Brahmic scripts

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Writing systems
Abjad
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Alphabetical
Armenian   Cyrillic   Georgian   Greek   Hangul   Latin   Mongolian
Logographic and Syllabic
Hanzi [L]   Kana [S] / Kanji [L]
v t e

This article contains Indic text. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks or boxes, misplaced vowels or missing conjuncts instead of Indic text.

The Brahmic scripts, also known as Indic scripts, are a family of

There are many theories where Brahmi came from, But the most accepted theory is that it descends from Aramaic alphabet, with similarities with several of the glyphs.^[2]

The

• 
  A fragment of

  Brahmi

  , the ancestor of all Brahmic scripts
• 
  Spread of Brahmic family of scripts (and Kharosthi) from India

Characteristics

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Some characteristics, which are present in most but not all the scripts, are:

• Each
  hasanta
  , can be used to indicate the absence of an inherent vowel, although it is rarely used.
• Each vowel has two forms, an independent form when not attached to a consonant, and a dependent form, when attached to a consonant. Depending on the script, the dependent forms can be either placed to the left of, to the right of, above, below, or on both the left and the right sides of the base consonant.
• Consonants (up to 4 in Devanagari) can be combined in
  ligatures
  . Special marks are added to denote the combination of 'r' with another consonant.
• aspiration
  of a consonant's dependent vowel is also noted by separate signs.
• The
  stops (with all four possible values of voicing and aspiration), and a nasal consonant
  .

• The charts are not comprehensive. Glyphs may be unrepresented if they are later inventions not derived from any Brahmi character.
• The pronunciations of glyphs in the same column may not be identical. The pronunciation row is only representative; the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) pronunciation is given for Sanskrit where possible, or another language if necessary.

The transliteration is indicated in ISO 15919.

Consonants

Notes

Vowels

Vowels are presented in their independent form on the left of each column, and in their corresponding dependent form (vowel sign) combined with the consonant k on the right. A glyph for ka is an independent consonant letter itself without any vowel sign, where the vowel a is inherent.

