Border Service of the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation
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Border Service of the FSB of the Russian Federation Пограничная служба Федеральной службы безопасности Российской Федерации | |
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Federal Security Service (Russia) | |
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The Border Service of the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation (PS FSB Rossii) (
The terms Border Service of Russia (Russian: Пограничная служба России) and Border Force of Russia (Russian: Пограничные войска России) are also common, while in English, the terms "Border Guards" and "Border Troops" are frequently used to designate this service. The Border Service numbers around 170,000 active members,
History
Tsarist and Imperial Russia
One can trace the origin of the Russian border service to 1571 and the work of Prince
Count Sergei Witte, the Russian Minister of Finance (1892–1903) in the government of Alexander III (reigned 1881–1894), reformed the service on 13 October 1893 into the Independent Border Guards Corps (IBGC – a para-military rather than a civilian organization) headed by an army general and reporting directly to the ministry.
In 1906 about 40,000 soldiers and officers served in the IBGC – maintaining the defence of the lengthy Imperial border. They served in 8 division-sized districts as well as in the Saint Petersburg headquarters unit.
Soviet period
Soviet Border Troops, (
Modern period
Following the collapse of the
In April 2012 Vladimir Pronichev announced that the country was planning to build 20 frontier posts in the Arctic region. Reasons for this development can be found in the increased abilities to explore hydrocarbon deposits in the north. It will also give Russia an ability to patrol and service the Northern Sea Route.[2]
In July 2014
Mission
Responsibilities of the Border Service of Russia include:
- Defence of the Russian national border, prevention of illegal crossing of the land and sea border by people and goods (smuggling).
- Protection of economic interests of the Russian Federation and its natural resources within land and sea border areas, illegal fishing.
- Combat any threats to national security in the border area, including terrorism and foreign infiltration.
Organization
Command
- The head of the Border Service – General of the Army Vladimir Kulishov (deputy director of Russia's FSB)
- First Deputy Head of the Border Service – Lieutenant-General Vladimir Rozhkov
- First Deputy Head of the Border Service – the head of the Organizational Department, Colonel-General Mansur Masgutovich Valiev
- Deputy head of Russia's FSB Border Service – the chief international treaty management Lieutenant-General Alexander L. Manilov
- Deputy Chief of the Border Service – Lieutenant-General Victor Trofimovich Trufanov
- Deputy Chief of the Border Service – Maj. Gen. Alexander O. Mizon
- Deputy Chief of the Border Service – Maj. Gen. Nikolai Nikolaevich Rybalkin
- Deputy Chief of the Border Service – Lieutenant General Gennady Semenovich Simuhin
Old FPS structure
FPS of Russia, the Federal Border Service (Russian: Федеральная пограничная служба, romanized: Federal'naya pogranichnaya sluzhba), active from 30 December 1994 to 1 July 2003, was headed by a single centralized system, which included:
- Border control;
- Foreign intelligence corps;
- Operational entities engaged in intelligence, counter, operational investigative activities, to ensure its own security system;
- FPS Border Troops;
- Border guards and other organs of the Border Service, provided by federal law;
- Military educational institutions, vocational education,
- Companies, institutions, and organizations in Russia under the FPS, according to federal law.
Lineup
Changes in the regional structure of the Border Service, instead of ten regional border offices (see the old FPS structure) for the new scheme includes 7 regional border offices (in the federal districts) and 30 border offices in 2005. Includes the Coast Guard.
Regional border offices:
- FSB Regional Border Directorate of the Central Federal District
- FSB Regional Border Directorate of the Southern Federal District
- FSB Regional Border Directorate of the Ural Federal District
- FSB Regional Border Directorate of the Volga Federal District
- FSB Regional Border Directorate of the Siberian Federal District
- FSB Regional Border Directorate of the Northwestern Federal District
- FSB Regional Border Directorate of the Far Eastern Federal District
As adopted by presidential decree No. 457, dated April 23, 2001, the following educational institutions form part of the BS-FSS:
- Border Forces Academy of the BS-FSS
- Military Medical Institute, the Border Service of Russia's FSB in the Nizhny Novgorod State Medical Academy;
- Golitsynsky Military Institute of the Border Service;
- Kaliningrad Military Institute of the Border Service;
- Kurgan Military Institute of the Border Service;
- Moscow Border Institute of the FSB
- Khabarovsk Military Institute of the Border Service;
- The First Cadet Corps of the Border Service
Enterprises, institutions and organizations which are subordinate to the Border Service:
- Medical and health institutions;
- Repair plant;
- Parts logistics, technical, and other support.
Foreign operations
Armenia
The basis for the deployment of Russian border guards in Armenia is an interstate agreement concluded on September 30, 1992. The border department of the FSB of Russia in Armenia includes four border detachments: one in Gyumri, Armavir, Artashat and Meghri, as well as a separate checkpoint at the Zvartnots International Airport. The maintenance of about 4.5 thousand Russian border guards in Armenia is financed from the budgets of both states. Russian border guards also guard the borders of Armenia with Turkey and Iran.[6][7]
Tajikistan
From 1992 to 2005, there was a Group of Russian Border Troops in the Republic of Tajikistan. Border guards were repeatedly and credibly suspected of being involved in the drugs trade across the Tajik-Afghan border.[8] Senior officers arranged transfers by military aircraft.
