Organised crime in India
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Organised crime in India refers to
Mumbai underworld
Mumbai, Maharashtra is both the biggest city in and financial capital of India. Over a period of time, the Mumbai underworld has been dominated by several different groups and mobsters.
1940s–1980s
The powerful trio of Haji Mastan, Varadarajan Mudaliar, and Karim Lala enjoyed backing from their communities.
Haji Mastan, originally known as Mastan Haider Mirza, was a Bombay-based
Varadarajan Mudaliar, popularly known as Vardha Bhai, was a Bombay-based ethnic
Karim Lala and his family members' groups operated in the Bombay docks. They were often called "
1980s–present
Arun Gawli's gang is based at Dagdi Chawl in Byculla, Mumbai. Gawali started his criminal activities there and used the rooms there for keeping kidnapped persons, torturing them, extorting money from them, and murdering them. The police raided the premises several times and finally broke his operations. He has been arrested several times for criminal activities and detained for long periods during a trial. However, he could not be convicted in most of the cases as witnesses would not depose against him for fear. He was finally convicted for the murder of Shiv Sena politician Kamalakar Jamsandekar by a court in August 2012. Gawli and eleven others were found guilty of Jamsandekar's murder.[25]
Dacoity
Dacoity is a term used for "
Thuggee
Thuggee were crimes carried out by organized gangs of robbers and murderers which operated in the northern and eastern parts of the Indian subcontinent.[27] Thugs were gangs of highway robbers, who tricked and strangled their victims with a handkerchief or noose.[28] They would then rob and bury their victims. Sometimes they mutilated the corpses of their victims to avoid detection.[29] The leader of a gang was called a 'jemadar'. The usage of military ranks like 'jemadar', 'subedar' and 'private' suggests that these gangs had military links.[29] Although strangulation was their main method of murder, they also used blades and poison.[30] The thugs comprised some who had inherited thuggee as a family vocation, and others who were forced to turn to it out of necessity.[30] The leadership of many of the groups tended to be hereditary with family members sometimes serving together in the same band. Such Thugs were known as aseel.[31] Not all thugs were trained by their family but rather by experienced thugs called 'guru'.[32] While they usually kept their acts a secret, female thugs also existed and were called baronee in Ramasee, while an important male Thug was called baroo.[33]
Thugs considered themselves to be the children of
Andhra Pradesh factionalism
There are families with
Organised crime in Goa
Several local Indian,
Organised crime in Punjab
There has been a spurt in the formation and activities of such criminal gangs in Punjab over the last decade even though some gangs, associated with those based in
Chaddi Baniyan Gangs
The Chaddi Baniyan Gangs (also known as the Kachcha Baniyan Gangs) are criminal groups operating in parts of India.[40] Gang members perform attacks while wearing only their underwear, which is the source of their name (in the local languages, chaddi, or kachcha are underpants and baniyan is undershirts). In addition to wearing undergarments, members wear face masks and cover themselves in oil or mud to protect their identities.[41]
The gangs tend to move in groups of 5-10 people,[42] and wear a kurta and lungi. During the day, they gather at transport hubs or disused urban spaces. They conceal themselves as beggars or common labourers to identify potential houses to rob. Before moving on to a different town, the gangs attempt to steal from multiple homes.[42]
Gang members tie up family members, during robberies, and murder anyone who resists. They often arm themselves with rods, axes, knives, and firearms. When they rob a house, they sometimes eat and leave their excrements. The gang members often rent cars to get around,[43] and are suspected of robbing temples.[44]
Kala Kachcha Gangs
Kala Kachcha Gangs (also known as Kale-Kachchewale or Kale Kachche Gangs) refers to certain organized criminal gangs in Punjab, India. The Kala Kachcha gang members are robbers and dacoits, who don police uniform or 'Kale Kachche' (black underpants)[45] to evade detection. They put grease on their body as lubricant.
There are many such gangs suspected to be active in Punjab. They usually target families living at isolated places in the countryside and always thrash their victims before robbing them. They sometimes rape the victims they rob. In 2014, the Mohali police busted one such gang who allegedly carried out a spate of dacoities in the district in June and July. Twelve of them were arrested while planning another dacoity in an abandoned factory.
Activities
India is a major transit point for heroin from the
Popular culture
In the
Dacoit films
The dacoit film was a genre of Indian cinema that began with
Examples of the genre:
- Aurat (1940)
- Mother India (1957)
- Gunga Jumna (1961)
- Sholay (1975)
- Bandit Queen (1994)
- Theeran Adhigaaram Ondru (2017)
Thuggee films
Mumbai underworld films
In the early 1970s, a new genre of Indian crime films and gangster films arose, set in urban India: Bombay underworld films, later called Mumbai underworld films. These films are often inspired by real Mumbai underworld gangsters, such as Haji Mastan, Dawood Ibrahim and D-Company. These films are often set around Mumbai slums such as Dharavi or Juhu, and gangsters in these films often speak with a Tapori or Bombay Hindi street dialect.
The genre was pioneered by screenwriter duo
By the mid-1970s, gritty, violent crime films and action films about gangsters (Bombay underworld) as well as bandits (dacoits) had become popular. The writing of Salim-Javed and acting of Amitabh Bachchan popularized the trend, with films such as Zanjeer and particularly Deewaar, a crime film inspired by Gunga Jumna[48] that pitted "a policeman against his brother, a gang leader based on real-life smuggler Haji Mastan" portrayed by Bachchan; Deewaar was described as being "absolutely key to Indian cinema" by Danny Boyle.[55] Along with Bachchan, other actors that rode the crest of this trend include Feroz Khan.[56]
The popular crime films written by Salim-Javed and starring Amitabh Bachchan reflected the
Later milestones in the genre include
The genre later inspired the film
Examples of the Mumbai underworld film genre:
- Zanjeer (1973)
- Deewaar (1975)
- Don franchise (1978–2012)
- Nayakan (1986)
- Salaam Bombay! (1988)
- Aryan (1988)
- Parinda (1989)
- Abhimanyu (1991)
- Baashha (1995)
- Satya (1998)
- Company (2002)
- Black Friday (2004)
- Shootout at Lokhandwala (2007)
- Slumdog Millionaire (2008), a film inspired by Mumbai underworld films from Indian cinema
- Once Upon a Time in Mumbaai (2010) and Once Upon ay Time in Mumbai Dobaara! (2013)
- Businessman (2012)
- Manohar Arjun Surve(Manya Surve)
- Thalaivaa (2013)
- Raees (2017)
- Sacred Games (2018), a Netflix-produced television series based on the Mumbai underworld
- K.G.F: Chapter 2(2021)
- Bandra (2023)
- OG (upcoming)
Mafia Raj films
- Gangs of Wasseypur(film series)
- Amaran (1992)
Andhra Pradesh factionalism films
- Antahpuram(1998)
- Samarasimha Reddy (1999) Narsimha naydu (2001)
- Indra (2002 film) (2002)
- Rakta Charitra (2010)
- Maryada Ramanna (2010)
- Aravinda Sametha Veera Raghava (2018)
Chaddi Baniyan Gang
- Delhi Crime (2022)
See also
- Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI)
- Crime in India
- Dacoity
- Goonda
- Indo-Canadian organised crime
- Mafia Raj
- Mumbai Police Detection Unit
- Terrorist and Disruptive Activities (Prevention) Act
- Thuggee
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