ISO	a		ā		ê		ô		i		ī		u		ū		e		ē		ai		o		ō		au		ə		r̥		r̥̄ [a]		l̥ [a]		l̥̄ [a]		ṁ		ḥ
	a	ka	ā	kā	ê	kê	ô	kô	i	ki	ī	kī	u	ku	ū	kū	e	ke	ē	kē	ai	kai	o	ko	ō	kō	au	kau	ə	kə	r̥	kr̥	r̥̄	kr̥̄	l̥	kl̥	l̥̄	kl̥̄	aṁ	kaṁ	aḥ	kaḥ	k
Ashoka Brahmi	𑀅	𑀓	𑀆	𑀓𑀸					𑀇	𑀓𑀺	𑀈	𑀓𑀻	𑀉	𑀓𑀼	𑀊	𑀓𑀽			𑀏	𑀓𑁂	𑀐	𑀓𑁃			𑀑	𑀓𑁄	𑀒	𑀓𑁅			𑀋	𑀓𑀾	𑀌	𑀓𑀿	𑀍	𑀓𑁀	𑀎	𑀓𑁁	𑀅𑀁	𑀓𑀁	𑀅𑀂	𑀓𑀂	𑀓𑁆
Devanagari	अ	क	आ	का	ॲ	कॅ	ऑ	कॉ	इ	कि	ई	की	उ	कु	ऊ	कू	ऎ	कॆ	ए	के	ऐ	कै	ऒ	कॊ	ओ	को	औ	कौ			ऋ	कृ	ॠ	कॄ	ऌ	कॢ	ॡ	कॣ	अं	कं	अः	कः	क्
Bengali- Assamese	অ	ক	আ	কা	অ্যা	ক্যা			ই	কি	ঈ	কী	উ	কু	ঊ	কূ			এ	কে	ঐ	কৈ			ও	কো	ঔ	কৌ			ঋ	কৃ	ৠ	কৄ	ঌ	কৢ	ৡ	কৣ	অং	কং	অঃ	কঃ	ক্
Gujarati	અ	ક	આ	કા					ઇ	કિ	ઈ	કી	ઉ	કુ	ઊ	કૂ	ઍ	કૅ	એ	કે	ઐ	કૈ	ઑ	કૉ	ઓ	કો	ઔ	કૌ			ઋ	કૃ	ૠ	કૄ	ઌ	કૢ	ૡ	કૣ	અં	કં	અઃ	કઃ	ક્,ક્‍
Odia	ଅ	କ	ଆ	କା					ଇ	କି	ଈ	କୀ	ଉ	କୁ	ଊ	କୂ			ଏ	କେ	ଐ	କୈ			ଓ	କୋ	ଔ	କୌ			ଋ	କୃ	ୠ	କୄ	ଌ	କୢ	ୡ	କୣ	ଂ	କଂ	ଃ	କଃ	କ୍
Gurmukhi	ਅ	ਕ	ਆ	ਕਾ					ਇ	ਕਿ	ਈ	ਕੀ	ਉ	ਕੁ	ਊ	ਕੂ			ਏ	ਕੇ	ਐ	ਕੈ			ਓ	ਕੋ	ਔ	ਕੌ											ਅਂ	ਕਂ	ਅਃ	ਕਃ	ਕ੍
Meitei Mayek[b]	ꯑ	ꯀ	ꯑꯥ	ꯀꯥ					ꯏ	ꯀꯤ	ꯑꫫ	ꯀꫫ	ꯎ	ꯀꯨ	ꯑꫬ	ꯀꫬ			ꯑꯦ	ꯀꯦ	ꯑꯩ	ꯀꯩ			ꯑꯣ	ꯀꯣ	ꯑꯧ	ꯀꯧ											ꯑꯪ	ꯀꯪ	ꯑꫵ	ꯀꫵ	ꯛ
Tibetan[c]	ཨ	ཀ	ཨཱ	ཀཱ					ཨི	ཀི	ཨཱི	ཀཱི	ཨུ	ཀུ	ཨཱུ	ཀཱུ			ཨེ	ཀེ	ཨཻ	ཀཻ			ཨོ	ཀོ	ཨཽ	ཀཽ			རྀ	ཀྲྀ	རཱྀ	ཀཷ	ལྀ	ཀླྀ	ལཱྀ	ཀླཱྀ	ཨཾ	ཀཾ	ཨཿ	ཀཿ	ཀ྄
Lepcha[c]	ᰣ	ᰀ	ᰣᰦ	ᰀᰦ					ᰣᰧ	ᰀᰧ	ᰣᰧᰶ	ᰀᰧᰶ	ᰣᰪ	ᰀᰪ	ᰣᰫ	ᰀᰫ			ᰣᰬ	ᰀᰬ					ᰣᰨ	ᰀᰨ	ᰣᰩ	ᰀᰩ											ᰣᰴ	ᰀᰴ
Limbu[c]	ᤀ	ᤁ	ᤀᤠ	ᤁᤠ					ᤀᤡ	ᤁᤡ	ᤀᤡ᤺	ᤁᤡ᤺	ᤀᤢ	ᤁᤢ	ᤀᤢ᤺	ᤁᤢ᤺	ᤀᤧ	ᤁᤧ	ᤀᤣ	ᤁᤣ	ᤀᤤ	ᤁᤤ	ᤀᤨ	ᤁᤨ	ᤀᤥ	ᤁᤥ	ᤀᤦ	ᤁᤦ											ᤀᤲ	ᤁᤲ			ᤁ᤻
Tirhuta	𑒁	𑒏	𑒂	𑒏𑒰					𑒃	𑒏𑒱	𑒄	𑒏𑒲	𑒅	𑒏𑒳	𑒆	𑒏𑒴		𑒏𑒺	𑒋	𑒏𑒹	𑒌	𑒏𑒻		𑒏𑒽	𑒍	𑒏𑒼	𑒎	𑒏𑒾			𑒇	𑒏𑒵	𑒈	𑒏𑒶	𑒉	𑒏𑒷	𑒊	𑒏𑒸	𑒁𑓀	𑒏𑓀	𑒁𑓁	𑒏𑓁	𑒏𑓂
