Braniewo
Braniewo | ||
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Car plates NBR | | |
Climate | Dfb | |
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Website | http://www.braniewo.pl/ |
Braniewo (
Braniewo is the second biggest city of Warmia after Olsztyn and one of the historical centers of the region.
Location
Braniewo lies on the Pasłęka River about 5 km from the Vistula Lagoon, about 35 km northeast of Elbląg and 55 km (34 mi) southwest of Kaliningrad (Polish: Królewiec). The Polish border with Russia's Kaliningrad Oblast lies 6 km north, and may be reached from Braniewo via National road 54.
History
Middle Ages
According to the German geographer
In 1243, the settlement and the surrounding region of
In 1296, a
Modern era
After the secularization of the Teutonic Order in 1525, a large part of its residents converted to
Braniewo was occupied by
The Polish, and mainly Catholic town was annexed by the mostly Protestant Kingdom of Prussia in 1772 during the First Partition of Poland and made part of the newly formed province of East Prussia the following year.
19th and 20th centuries
Braunsberg obtained its first railway connection with the rest of the kingdom via the
The Second World War turned much of the town into ruins. After three and a half years of savage warfare, Soviet forces began their assault on German land by attacking East Prussia on Jan. 13, 1945. Red Army formations reached the Vistula Lagoon north of Braunsberg on Jan. 26. In early February, German civilians began fleeing from Braunsberg across the ice of the frozen lagoon to the Vistula Spit, from which many journeyed to either Danzig (Gdańsk) or Pillau (Baltiysk), and managed to board German ships that made the perilous voyage westward. Braunsberg was captured by Soviet troops on March 20, 1945.
Heavy fighting and wanton destruction afterwards had left the town about 80 percent destroyed, including much of its historic town center, largely consumed by fire. Under the Soviet Union's re-drawing of borders within the Potsdam Agreement, the town became again part of Poland, and was partially repopulated by Polish settlers, many of whom came from areas of eastern Poland annexed by the Soviet Union.
In 2001 the St. Catherine Church, built in 1346, destroyed in 1945, and rebuilt after 1979, was declared a Basilica Minor. This Gothic Hall church was built on a site which had held a previous wooden Church of St. Catherine since 1280. Prince-Bishop
Number of inhabitants by year
Year | Number |
---|---|
1782 | 4,370 |
1831 | 7,144 |
1900 | 12,497 |
1925 | 13,900 |
1939 | 21,142 |
2004 | 18,068 |
2021[1] | 16,907 |
Political timeline
- 1240 first mentioned as part of the monastic state of the Teutonic Knights
- 1254 Lübeck law rights granted
- 1454 incorporation to the Kingdom of Poland, upon the request of the Prussian Confederation
- 1466 province of Greater Poland
- 1772 First Partition of Poland: became part of the Kingdom of Prussia
- 1871 German Empire founded: the town automatically part of it
- 1945 Occupation by Soviet Red Army, then became again part of Poland.
Economy
The Browar Braniewo ("Braniewo Brewery") is located in the town.
Sports
The local football team is Zatoka Braniewo , which competes in the lower leagues.
Notable residents
- Stanislaus Hosius (1504–1579), Polish Catholic cardinal, prince-bishop, founder of the Collegium Hosianum
- Regina Protmann (1522–1613), Polish Catholic nun, charity pioneer.
- Andrew Bobola (1591–1657), Polish missionary, martyr and Catholic saint.
- August Willich (1810–1878), German politician and general.
- Karl Weierstrass (1815–1897), German mathematician.
- Gustavus von Tempsky (1828–1868), German newspaper correspondent and soldier.
- Elimar Klebs (1852–1918), German historian
- Samuel Oppenheim (1857–1928), Austrian astronomer.
- Konrad Zuse (1910-1995), German civil engineer, inventor and computer pioneer.
- Rainer Barzel (1924–2006), German politician (Christian Democratic Union).
- Hartmut Bagger (born 1938), postwar German general (Bundeswehr).
- Bartosz Białkowski (born 1987), Polish footballer (soccer player) on several British teams.
- Tomasz Ptak (born 1992), Polish footballer for Zakota Braniewo
International relations
Twin towns — sister cities
Braniewo is
Former twin towns:
In March 2022, Braniewo terminated its partnership with the Russian city of Zelenogradsk as a reaction to the
References
- ^ a b c "Local Data Bank". Statistics Poland. Retrieved 2022-06-01. Data for territorial unit 2802011.
- ^ Bruno von Schauenburg is also known as the founder of the village of Brušperk in Bohemia, the German name of which also is Braunsberg.
- ^ Górski, Karol (1949). Związek Pruski i poddanie się Prus Polsce: zbiór tekstów źródłowych (in Polish). Poznań: Instytut Zachodni. p. 11.
- ^ Górski, p. 72
- ^ Górski, p. 99
- ^ "Dzieje Rodu Zebrzydowskich". Kalwaria.eu (in Polish). Retrieved 11 July 2020.
- ^ Maciej Kazimierz Sarblewski, Epigrammatum liber/Księga epigramatów, Wydawnictwo IBL, 2003, p. 6 (in Polish)
- ^ Ludwik Grzebień. "Jan Mikołaj Smogulecki h. Grzymała". Internetowy Polski Słownik Biograficzny (in Polish). Retrieved 11 July 2020.
- ^ "Gabriel Podoski". Prymas Polski (in Polish). Retrieved 1 July 2020.
- ^ Mike Pincombe "Life and Death on the Habsburg–Ottoman Frontier: Bálint Balassi's 'In Laudem Confiniorum' and Other Soldier-sings', in "Borders and Travellers in Early Modern Europe", edited by Thomas Betteridge, Ashgate, 2007, p. 85
- ^ "Braniewo zrywa współpracę z rosyjskimi miastami partnerskimi" (in Polish). Retrieved 14 March 2022.
External links
- Municipal website (in Polish)
- City business page (in Polish)
- History of Braniewo (in Polish)
- Local community website Archived 2009-03-03 at the Wayback Machine (in Polish)
- Map of Braniewo (in Polish)
- Street plan (in Polish)