styled, Deputy Commissioner). The districts were further divided into sub-divisions each under the charge of a Deputy Collector or Assistant Collector, each sub-division comprising a few
Military
The
Under
Agriculture
The overwhelming majority of the population of the Bombay Presidency was rural and engaged in agriculture. The staple crops were
Industry
The chief industries of Bombay Presidency involved the milling of cotton. In the late 19th century steam mills sprang up in Bombay,
Transportation
The Province was well supplied with railways, all of which, with one exception, concentrated at
Education
The
Film industry
The film production era is said to have commenced in Bombay from 1913 when the first film,
Other producers at Bombay during the presidency era were
Residencies
Outside the Presidency, numerous small states
The native states eventually comprised some 353 separate units, administered internally by their own princes, with the British responsible for their external affairs. Relations between British India and the states were managed by British agents placed at the principal native capitals; their exact status varied in the different states according to the relations in which the principalities stood with the paramount power.
The principal groups of states were
See also
- Bombay Army
- Cowaszee Nanabhoy Davar
- List of governors of Bombay
- Portuguese Bombay and Bassein
- Advocate-General of Bombay
- High Court of Bombay
- History of Tharparkar
- Bengal Presidency
- Madras Presidency
Notes
1. ^ A regiment made up of European soldiers.
References
- ISBN 9781861891846– via Google Books.
- ISBN 978-0-8377-3125-4. Retrieved 15 September 2012.
- ISBN 978-1-4390-8475-5. Retrieved 16 April 2012.
- ISBN 0-00-638843-4.
- ^ Romesh Chunder Dutt, p10
- ISBN 9788185538006.
- ISBN 9788185538006.
- ^ Reed, Stanley (1937). The Times of India Directory and Year Book Including Who's who. Bennett, Coleman & Company.
- ^ Social reforms savarkar.org Archived 2014-09-28 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "The Bombay Ministers". The Indian Express. 31 March 1937. Retrieved 9 October 2013.
- ^ "New Ministries for Other Provinces". The Indian Express. 2 April 1937. Retrieved 9 October 2013.
- ^ Kamat, M. V. (1989). B.G. Kher, the gentleman premier. Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan. p. 251.
- ^ Indian Annual Register, Volume 1. Annual Register Office. 1939.
- ^ "Kamat Research Database – M.D. Gilder".
- ^ "Kamat Research Database – N.Y. Nurie".
- ISBN 978-81-7991-293-5. Retrieved 16 April 2012.
- ^ Bombay City, Univ (1869). The Bombay University Calendar for the year 1869–70. p. 41. Retrieved 16 April 2012.
- ^ Great Britain. India Office. Educational Dept; India (1854). East India (education): bound collection of parliamentary papers dealing with education in India from 1854 to 1866. s.n. p. 166. Retrieved 16 April 2012.
- ISBN 978-81-8324-349-0. Retrieved 16 April 2012.
- ^ Overview The New York Times.
- ^ Cybertech. "Hall of Fame : Tribute : Dadasaheb Phalke". Nashik.com. Archived from the original on 25 January 2012. Retrieved 16 April 2012.
- ^ Bawden, L.-A., ed. (1976) The Oxford Companion to Film. London: Oxford University Press; p. 350
- Attribution
- public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Bombay Presidency". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 185–190. This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
Bibliography
- Handbook of the Bombay Presidency: With an account of Bombay city. John Murray, London. 1881.
- The Bombay University Calendar for the Year 1880-81. Thacker & Co., Bombay. 1880.
- James Douglas (1900). Glimpses of old Bombay and western India, with other papers. Sampson Low, Marston & Co., London.
External links
- View historical, early 20th century, photographs of Bombay at the University of Houston Digital Library
- Coins of the Bombay Presidency