Kaithi	𑂃	𑂍	𑂄	𑂍𑂰					𑂅	𑂍𑂱	𑂆	𑂍𑂲	𑂇	𑂍𑂳	𑂈	𑂍𑂴			𑂉	𑂍𑂵	𑂊	𑂍𑂶			𑂋	𑂍𑂷	𑂌	𑂍𑂸											𑂃𑂁	𑂍𑂁	𑂃𑂂	𑂍𑂂	𑂍𑂹
Sylheti Nagari		ꠇ	ꠀ	ꠇꠣ					ꠁ	ꠇꠤ			ꠃ	ꠇꠥ					ꠄ	ꠇꠦ	ꠅꠂ	ꠇꠂ			ꠅ	ꠇꠧ													ꠀꠋ	ꠇꠋ			ꠇ꠆
Tamil	அ	க	ஆ	கா					இ	கி	ஈ	கீ	உ	கு	ஊ	கூ	எ	கெ	ஏ	கே	ஐ	கை	ஒ	கொ	ஓ	கோ	ஔ	கௌ											அஂ	கஂ	அஃ	கஃ	க்
Kannada	ಅ	ಕ	ಆ	ಕಾ					ಇ	ಕಿ	ಈ	ಕೀ	ಉ	ಕು	ಊ	ಕೂ	ಎ	ಕೆ	ಏ	ಕೇ	ಐ	ಕೈ	ಒ	ಕೊ	ಓ	ಕೋ	ಔ	ಕೌ			ಋ	ಕೃ	ೠ	ಕೄ	ಌ	ಕೢ	ೡ	ಕೣ	అం	ಕಂ	అః	ಕಃ	ಕ್
Telugu	అ	క	ఆ	కా					ఇ	కి	ఈ	కీ	ఉ	కు	ఊ	కూ	ఎ	కె	ఏ	కే	ఐ	కై	ఒ	కొ	ఓ	కో	ఔ	కౌ			ఋ	కృ	ౠ	కౄ	ఌ	కౢ	ౡ	కౣ	అం	కం	అః	కః	క్
Sinhala	අ	ක	ආ	කා	ඇ	කැ	ඈ	කෑ	ඉ	කි	ඊ	කී	උ	කු	ඌ	කූ	එ	කෙ	ඒ	කේ	ඓ	කෛ	ඔ	කො	ඕ	කෝ	ඖ	කෞ			ඍ	කෘ	ඎ	කෲ	ඏ	කෟ	ඐ	කෳ	අං	කං	අඃ	කඃ	ක්
Malayalam	അ	ക	ആ	കാ					ഇ	കി	ഈ	കീ	ഉ	കു	ഊ	കൂ	എ	കെ	ഏ	കേ	ഐ	കൈ	ഒ	കൊ	ഓ	കോ	ഔ	കൗ			ഋ	കൃ	ൠ	കൄ	ഌ	കൢ	ൡ	കൣ	അം	കം	അഃ	കഃ	ക്,ക്‍
Chakma	𑄃𑄧	𑄇𑄧	𑄃	𑄇	𑄃𑄬𑄬	𑄇𑄬𑄬	𑄃𑅅	𑄇𑅅	𑄄, 𑄃𑄨	𑄇𑄨	𑄃𑄩	𑄇𑄩	𑄅, 𑄃𑄪	𑄇𑄪	𑄃𑄫	𑄇𑄫			𑄆, 𑄃𑄬	𑄇𑄬	𑄃𑄰	𑄇𑄰			𑄃𑄮	𑄇𑄮	𑄃𑄯	𑄇𑄯											𑄃𑄧𑄁	𑄇𑄧𑄁	𑄃𑄧𑄂	𑄇𑄧𑄂	𑄇𑄴
Burmese	အ	က	အာ	ကာ					ဣ	ကိ	ဤ	ကီ	ဥ	ကု	ဦ	ကူ			ဧ	ကေ	အဲ	ကဲ	ဩ	ကော			အောင်	ကောင်			ၒ	ကၖ	ၓ	ကၗ	ၔ	ကၘ	ၕ	ကၙ	အံ	ကံ	အး	ကး	က်
Tai Tham	ᩋ	ᨠ	ᩋᩣ	ᨠᩣ/ᨠᩤ	ᩋᩯ	ᨠᩯ	(ᩋᩬᩴ,ᩋᩳ)	(ᨠᩬᩴ,ᨠᩳ)	ᩍ	ᨠᩥ	ᩎ	ᨠᩦ	ᩏ	ᨠᩩ	ᩐ	ᨠᩪ	(ᩋᩮᩡ)	(ᨠᩮᩡ)	ᩑ	ᨠᩮ	ᩋᩱ	ᨠᩱ	(ᩋᩰᩡ)	(ᨠᩰᩡ)	ᩒ,ᩋᩰ	ᨠᩰ,ᨠᩮᩣ	ᩋᩮᩢᩣ,ᩋᩯᩣ,ᩐᩣ	ᨠᩮᩢᩣ,ᨠᩮᩫᩣ,ᨠᩯᩣ			ᩁᩂ	ᨠᩂ							ᩋᩴ	ᨠᩴ	ᩋᩡ	ᨠᩡ	ᨠ᩺,ᨠ᩼
New Tai Lue[c]	ᦀ	ᦂ	ᦀᦱ	ᦂᦱ	ᦶᦀ	ᦶᦂ	(ᦀᦸ)	(ᦂᦸ)	ᦀᦲᦰ	ᦂᦲᦰ	ᦀᦲ	ᦂᦲ	ᦀᦳ	ᦂᦳ	ᦀᦴ	ᦂᦴ	(ᦵᦀᦰ)	(ᦵᦂᦰ)	ᦵᦀ	ᦵᦂ	ᦺᦀ	ᦺᦂ	(ᦷᦀᦰ)	(ᦷᦂᦰ)	ᦷᦀ	ᦷᦂ	ᦀᧁ	ᦂᧁ													ᦀᦰ	ᦂᦰ	ᧅ
Khmer[d]	អ	ក	អា	កា					ឥ	កិ	ឦ	កី	ឧ	កុ	ឩ	កូ			ឯ	កេ	ឰ	កៃ			ឱ	កោ	ឳ	កៅ			ឫ	ក្ឫ	ឬ	ក្ឬ	ឭ	ក្ឭ	ឮ	ក្ឮ	អំ	កំ	អះ	កះ	ក៑
Thai[c]	อ (อะ)	ก (กะ)	อา	กา	แอ	แก	(ออ)	(กอ)	อิ	กิ	อี	กี	อุ	กุ	อู	กู	(เอะ)	(เกะ)	เอ	เก	ไอ,ใอ	ไก,ใก	(โอะ)	(โกะ)	โอ	โก	เอา	เกา			ฤ	กฺฤ	ฤๅ	กฺฤๅ	ฦ	กฺฦ	ฦๅ	กฺฦๅ	อํ	กํ	อะ (อะฮฺ)	กะ (กะฮฺ)	กฺ (ก/ก์)
