Botany Bay

Botany Bay
Kamay/Gamay, Sting Ray Harbour[1]
Aerial photo of Sydney showing Botany Bay in the foreground. The two protrusions into the bay are runways of Primary inflows		Georges River, Cooks River
Primary outflows	Tasman Sea
Catchment area	54.9 km2 (21.2 sq mi)
Max. length	10 km (6.2 mi)
Surface area	39.6 km2 (15.3 sq mi)
Average depth	11.4 m (37 ft)
Water volume	440,815,800 m3 (1.556726×1010 cu ft)
Website	NSW Environment & Heritage webpage

Botany Bay (

The total catchment area of the bay is approximately 55 km² (21 sq mi). Despite its relative shallowness, the bay now serves as greater metropolitan Sydney's main cargo seaport, located at Port Botany, with facilities managed by Sydney Ports Corporation. Two runways of Sydney Airport extend into the bay, as do some port facilities. Kamay Botany Bay National Park is located on the northern and southern headlands of the bay. The area surrounding the bay is generally managed by Transport for NSW.

The land adjacent to Botany Bay was settled for many thousands of years by the

History

Aboriginal prehistory

Archaeological evidence from the shores of Botany Bay has yielded evidence of an Aboriginal settlement dating back 5,000 years. The Aboriginal people of Sydney were the Eora, the Dharawal and the Dharug people who comprised at least 28 known clans with traditional boundaries. The clans of the Botany Bay area were the Gweagal who occupied the south shore and the Gameygal on the north shore. It is possible that the Bidjigal clan lived between the Cooks River and the Georges River, but the evidence for this is unclear.^[5][6]

European history and later

On the morning of 24 January, the French exploratory expedition of Jean-François de Galaup, comte de Lapérouse was seen outside Botany Bay. On 26 January, the Supply left the bay to move up to Port Jackson and anchor in Sydney Cove. On the afternoon of 26 January, the remaining ships of First Fleet arrived at Sydney Cove. In 1789, Captain John Hunter surveyed Botany Bay after returning from the Cape of Good Hope, trading for grain. The good supply of fresh water in the area led to the expansion of its population in the 19th century.

The western shore of Botany Bay remained in its virgin state for almost fifty years after the initial settlement of Sydney Town. Land access to the area was difficult until a route from the west was established via Canterbury. As this route developed it became known as Illawarra Road, which is still one of the main access routes to the south-eastern suburbs of Sydney. The land nearer to this crossing of Cooks River was cleared and settled quite early in the infancy of the new colony.

Landmarks

Sydney Airport, Australia's busiest airport, sits on the northwestern side of Botany Bay. Some of its runways go out into the bay. After World War II the mouth of the Cooks River was moved two kilometres west to make way for the airport extension. Land was reclaimed from the bay to extend its first north–south runway and to build a second, parallel, runway.

The first container terminal at Port Botany, east of the airport, was completed during the 1970s and is the largest

The land around the headlands of the bay is protected by the NSW National Parks & Wildlife Service as Kamay Botany Bay National Park. On the northern side of the mouth of the bay is the historic site of La Perouse, and to the south is Kurnell. Despite its relative isolation, the southern shore of the bay is dominated by an unusual mixture of pristine national park and heavy industrial use that includes Sydney Desalination Plant, the Caltex Fuel Terminal, sewer treatment, and historical sand mining facilities.^[13] On the southern side of the bay a section of water has been fenced off under the authority of the NSW National Parks & Wildlife Service at Towra Point for environmental conservation purposes.

The western shores of the bay feature many popular swimming beaches including Lady Robinsons Beach and are highly urbanised.

There are also a lot of bunkers around Botany Bay. The bunkers were built by the military during World War II and still remain.^[14]

Marine life

Botany Bay has a diverse marine population, and the area around its entrance is a popular area for scuba diving. In 2008, the Botany Bay Watch Project began with volunteers assisting to monitor and protect the Bay Catchment and its unique marine life.^[15]

The world's largest population of

is the state fish of New South Wales; it is very tame and is commonly found following divers along the shoreline of Botany Bay.

In popular culture

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• Despite the move to
  Pete St. John
  .
• A song named "Botany Bay" has been performed as a folk and music hall song since the 1890s, based on older tunes. It also refers to the penal colony.
• A song entitled "The Shores of Botany Bay" was written by Brian Warfield and recorded by The Wolfe Tones in the early 1970s. This satirical song deals with a group of Irishmen volunteering for the transportation process in the hopes of finding wealth in Australia.
• A song titled "Bound for Botany Bay" is featured on Irish singer-songwriter and guitarist John Doyle's album Shadow and Light.
• In the 1941 historical novel Botany Bay by Charles Nordhoff and James Norman Hall, the protagonist, after various adventures and misadventures in England, gets transported to Botany Bay. A movie based on the book starring Alan Ladd and James Mason was shot in 1953.
• The song "Jim Jones at Botany Bay" (aka "Jim Jones") is about a prisoner who is going to Botany Bay. The song has been recorded several times, including a well-known version by Bob Dylan, and sung by Jennifer Jason Leigh in The Hateful Eight.^[17]
• SS Botany Bay was the name of the spaceship on which Khan Noonien Singh and his followers escaped from Earth in Star Trek: The Original Series and Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan.
• In the play and musical Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street, Benjamin Barker, the man who would become Sweeney Todd, was transported to Botany Bay for life on a false charge by Judge Turpin.
• In the
  Runescape, Botany Bay is the name of a location in-game where players can view other players' accounts being penalized for using "bots", computer macros, to cheat.^[18][19]
• The 2015 7-part British TV series Banished was a dramatisation of the first few weeks of the penal colony.

Gallery

• 
  The

  Kurnell
• 
  The mouth of Botany Bay from the air
• 
  Botany Bay, view from

  Kurnell
• 
  Black-eyed Sue and Sweet Poll of Plymouth, England, mourning their lovers who are soon to be transported to Botany Bay, 1792
• 
  Bicentennial Monument at Brighton-Le-Sands
• 
  Sydney Airport runway near Botany Bay beach
• 
  skyline

  viewed from Botany Bay

Notes

References

Citations

Works cited

• OCLC 223185477
  .

Further reading

• Britton, Alex R., ed. (1978). Historical records of New South Wales. Vol. 1, part 2. Phillip, 1783–1792. Lansdown Slattery & Co. p. 56.
  OCLC 219911274
  .
• Forster, George (2008). Allgemeines historisches Taschenbuch, oder, Abriss der merkwuridgsten neuen Welt Begebenheiten enthaltend fur 1787 [Neuholland und die brittische Colonie in Botany-Bay/New Holland and the British colony at Botany Bay] (in German). Robert J. King, translator. Canberra: National Library of Australia.
• ISBN 2-914777-30-2. Archived from the original
  on 25 November 2006. Retrieved 24 May 2011.
• The History of Botany-Bay . Falkirk: T. Johnston. 1798.

External links

Wikisource has original text related to this article:

Botany Bay lyrics

Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article "Botany Bay".

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Botany Bay, Sydney.

Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Botany Bay.

• "Georges River catchment" (map). Office of Environment and Heritage. Government of New South Wales.
• NSW Environment & Heritage webpage
• Irish Examiner article concerning penal colony
• Joanne Sippel (2013). "Booralee fishing town". Dictionary of Sydney. Dictionary of Sydney Trust. Retrieved 6 October 2015.