Boraginales

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Boraginales
Echium vulgare
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Clade: Lamiids
Order: Boraginales
Bercht. & J.Presl
Families
List[1]
  • s.str.
  • Codonaceae
  • Coldeniaceae
  • Cordiaceae
  • Ehretiaceae
  • Heliotropiaceae
  • Hoplestigmataceae
  • Hydrophyllaceae
  • Lennoaceae
  • Namaceae
  • Wellstediaceae

Boraginales is an

lianas
(vines) have a worldwide distribution.

Taxonomy

History

The classification of plants now known as Boraginales dates to the Genera plantarum (1789) when

botanical authority is given as Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl, where the ex refers to the prior authority of Jussieu. Lindley (1853) changed the name to the modern Boraginaceae.[3]

Jussieu divided the Boragineae into five groups.[4][5] Since then Boraginaceae has been treated either as a large family with several subfamilies, or as a smaller family with several closely related families.[6] The family had been included in a number of higher order taxa, but in 1926 Hutchinson erected a new order, Boraginales, to include the Boraginaceae.

Although Boraginales was included in a number of taxonomic

Hydrophyllaceae was placed in Solanales
.

The APG system took a broad view of Boraginaceae (Boraginaceae

In the 2016

monophyletic group further.[10] (For a complete discussion of the history of the taxonomy of Boraginales, see BWG (2016)
)

Boraginales Working Group

Following the publication of APG IV, a collaborative group along similar lines to the APG, the Boraginales Working Group,

Codonaceae
and

The

Lennoaceae, but it is now known that they form a clade that is nested within Ehretiaceae.[15] Some studies have indicated that Hydrophyllaceae is paraphyletic if the tribe Nameae is included within it, but further studies will be needed to resolve this issue.[9]

The inclusion of the genus

closest relative
of Cordiaceae and it has been recommended that the latter be expanded to include it.

Hydrolea was thought to belong in Hydrophyllaceae for more than a century after it was placed there by Asa Gray, but it is now known to belong in the order Solanales as sister to Sphenoclea.[9]

molecular evidence strongly supports it as sister to Gelsemiaceae,[9] and that family has been expanded to include it.[16]

References

Bibliography

Historical sources

External links