Lao[c]	ອະ	ກະ	ອາ	ກາ	ແອ	ແກ	(ອອ)	(ກອ)	ອິ	ກິ	ອີ	ກີ	ອຸ	ກຸ	ອູ	ກູ	(ແອະ)	(ແກະ)	ເອ	ເກ	ໄອ,ໃອ	ໄກ,ໃກ	(ໂອະ)	(ໂກະ)	ໂອ	ໂກ	ເອົາ,ອາວ	ເກົາ,ກາວ											ອํ	ກํ	ອະ	ກະ	ກ
Cham	ꨀ	ꨆ	ꨀꨩ	ꨆꨩ					ꨁ	ꨆꨪ	ꨁꨩ	ꨆꨫ	ꨂ	ꨆꨭ	ꨂꨩ	ꨆꨭꨩ			ꨃ	ꨆꨯꨮ	ꨄ	ꨆꨰ			ꨅ	ꨆꨯ	ꨀꨯꨱ	ꨆꨯꨱ			ꨣꨮ	ꨆꨴꨮ	ꨣꨮꨩ	ꨆꨴꨮꨩ	ꨤꨮ	ꨆꨵꨮ	ꨤꨮꨩ	ꨆꨵꨮꨩ	ꨀꩌ	ꨆꩌ	ꨀꩍ	ꨆꩍ	ꩀ
Kawi	𑼄	𑼒	𑼅	𑼒𑼴					𑼆	𑼒𑼶	𑼇	𑼒𑼷	𑼈	𑼒𑼸	𑼉	𑼒𑼹	𑼎	𑼒𑼾			𑼏	𑼒𑼿	𑼐	𑼒𑼾𑼴			𑼐𑼴	𑼒𑼿𑼴	𑼄𑽀	𑼒𑽀	𑼊	𑼒𑼺	𑼊𑼴	𑼒𑼺𑼴	𑼌	𑼒𑽂𑼌	𑼍	𑼒𑽂𑼭𑽀𑼴	𑼄𑼁	𑼒𑼁	𑼄𑼃	𑼒𑼃	𑼒𑽁
Balinese	ᬅ	ᬓ	ᬆ	ᬓᬵ					ᬇ	ᬓᬶ	ᬈ	ᬓᬷ	ᬉ	ᬓᬸ	ᬊ	ᬓᬹ	ᬏ	ᬓᬾ			ᬐ	ᬓᬿ	ᬑ	ᬓᭀ			ᬒ	ᬓᭁ	ᬅᭂ	ᬓᭂ	ᬋ	ᬓᬺ	ᬌ	ᬓᬻ	ᬍ	ᬓᬼ	ᬎ	ᬓᬽ	ᬅᬂ	ᬓᬂ	ᬅᬄ	ᬓᬄ	ᬓ᭄
Javanese	ꦄ	ꦏ	ꦄꦴ	ꦏꦴ					ꦆ	ꦏꦶ	ꦇ	ꦏꦷ	ꦈ	ꦏꦸ	ꦈꦴ	ꦏꦹ	ꦌ	ꦏꦺ			ꦍ	ꦏꦻ	ꦎ	ꦏꦺꦴ			ꦎꦴ	ꦏꦻꦴ	ꦄꦼ	ꦏꦼ	ꦉ	ꦏꦽ	ꦉꦴ	ꦏꦽꦴ	ꦊ	ꦏ꧀ꦊ	ꦋ	ꦏ꧀ꦋ	ꦄꦁ	ꦏꦁ	ꦄꦃ	ꦏꦃ	ꦏ꧀
Sundanese	ᮃ	ᮊ							ᮄ	ᮊᮤ			ᮅ	ᮊᮥ			ᮆ	ᮊᮦ					ᮇ	ᮊᮧ					ᮈ	ᮊᮨ	ᮻ[e]	ᮊ᮪ᮻ[e]			ᮼ[e]	ᮊ᮪ᮼ[e]			ᮃᮀ	ᮊᮀ	ᮃᮂ	ᮊᮂ	ᮊ᮪
Lontara	ᨕ	ᨀ							ᨕᨗ	ᨀᨗ			ᨕᨘ	ᨀᨘ			ᨕᨙ	ᨀᨙ					ᨕᨚ	ᨀᨚ					ᨕᨛ	ᨀᨛ
Makasar	𑻱	𑻠							𑻱𑻳	𑻠𑻳			𑻱𑻴	𑻠𑻴			𑻱𑻵	𑻠𑻵					𑻱𑻶	𑻠𑻶
Rejang	ꥆ	ꤰ			ꥆꥎ	ꤰꥎ	ꥆꥍ	ꤰꥍ	ꥆꥇ	ꤰꥇ			ꥆꥈ	ꤰꥈ			ꥆꥉ	ꤰꥉ			ꥆꥊ	ꤰꥊ	ꥆꥋ	ꤰꥋ			ꥆꥌ	ꤰꥌ											ꥆꥏ	ꤰꥏ	ꥆꥒ	ꤰꥒ	ꤰ꥓
Batak (Toba)	ᯀ	ᯂ							ᯤ	ᯂᯪ			ᯥ	ᯂᯮ				ᯂᯩ						ᯂᯬ															ᯀᯰ	ᯂᯰ	ᯀᯱ	ᯂᯱ	ᯂ᯲
Baybayin	ᜀ	ᜃ							ᜁ	ᜃᜒ			ᜂ	ᜃᜓ			ᜁ	ᜃᜒ					ᜂ	ᜃᜓ																			ᜃ᜔
Buhid	ᝀ	ᝃ							ᝁ	ᝃᝒ			ᝂ	ᝃᝓ
Hanunuo	ᜠ	ᜣ							ᜡ	ᜣᜲ			ᜢ	ᜣᜳ																													ᜣ᜴
Tagbanwa	ᝠ	ᝣ							ᝡ	ᝣᝲ			ᝢ	ᝣᝳ
ISO	a	ka	ā	kā	ê	kê	ô	kô	i	ki	ī	kī	u	ku	ū	kū	e	ke	ē	kē	ai	kai	o	ko	ō	kō	au	kau	ə	kə	r̥	kr̥	r̥̄	kr̥̄	l̥	kl̥	l̥̄	kl̥̄	aṁ	kaṁ	aḥ	kaḥ	k
	a		ā		ê		ô		i		ī		u		ū		e		ē		ai		o		ō		au		ə		r̥		r̥̄		l̥		l̥̄		ṁ		ḥ

