Bond event

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Global temperature fluctuations, c. 10,000 BC to present

Bond events are

North Atlantic ice rafting events that are tentatively linked to climate fluctuations in the Holocene. Eight such events have been identified. Bond events were previously believed to exhibit a roughly c. 1,500-year cycle, but the primary period of variability is now put at c. 1,000 years.[1][2]

petrologic tracers of drift ice in the North Atlantic.[1][3] However, more recent work at a single site suggested that these tracers did not provide sufficient support for 1,500-year intervals of climate change, and suggested that the reported c. 1,500 ± 500-year period was a statistical artifact.[2]

Furthermore, following publication of the Greenland Ice Core Chronology 2005 (GICC05)

ice-rafting events happen to correlate with episodes of lowered lake levels in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States,[7] the weakest[clarification needed] events of the Asian monsoon for at least the past 9,000 years,[8][9] and also correlate with most aridification events in the Middle East for the past 55,000 years (both Heinrich and Bond events).[10][11]

List

Overview of Bond events

Most Bond events do not have a clear climate signal; some correspond to periods of cooling, but others are coincident with aridification in some regions. Gap between events has been estimated to be 1,000-1,500 years[2][1] with Bond event # 4 as an outlying data point.

No Time
(BP) 		Time
(AD, BC) 		Gap from previous event Notes
0 ≈ −0.5
ka
 		≈ 1500 AD 900 years See Little Ice Age[12]
1 ≈ −1.4 ka ≈ 600 AD 1400 years See Migration Period[12] and Late Antique Little Ice Age
2 ≈ −2.8 ka ≈ 800 BC 1400 years See Iron Age Cold Epoch
3 ≈ −4.2 ka ≈ 2200 BC 1700 years See 4.2-kiloyear event; collapse of the Akkadian Empire and the end of the Egyptian Old Kingdom.[13][14]
4 ≈ −5.9 ka ≈ 3900 BC 2300 years
Neolithic Subpluvial. Piora Oscillation. Early Bronze Age
begins ~3300 BC.
5 ≈ −8.2 ka ≈ 6200 BC 1200 years See 8.2-kiloyear event
6 ≈ −9.4 ka ≈ 7400 BC 1100 years Erdalen event of glacier activity in Norway,[15] as well as a cold event in China.[16]
7 ≈ −10.3 ka ≈ 8300 BC 800 years
8 ≈ −11.1 ka ≈ 9100 BC --- Transition from the Younger Dryas to the Boreal.[17]

Influence in regional climate

Holocene 18O and deuterium derived from ice records in Sajama, Huascarán and Illimani. Arrows showing the temperature drops that could be related to Bond events.

Bond events have been detected in remote regions such as the central Andes of South America.[18]

Up to six Bond cycles during the upper and middle

Nevado Illimani
. The detected cycles were at 6400 years Before Present, 5500 years B.P., 3700 years B.P., 2700 years B.P., 1300 years B.P. and 200 years B.P. and represented temperature drops.

See also

References

  1. ^
    S2CID 38179371
    .
  2. ^
    doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2012.08.008
    .
  3. S2CID 28963043. Archived from the original
    (PDF) on 2008-02-27.
  4. doi:10.5194/cp-4-47-2008
    .
  5. doi:10.5194/cp-3-129-2007
    .
  6. doi:10.1016/j.quageo.2013.09.001
    .
  7. S2CID 2206358
    .
  8. S2CID 4304234
    .
  9. S2CID 54532439
    .
  10. doi:10.1130/0091-7613(2003)031<0439:CAEITE>2.0.CO;2
    .
  11. S2CID 140158532
    .
  12. ^
    doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2012.01.012
    .
  13. PMID 17739611
    .
  14. S2CID 53571037
    .
  15. S2CID 128539563
    .
  16. ^ Zhou Jing; Wang Sumin; Yang Guishan; Xiao Haifeng (2007). "Younger Dryas Event and Cold Events in Early-Mid Holocene: Record from the sediment of Erhai Lake" (PDF). Advances in Climate Change Research. 3 (Suppl): 1673–1719. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-07-06.
  17. doi:10.1191/030913303767888482
    .
  18. ^ Fernández - Sánchez, Adrián; Martín - Chivelet, Javier (2016). "A Revisión de la estratigrafía del d18O en sondeos de hielo de glaciares en los Andes Centrales: Implicaciones para la variabilidad climática del Holoceno". Geotemas. Journal of the Geological Society of Spain. 16: 565–568.
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