Borsod County
Borsod County Comitatus Borsodiensis ( County of the Kingdom of Hungary (1648–1923, 1938–1945) | |
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Capital | Borsod; Miskolc (1724–1945) |
Area | |
• Coordinates | 48°6′N 20°47′E / 48.100°N 20.783°E |
• 1910 | 3,629 km2 (1,401 sq mi) |
Population | |
• 1910 | 289,914 |
History | |
• Established | 11th century |
• Merged into Borsod-Gömör-Kishont County | 1923 |
• County recreated (First Vienna Award) | 1938 |
• Merged into Borsod-Gömör County | 1945 |
Today part of | Hungary |
Borsod was an administrative county (
Etymology
The name comes from the personal name Bors (an early medieval magnate) with the -d suffix used to derive place names in old
Geography
Before
History
Borsod is one of the oldest counties of the Kingdom of Hungary. In the early history of the Kingdom of Hungary, each county (in
The county's borders became permanent in the early 14th century, when the neighbouring Torna County was formed, and they remained basically unchanged for the next six hundred years. Judging from the place names, originally the majority of the population were ethnic Hungarians, but later other groups immigrated to the area too: Pechenegs (in the late 10th/early 11th century) and úz groups (11th–12th century). This is also evident from place names like Szirmabesenyő (besenyő is the Hungarian word for Pecheneg) and Ózd (from "úz").
The parishes of the county belonged to the
The Battle of Mohi – marking the beginning of the Mongol invasion which had a disastrous effect on Hungary – took place in Borsod county, near the village of Muhi, on 11 April 1241. The Mongols defeated the army of King Béla IV. During the two-year invasion, 16 of the county's 69 villages were completely destroyed.
In 1248, when King Béla ordered stone castles to be built throughout the kingdom, several new castles were constructed in Borsod county too (Cserépvár, Csorbakő, Dédes, Diósgyőr, Éleskő), many in places of former, destroyed motte castles. The monastery of Boldva was destroyed during a second Mongol invasion in 1285.
In the papal tithe registers from 1332 to 1335, the county is mentioned as having 91 parishes. The county had about 240 villages at that time. Before the battle of Mohács (1526), which marks the beginning of the Ottoman occupation of Hungary (lasting for over 160 years) the county had 13 castles, 13 market towns (oppidum, including Miskolc and Mezőkövesd) and 250 villages, owned by 235 different feudal lords including dioceses and monasteries. The steward of the county was the captain of the Castle of Diósgyőr.
In 1566, the Ottomans occupied the castles of Dédes and Diósgyőr, and after the
In the next century, an important historical event of Prince
In 1724, it was decided that the county hall of Borsod would be built in Miskolc, thus the town officially became the seat of the county. The building was constructed between 1825 and 1827.
There were some minor changes in the area of the county during the 19th century: between 1807 and 1812 the villages Szőlőske, Cegléd, Tihamér, Almagyar, Felnémet and Bekölce (many of these are today city parts of Eger) were annexed to the neighbouring Heves county, while Egerfarmos, Ivánka, Szőkepuszta and the mill of Kistálya were annexed from Heves to Borsod. In 1850 several other towns and villages of Borsod were annexed to neighbouring counties: Andornak, Kistálya and Felsőtárkány to Heves, Domaháza and Sikátor to Gömör and Kishont. Onga, formerly belonging to Abaúj county, and Külsőböcs, formerly of Zemplén county, became parts of Borsod. In 1907, Miskolc was granted the rank of city with municipal rights, becoming de jure independent from Borsod county.
Of the 63 counties of Hungary, Borsod was the 39th largest by area, 23rd largest by population and 11th largest by population density (80 persons/km2) in 1910. Between 1899 and 1913 many people left Hungary and emigrated to other countries; from Borsod 23,797 people emigrated, which, not counting the 7,313 who eventually came back, makes the county 18th in the list of Hungarian counties with the most emigrees.
In 1919, Borsod county had 177 villages (13 of them had a population larger than 2000).
After
On 2 November 1938, the First Vienna Award returned to Hungary some parts of Gömör and Kishont lost in 1920; Borsod and Gömör-Kishont became independent from each other again but the border between them slightly changed.