Notes

1. ^ ^{a b c} Letters for r̥̄, l̥, l̥̄ and a few others are obsolete or very rarely used.
2. ^ includes supplementary vowels not in contemporary use
3. ^ ^{a b c d e f} Tibetan, Lepcha, Limbu, New Tai Lue, Thai and Lao scripts do not have independent vowel forms. For syllables starting with a vowel sound, a "zero" consonant (ཨ, อ or ອ respectively) is used to represent the glottal stop /ʔ/.
4. ^ When used to write their own languages, Khmer can have either an a or an o as the inherent vowel, following the rules of its orthography.
5. ^ ^{a b c d} Letters used in Old Sundanese. They are now obsolete.

Numerals

Hindu-Arabic	0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9
Brahmi numbers		𑁒	𑁓	𑁔	𑁕	𑁖	𑁗	𑁘	𑁙	𑁚
Brahmi digits	𑁦	𑁧	𑁨	𑁩	𑁪	𑁫	𑁬	𑁭	𑁮	𑁯
Bengali- Assamese	০	১	২	৩	৪	৫	৬	৭	৮	৯
Tirhuta	𑓐	𑓑	𑓒	𑓓	𑓔	𑓕	𑓖	𑓗	𑓘	𑓙
Odia	୦	୧	୨	୩	୪	୫	୬	୭	୮	୯
Devanagari	०	१	२	३	४	५	६	७	८	९
Gujarati	૦	૧	૨	૩	૪	૫	૬	૭	૮	૯
Modi	𑙐‎	𑙑‎	𑙒	𑙓‎	𑙔‎	𑙕	𑙖‎	𑙗	𑙘‎	𑙙
Sharada	𑇐	𑇑	𑇒	𑇓	𑇔	𑇕	𑇖	𑇗	𑇘	𑇙
Takri	𑛀	𑛁	𑛂	𑛃	𑛄	𑛅	𑛆	𑛇	𑛈	𑛉
Gurmukhi	੦	੧	੨	੩	੪	੫	੬	੭	੮	੯
Khudabadi	𑋰	𑋱	𑋲	𑋳	𑋴	𑋵	𑋶	𑋷	𑋸	𑋹
Meitei (Manipuri)	꯰	꯱	꯲	꯳	꯴	꯵	꯶	꯷	꯸	꯹
Pracalit	𑑐‎	𑑑‎	𑑒‎	𑑓‎	𑑔‎	𑑕‎	𑑖‎	𑑗‎	𑑘‎	𑑙
Tibetan	༠	༡	༢	༣	༤	༥	༦	༧	༨	༩
Mongolian[a]	᠐	᠑	᠒	᠓	᠔	᠕	᠖	᠗	᠘	᠙
Lepcha	᱀	᱁	᱂	᱃	᱄	᱅	᱆	᱇	᱈	᱉
Limbu	᥆	᥇	᥈	᥉	᥊	᥋	᥌	᥍	᥎	᥏
Sinhala astrological numbers	෦	෧	෨	෩	෪	෫	෬	෭	෮	෯
Sinhala archaic numbers		𑇡	𑇢	𑇣	𑇤	𑇥	𑇦	𑇧	𑇨	𑇩
Tamil	೦	௧	௨	௩	௪	௫	௬	௭	௮	௯
Telugu	౦	౧	౨	౩	౪	౫	౬	౭	౮	౯
Kannada	೦	೧	೨	೩	೪	೫	೬	೭	೮	೯
Malayalam	൦	൧	൨	൩	൪	൫	൬	൭	൮	൯
Saurashtra	꣐	꣑	꣒	꣓	꣔	꣕	꣖	꣗	꣘	꣙
Ahom	𑜰	𑜱	𑜲	𑜳	𑜴	𑜵	𑜶	𑜷	𑜸	𑜹
Chakma	𑄶	𑄷	𑄸	𑄹	𑄺	𑄻	𑄼	𑄽	𑄾	𑄿
Burmese	၀	၁	၂	၃	၄	၅	၆	၇	၈	၉
New Tai Lue	᧐	᧑	᧒	᧓	᧔	᧕	᧖	᧗	᧘	᧙
Tai Tham Astrological Numbers[b]	᪀	᪁	᪂	᪃	᪄	᪅	᪆	᪇	᪈	᪉
Tai Tham[c]	᪐	᪑	᪒	᪓	᪔	᪕	᪖	᪗	᪘	᪙
Shan	႐	႑	႒	႓	႔	႕	႖	႗	႘	႙
Khmer	០	១	២	៣	៤	៥	៦	៧	៨	៩
Thai	๐	๑	๒	๓	๔	๕	๖	๗	๘	๙
Lao	໐	໑	໒	໓	໔	໕	໖	໗	໘	໙
Cham	꩐	꩑	꩒	꩓	꩔	꩕	꩖	꩗	꩘	꩙
Balinese	᭐	᭑	᭒	᭓	᭔	᭕	᭖	᭗	᭘	᭙
Javanese	꧐	꧑	꧒	꧓	꧔	꧕	꧖	꧗	꧘	꧙
Sundanese	᮰	᮱	᮲	᮳	᮴	᮵	᮶	᮷	᮸	᮹
Hindu-Arabic	0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9

Notes

1. ^ Mongolian numerals are derived from Tibetan numerals and used in conjunction with the Mongolian and Clear script
2. ^ for everyday use
3. ^ for liturgical use

List of Brahmic scripts

Historical

The Brahmi script was already divided into regional variants at the time of the earliest surviving epigraphy around the 3rd century BC. Cursives of the Brahmi script began to diversify further from around the 5th century AD and continued to give rise to new scripts throughout the Middle Ages. The main division in antiquity was between northern and

Vatteluttu and Kadamba/Pallava scripts with the spread of Buddhism sent Brahmic scripts throughout Southeast Asia.^{[citation needed}

]

Early Brahmic scripts
IAST	Ashoka	Girnar	Chandra -gupta	Gujarat	Prayagraj	Narbada	Kistna
a
ā
i
ī
u
ū
ṛ
e
ai
o
au
k
kh
g
gh
ṅ
c
ch
j
jh
ñ
ṭ
ṭh
ḍ
ḍh
ṇ
t
th
d
dh
n
p
ph
b
bh
m
y
r
l
v
ś
ṣ
s
h