Abkhazia
In
Russian Coast Guard
See also
- Border Security Zone of Russia
- Awards of the Federal Border Service of the Russian Federation
- Awards of the Border Guard Service of the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation
- Khabarovsk Border Institute of the FSB of the Russian Federation
Timeline
- The border and internal troops (Guard) VCHK-OGPU-NKVD-USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs.
- 29 September 1918 – The headquarters of the hull forces (internal security) VCHK.
- 1 April 1921 – The Office of troops VCHK-OGPU.
- 1 December 1922 – The headquarters of the troops OGPU.
- 3 October 1923 – Inspektsiya troops GPU-OGPU.
- 6 November 1926 – The Directorate of Border Guard Troops and OGPU.
- 10 July 1934 – General Directorate of Border and internal security (GUPVO) Soviet NKVD.
- 29 September 1938 – General Directorate of Border and Interior Troops (GUPVV) Soviet NKVD.
On February 2, 1939, 6 separate departments were created within the Main Directorate of Border and Internal Troops within the NKVD of the USSR:
- Main Directorate of Border Troops (GUPV)
- Main Directorate for the Protection of Railway Facilities
- Main Directorate for the Protection of Particularly Important Industrial Enterprises
- Main Directorate of Convoy Troops (GUKV) – jointly manned by the Red Army and the NKVD.[9]
- Main Directorate of Military Support (GUVS)
- Main Military Construction Directorate
- 9 June 1956 – GUPVV USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs.
- 2 April 1957 – GUPVV USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs was disbanded in connection with the transfer of border troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs to the Soviet KGB when the Soviet Union SM.
The border troops (Guard):
- 28 May 1918 – Border Guard when Narkomate Finance (later – in the military and Narkomate Foreign Trade).
- 24 November 1920 – features in the GS VCHK-GPU, then to the CGB GPU and the headquarters of a frontier corps (Border Division) headquarters troops OGPU.
- 28 July 1923 – Department of Border Guard GPU, OGPU.
- 6 November 1926 – The Directorate of Border Guard Troops and OGPU.
- 10 July 1934 – Soviet NKVD GUPVO.
- 29 September 1938 – Soviet NKVD GUPVV.
- 8 March 1939 – Soviet NKVD GUPV.
- 17 October 1949 – GUPV MGB USSR
- 14 March 1953 – GUPV USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs
- 9 June 1956 – based GUPV, GUVKO and MAT USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs was organized by the USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs GUPVV.
- 2 April 1957 – GUPV KGB when the Soviet Union SM.
- 5 July 1978 – GUPV KGB.
- In December 1991 – after the reorganization of KGB, the General Directorate of Border Troops were abolished and formed the Committee for the Protection of the State border of the Soviet Union with the Joint Command of the border forces led by was assigned to the post of chairman of the Committee – Chief of Soviet border troops.
- In 1992 – a Border troops of the Russian Federation, which have been subordinated to the Ministry of Security.
- In 1993 – Federal Border Service – Main Command of the Border Troops of the Russian Federation with the status of federal ministries.
- In 1994 – renamed the Federal Border Service (FPS of Russia).
- 4 May 2000 – formed the Border Service of the Russian Federation, which consists of specially authorized federal executive body for the Border Service (FPS of Russia), border troops and other organizations.
- 11 March 2003 – Vladimir Putin abolished the function of FPS conveyed to the FSB. FPS of Russia renamed the Border Service of the FSB of Russia since July 1, 2003.
Equipment
Aircraft
Helicopters
- Kamov Ka-27 Helix
- Mil Mi-8 Hip
- Mil Mi-24 Hind
- Mil Mi-26 Halo
Firearms
References
- ^ a b "Paper" (PDF). info.publicintelligence.net. 2017.
- ^ "Russia to create 20 frontier posts in Arctic". Russia & India Report. 16 April 2012. Retrieved 29 April 2012.
- ^ "Ukraine calls businessman and Russian defense minister 'accomplices of terrorists'". wqad.com. 22 July 2014.
- ^ "Ukraine opens criminal case against Russian Border Service chief - Xinhua - English.news.cn". Xinhua News Agency. Archived from the original on July 8, 2014.
- ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2014-07-28. Retrieved 2014-07-22.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ Прощание с Пянджем. Российские пограничники покидают Таджикистан
- ^ Российские пограничники убили турецкого пастуха, обстрелявшего их на территории Армении.
- ^ Moore, Kathleen (May 7, 2004). "Tajikistan: Heroin Busts Tie Russian Military To Drug Trade". Radiofreeeurope/Radioliberty.
- ISBN 0-7006-1353-6
Sources
- Лубянка. Lubyanka. Органы ВЧК-ОГПУ-НКВД-НКГБ-МГБ-МВД-КГБ 1917–1991. Справочник, документы (Международный фонд Демократия, Москва 2003) - Authorities VCHK-OGPU-NKVD-NKGB-MGB-MVD-KGB 1917–1991. Reference documents (International Fund for Democracy, Moscow 2003)
- Приложение № 2 к Указу Президента Российской Федерации от 19 июля 1997 г. № 732 [Annex 2 to decree of the President of the Russian Federation of July 19, 1997, No. 732]
External links
- Official website (in Russian)
- Central Border guard museum (in English)
- Border Guard profile on agentura.ru (in Russian)
- Russian non-military security forces