Borna disease virus
| Mammalian 1 orthobornavirus | |
|---|---|
Virus classification 
| |
| (unranked): | Virus |
| Realm: | Riboviria |
| Kingdom: | Orthornavirae |
| Phylum: | Negarnaviricota
|
| Class: | Monjiviricetes |
| Order: | Mononegavirales |
| Family: | Bornaviridae |
| Genus: | Orthobornavirus |
| Species: | Mammalian 1 orthobornavirus
|
| Borna disease virus 1 G protein | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Identifiers | |||||||||
| Symbol | BDV_G | ||||||||
| Pfam | PF06208 | ||||||||
| InterPro | IPR009344 | ||||||||
| |||||||||
| Borna disease virus 1 P10 protein | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Identifiers | |||||||||
| Symbol | BDV_P10 | ||||||||
| Pfam | PF06515 | ||||||||
| InterPro | IPR009485 | ||||||||
| |||||||||
| Borna disease virus 1 P40 protein | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |||||||||
| Borna disease virus 1 P24 protein | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Identifiers | |||||||||
| Symbol | BDV_P24 | ||||||||
| Pfam | PF06595 | ||||||||
| InterPro | IPR009517 | ||||||||
| |||||||||
The Borna disease viruses 1 and 2 (BoDV-1 and BoDV-2) are members of the species Mammalian 1 orthobornavirus and cause Borna disease in mammals.
Virology
Genome
BoDV-1/2 have the smallest genome (8.9 kilobases) of any Mononegavirales member and are unique within that order in their ability to replicate within the host cell nucleus.
BoDV-1 was isolated from a diseased horse in the 1970s, but the virus particles were difficult to characterise. Nonetheless, the virus' genome has been characterised. It is a linear negative-sense single stranded RNA virus in the order Mononegavirales.
Several of the proteins encoded by the BoDV-1 genome have been characterised. The G glycoprotein is important for viral entry into the host cell.[1][2]
It has been suggested that the p10, or X, protein plays a role in
The P40 nucleoprotein from BoDV-1 is multi-helical in
P24 (phosphoprotein 24) is an essential component of the RNA
Replication
Bornaviruses enter host cells by
Bornaviruses have negative sense
Endogenous provirus
Endogenous viral elements homologous to the nucleoprotein gene of BoDV-1 have been shown to exist in the genomes of several mammalian species, including humans and non-human primates.[12]
Evolution
A Bayesian analysis of Borna disease virus 1 suggests that the current strains diversified ~300 years ago and that avian-host bornaviruses evolved considerably earlier than this.[13] The ancestral virus seems likely to have been a high AT content virus.
History
Borna disease was first described in 1885 as "heated head disease" of cavalry horses in 1885 in the town of Borna, Germany.[14]
References
- PMID 8985354.
- PMID 11435588.
- PMID 10725419.
- PMID 9882386.
- PMID 14581561.
- PMID 8523585.
- ^ PMID 9811743.
- PMID 18623121.
- PMID 16324750.
- ^ Schwemmle, M. and Lipkin, W.I. (2004) Models and mechanisms of Bornavirus pathogenesis. Drug Discovery Today: Disease Mechanisms 1(2):211–216
- PMID 11932200.
- PMID 20054395.
- PMID 25046276.
- ^ "Evolutionary Surprise: Eight Percent of Human Genetic Material Comes from a Virus". ScienceDaily. 2010-01-08.