Further information: Malabar script

Northern Brahmic

• Gupta, 4th century
  • Sharada
    • Landa
      • Gurmukhi
      • Khojki
      • Khudabadi
      • Mahajani
      • Multani
    • Takri
      • Chamba
      • Dogri
      • Sirmauri
  • Siddhaṃ
    • Nagari
      • Devanagari
      • Modi
      • Gujarati
      • Nandinagari
      • Kaithi
        • Sylheti Nagari
    • Kamarupi
      • Assamese^[5]
    • Gaudi
      • Bengali–Assamese (Eastern Nagari)
        • Assamese^[5]
        • Bengali
      • Tirhuta (Mithilakshar)
      • Odia
    • Nepalese
      • Bhujimol
      • Ranjana
        • Soyombo
      • Pracalit
  • Tibetan
    • Meetei Mayek
    • Lepcha
      • Limbu
    • Khema
    • ʼPhags-pa
      • Zanabazar square
    • Marchen
      • Marchung
      • Pungs-chen
      • Pungs-chung
      • Drusha
  • Dives Akuru
  • Kalinga
  • Bhaiksuki
• Tocharian (Slanting Brahmi)

Southern Brahmic

• Sinhala
• Bhattiprolu
  • Kadamba
    • Telugu-Kannada
      • Telugu
      • Kannada
        • Goykanadi
• Tamil-Brahmi, 2nd century BC
  • Pallava
    • Tamil
    • Grantha
      • Malayalam
      • Tigalari
      • Saurashtra
    • Khmer
      • Khom Thai
      • Proto-Tai script?
        • Sukhothai
          • Thai
          • Fakkham
            • Thai Noi
              • Lao
        • Tai Viet
        • Dai Don
        • Lai Tay
        • Lai Pao
    • Cham
    • Kawi
      • Balinese
      • Batak
      • Buda
      • Javanese
      • Old Sundanese
        • Sundanese
      • Lontara
      • Makasar
      • Ulu scripts
        • Incung
        • Lampung
        • Lembak
        • Ogan
        • Pasemah
        • Rejang
        • Serawai
      • Baybayin
        • Buhid
        • Hanunó'o
        • Tagbanwa
        • Kulitan
        • Basahan
    • Mon–Burmese
      • Modern Mon
      • Burmese
        • Chakma
        • S'gaw Karen
        • Shan
        • Tanchangya
        • Lik-Tai scripts
          • Ahom
          • Khamti
          • Tai Le
      • Tai Tham
        • New Tai Lue
    • Pyu
  • Vatteluttu
    • Kolezhuthu
    • Malayanma

Unicode of Brahmic scripts

As of Unicode version 15.1, the following Brahmic scripts have been encoded:

script	derivation	Period of derivation	usage notes	ISO 15924	Unicode range(s)	sample
Ahom	Burmese[6]	13th century	Extinct Ahom language	Ahom	U+11700–U+1174F	𑜒𑜠𑜑𑜨𑜉
Balinese	Kawi	11th century	Balinese language	Bali	U+1B00–U+1B7F	ᬅᬓ᭄ᬲᬭᬩᬮᬶ
Batak	Pallava	14th century	Batak languages	Batk	U+1BC0–U+1BFF	ᯘᯮᯒᯖ᯲ ᯅᯖᯂ᯲
Baybayin	Kawi	14th century	Tagalog, other Philippine languages	Tglg	U+1700–U+171F	ᜊᜌ᜔ᜊᜌᜒᜈ᜔
Eastern Nagari )	Siddhaṃ	11th century	Manipuri")[7]	Beng	U+0980–U+09FF	অসমীয়া লিপি বাংলা লিপি
Bhaiksuki	Gupta	11th century	Was used around the turn of the first millennium for writing Sanskrit	Bhks	U+11C00–U+11C6F	𑰥𑰹𑰎𑰿𑰬𑰲𑰎𑰱
Buhid	Kawi	14th century	Buhid language	Buhd	U+1740–U+175F	ᝊᝓᝑᝒᝇ
Mon-Burmese	Pallava	11th century	Pwo Karen, Geba Karen, Kayah, Rumai Palaung, S'gaw Karen, Shan	Mymr	U+1000–U+109F, U+A9E0–U+A9FF, U+AA60–U+AA7F	မြန်မာအက္ခရာ
Chakma	Burmese	8th century	Chakma language	Cakm	U+11100–U+1114F	𑄌𑄋𑄴𑄟𑄳𑄦
Cham	Pallava	8th century	Cham language	Cham	U+AA00–U+AA5F	ꨌꩌ
Devanagari	Nagari	13th century	Several Nepal Bhasa, Sherpa etc.), Mundari (Austroasiatic language ) and others.	Deva	U+0900–U+097F, U+A8E0–U+A8FF, U+11B00–U+11B5F	देवनागरी
Dhives Akuru	Gupta	Before 6th-8th century	Was used to write the Maldivian language up until the 20th century.[8]	Diak	U+11900–U+1195F	𑤞𑥂𑤧𑤭𑥂
Dogra	Takri		Was used to write Dogri. Dogra script is closely related to Takri.[9]	Dogr	U+11800–U+1184F	𑠖𑠵𑠌𑠤𑠬
Grantha	Pallava	6th century	Restricted use in traditional Vedic schools to write Sanskrit. Was widely used by Tamil speakers for Sanskrit and the classical language Manipravalam.	Gran	U+11300–U+1137F	𑌗𑍍𑌰𑌨𑍍𑌥
Gujarati	Nagari	17th century	Gujarati language, Kutchi language	Gujr	U+0A80–U+0AFF	ગુજરાતી લિપિ
Gunjala Gondi	uncertain	16th century	Used for writing the Adilabad dialect of the Gondi language.[10]	Gong	U+11D60–U+11DAF	𑵶𑶍𑶕𑶀𑵵𑶊 𑵶𑶓𑶕𑶂𑶋‎
Gurmukhi	Sharada	16th century	Punjabi language	Guru	U+0A00–U+0A7F	ਗੁਰਮੁਖੀ
Hanunó'o	Kawi	14th century	Hanuno'o language	Hano	U+1720–U+173F	ᜱᜨᜳᜨᜳᜢ
Javanese	Kawi	16th century	Javanese language, Sundanese language, Madurese language	Java	U+A980–U+A9DF	ꦄꦏ꧀ꦱꦫꦗꦮ
Kaithi	Nagari	16th century	Historically used for writing legal, administrative, and private records.	Kthi	U+11080–U+110CF	𑂍𑂶𑂟𑂲
Kannada	Telugu-Kannada	Around 4th-6th century	Sanskrit, Kannada, Konkani, Tulu, Badaga, Kodava, Beary, others	Knda	U+0C80–U+0CFF	ಕನ್ನಡ ಅಕ್ಷರಮಾಲೆ
Kawi	Pallava	8th century	Kawi was found primarily in Java and used across much of Maritime Southeast Asia between the 8th century and the 16th century.[11]	Kawi	U+11F00–U+11F5F	𑼒𑼮𑼶
Khmer	Pallava	11th century	Khmer language	Khmr	U+1780–U+17FF, U+19E0–U+19FF	អក្សរខ្មែរ
Khojki	Landa	16th century	Some use by Ismaili communities. Was used by the Khoja community for Muslim religious literature.	Khoj	U+11200–U+1124F	𑈉𑈲𑈐𑈈𑈮
Khudawadi	Landa	16th century	Was used by Sindhi communities for correspondence and business records.	Sind	U+112B0–U+112FF	𑊻𑋩𑋣𑋏𑋠𑋔𑋠𑋏𑋢
Lao	Khmer	14th century	Lao language, others	Laoo	U+0E80–U+0EFF	ອັກສອນລາວ
Lepcha	Tibetan	8th century	Lepcha language	Lepc	U+1C00–U+1C4F	ᰛᰩᰴ‎
Limbu	Lepcha	9th century	Limbu language	Limb	U+1900–U+194F	ᤛᤡᤖᤡᤈᤨᤅ
Lontara	Kawi	17th century	Buginese language, others	Bugi	U+1A00–U+1A1F	ᨒᨚᨈᨑ
Mahajani	Landa	16th century	Historically used in northern India for writing accounts and financial records.	Mahj	U+11150–U+1117F	𑅬𑅱𑅛𑅧𑅑‎
Makasar	Kawi	17th century	Was used in South Sulawesi, Indonesia for writing the Makassarese language.[12] Makasar script is also known as "Old Makassarese" or "Makassarese bird script" in English-language scholarly works.[13]	Maka	U+11EE0–U+11EFF	𑻪𑻢𑻪𑻢
Malayalam	Grantha	12th century	Malayalam	Mlym	U+0D00–U+0D7F	മലയാളലിപി
Marchen	Tibetan	7th century	Was used in the Tibetan Bön tradition to write the extinct Zhang-Zhung language	Marc	U+11C70–U+11CBF	𑱳𑲁𑱽𑱾𑲌𑱵𑲋𑲱𑱴𑱶𑲱𑲅𑲊𑱱‎
Meetei Mayek	Tibetan[verification needed]	6th century[14]	officially used for Manipuri") in accordance to "The Manipur Official Language (Amendment) Act, 2021"[15]	Mtei	U+AAE0–U+AAFF, U+ABC0–U+ABFF	ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ
Modi	Nāgarī	17th century	Was used to write the Marathi language	Modi	U+11600–U+1165F	𑘦𑘻𑘚𑘲‎
Multani	Landa		Was used to write the Multani language	Mult	U+11280–U+112AF	𑊠𑊣𑊖𑊚‎
Nandinagari	Nāgarī	7th century	Historically used to write Sanskrit in southern India	Nand	U+119A0–U+119FF	𑧁𑧞𑦿𑧒𑧁𑧑𑦰𑧈𑧓
New Tai Lue	Tai Tham	1950s	Tai Lü language	Talu	U+1980–U+19DF	ᦟᦲᧅᦎᦷᦺᦑ
Odia	Siddhaṃ	13th century	Odia language	Orya	U+0B00–U+0B7F	ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅକ୍ଷର
ʼPhags-pa	Tibetan	13th century	Historically used during the Mongol Yuan dynasty.	Phag	U+A840–U+A87F	ꡖꡍꡂꡛ ꡌ
Prachalit (Newa)	Nepal		Has been used for writing the Sanskrit, Nepali, Hindi, Bengali, and Maithili languages	Newa	U+11400–U+1147F	𑐥𑑂𑐬𑐔𑐮𑐶𑐟‎
Rejang	Kawi	18th century	Rejang language , mostly obsolete	Rjng	U+A930–U+A95F	ꥆꤰ꥓ꤼꤽ ꤽꥍꤺꥏ
Saurashtra	Grantha	20th century	Saurashtra language, mostly obsolete	Saur	U+A880–U+A8DF	ꢱꣃꢬꢵꢰ꣄ꢜ꣄ꢬꢵ‎
Sharada	Gupta	8th century	Was used for writing Sanskrit and Kashmiri	Shrd	U+11180–U+111DF	𑆯𑆳𑆫𑆢𑆳
Siddham	Gupta	7th century	Was used for writing Sanskrit	Sidd	U+11580–U+115FF	𑖭𑖰𑖟𑖿𑖠𑖽
Sinhala	Brahmi[16]	4th century[17]	Sinhala language	Sinh	U+0D80–U+0DFF, U+111E0–U+111FF	ශුද්ධ සිංහල
Sundanese	Kawi	14th century	Sundanese language	Sund	U+1B80–U+1BBF, U+1CC0–U+1CCF	ᮃᮊ᮪ᮞᮛ ᮞᮥᮔ᮪ᮓ
Sylheti Nagari	Nagari	16th century	Historically used for writing the Sylheti language	Sylo	U+A800–U+A82F	ꠍꠤꠟꠐꠤ ꠘꠣꠉꠞꠤ
Tagbanwa	Kawi	14th century	Various languages of Palawan, nearly extinct	Tagb	U+1760–U+177F	ᝦᝪᝨᝯ
Tai Le	Mon	13th century	Tai Nüa language	Tale	U+1950–U+197F	ᥖᥭᥰᥖᥬᥳᥑᥨᥒᥰ
Tai Tham	Mon	13th century	Tai Lü language, Khün language	Lana	U+1A20–U+1AAF	ᨲᩫ᩠ᩅᨾᩮᩬᩥᨦ
Tai Viet	Thai	16th century	Tai Dam language	Tavt	U+AA80–U+AADF	ꪼꪕꪒꪾ
Takri	Sharada	16th century	Was used for writing Chambeali , and other languages	Takr	U+11680–U+116CF	𑚔𑚭𑚊𑚤𑚯
Tamil	Pallava	2nd century	Tamil language	Taml	U+0B80–U+0BFF, U+11FC0–U+11FFF	தமிழ் அரிச்சுவடி
Telugu	Telugu-Kannada	5th century	Telugu language	Telu	U+0C00–U+0C7F	తెలుగు లిపి
Thai	Old Khmer	13th century	Thai language	Thai	U+0E00–U+0E7F	อักษรไทย
Tibetan	Gupta	8th century	Classical Tibetan, Dzongkha, Ladakhi language	Tibt	U+0F00–U+0FFF	བོད་ཡིག་
Tirhuta	Siddham	13th century	Historically used for the Maithili language	Tirh	U+11480–U+114DF	𑒞𑒱𑒩𑒯𑒳𑒞𑒰‎