In 1941, the county had 382,324 inhabitants (378,303 Hungarians, 272 Germans, 240 Slovaks, 165 Romanians, 210 Ruthenians, 2103 Gypsies and 2324 other; 225,476 Roman Catholics, 19,625 Greek Catholics, 226 Greek Orthodox, 8657 Evangelicals, 109,809 Protestants, 105 Unitarians, 970 Baptists, 16,997 Jews, 164 of other religions).
After
Today, the area that was once Borsod county is the most urbanized and industrialized area of Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén, with 3/4 of the county's population living there. The county's three largest cities – Miskolc, Ózd and Kazincbarcika – can also be found there. In colloquial speech, Borsod county is often used to mean Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén as a whole.
Demographics
Census | Total | Hungarian | Slovak | German | Other or unknown |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1880[5] | 195,980 | 174,900 (92.64%) | 10,462 (5.54%) | 2,250 (1.19%) | 1,180 (0.63%) |
1890[6] | 216,794 | 202,896 (93.59%) | 9,738 (4.49%) | 3,160 (1.46%) | 1,000 (0.46%) |
1900[7] | 257,586 | 243,117 (94.38%) | 9,338 (3.63%) | 3,155 (1.22%) | 1,976 (0.77%) |
1910[8] | 289,914 | 281,874 (97.23%) | 4,115 (1.42%) | 2,379 (0.82%) | 1,546 (0.53%) |
Census | Total | Roman Catholic | Calvinist |
Jewish | Greek Catholic | Lutheran | Other or unknown |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1880 | 195,980 | 94,662 (48.30%) | 73,524 (37.52%) | 12,826 (6.54%) | 10,279 (5.24%) | 4,420 (2.26%) | 269 (0.14%) |
1890 | 216,794 | 109,412 (50.47%) | 77,038 (35.54%) | 13,880 (6.40%) | 10,986 (5.07%) | 5,373 (2.48%) | 105 (0.05%) |
1900 | 257,586 | 137,980 (53.57%) | 83,310 (32.34%) | 16,477 (6.40%) | 12,850 (4.99%) | 6,700 (2.60%) | 269 (0.10%) |
1910 | 289,914 | 160,699 (55.43%) | 88,856 (30.65%) | 18,346 (6.33%) | 14,086 (4.86%) | 7,299 (2.52%) | 628 (0.22%) |
Subdivisions
In the early 20th century, the subdivisions of Borsod county were:
Districts (járás) | |
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District | Capital |
Edelény District | Edelény |
Mezőcsát District | Mezőcsát |
Mezőkövesd District | Mezőkövesd |
Miskolc District | Miskolc |
Ózd District | Ózd |
Sajószentpéter District | Sajószentpéter |
Urban counties (törvényhatósági jogú város) | |
Miskolc (from 1909) | |
Urban districts (rendezett tanácsú város) | |
Miskolc (until 1909) |
Notes
Sources
- Hungarian Catholic Lexicon (Hungarian only) (articles: Borsod, Gömör és Kishont közigazgatásilag egyelőre egyesített vármegye, Borsod vármegye, Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén megye and Borsod-Gömör vármegye.)
- ^ Kiss, Lajos (1978). Földrajzi nevek etimológiai szótára (in Hungarian). Budapest: Akadémiai. p. 121.
- ^ ISSN 1339-4053.
- ISBN 80-88878-89-6.
- ISBN 80-224-0812-3.
- ^ "Az 1881. év elején végrehajtott népszámlálás főbb eredményei megyék és községek szerint rendezve, II. kötet (1882)". library.hungaricana.hu. Retrieved 28 September 2021.
- ^ "A Magyar Korona országainak helységnévtára (1892)". library.hungaricana.hu. Retrieved 29 September 2021.
- ^ "A MAGYAR KORONA ORSZÁGAINAK 1900". library.hungaricana.hu. Retrieved 29 September 2021.
- ^ "KlimoTheca :: Könyvtár". Kt.lib.pte.hu. Retrieved 29 September 2021.