See also

• Devanagari transliteration
  • International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration
  • National Library at Kolkata romanisation
• Bharati Braille, the unified braille assignments of Indian languages
• Indus script – symbols produced by the Indus Valley Civilisation
• Indian Script Code for Information Interchange (ISCII) – the coding scheme specifically designed to represent Indic scripts

References

1. ^
   ISBN 978-0-521-65320-6
   .
2. ISSN 2339-8523
   .
3. ^ Court, C. (1996). Introduction. In P. T. Daniels & W. Bright (Eds.) The World's Writing Systems (pp. 443). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
4. ^ Court, C. (1996). The spread of Brahmi Script into Southeast Asia. In P. T. Daniels & W. Bright (Eds.) The World's Writing Systems (pp. 445–449). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
5. ^
   ISSN 1387-6732
   .
6. ^ Terwiel; Khamdaengyodtai (2003). Shan Manuscripts, Part 1. p. 13.
7. ^ "GAZETTE TITLE: The Manipur Official Language (Amendment) Act, 2021". manipurgovtpress.nic.in.
8. ^ Pandey, Anshuman (23 January 2018). "L2/18-016R: Proposal to encode Dives Akuru in Unicode" (PDF).
9. ^ Pandey, Anshuman (4 November 2015). "L2/15-234R: Proposal to encode the Dogra script" (PDF).
10. ISBN 978-1-936213-19-1
    .
11. ^ Aditya Bayu Perdana and Ilham Nurwansah 2020. Proposal to encode Kawi
12. ISBN 978-1-936213-19-1
    .
13. ^ Pandey, Anshuman (2 November 2015). "L2/15-233: Proposal to encode the Makasar script in Unicode" (PDF).
14. ISBN 978-81-260-1803-1
    . The coins of Urakonthauba (568-653) and Ayangba (821-910) in the Mutua Museum, Imphal bear evidence of early existence of old Manipuri alphabet.
15. ^ "GAZETTE TITLE: The Manipur Official Language (Amendment) Act, 2021". manipurgovtpress.nic.in.
16. ^ Daniels (1996), p. 379.
17. ^ Diringer, David (1948). Alphabet a key to the history of mankind. p. 389.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Brahmic scripts.

• Online Tool which supports Conversion between various Brahmic Scripts
• Windows Indic Script Support
• An Introduction to Indic Scripts
• South Asian Writing Systems
• Enhanced Indic Transliterator Archived 8 April 2017 at the Wayback Machine Transliterate from romanised script to Indian Languages.
• Indian Transliterator A means to transliterate from romanised to Unicode Indian scripts.
• Imperial Brahmi Font and Text-Editor Archived 26 August 2009 at the Wayback Machine
• Brahmi Script
• Xlit: Tool for Transliteration between English and Indian Languages
• Padma: Transformer for Indic Scripts Archived 1 October 2019 at the Wayback Machine – a Firefox add-on