Brazilian Democratic Movement
This article needs additional citations for verification. (November 2012) |
Brazilian Democratic Movement Movimento Democrático Brasileiro | ||
---|---|---|
State Assemblies 147 / 1,024 | ||
Mayors | 1,022 / 5,570 | |
City Councillors | 7,825 / 56,810 | |
Website | ||
www | ||
The Brazilian Democratic Movement (Portuguese: Movimento Democrático Brasileiro, MDB) is a Brazilian political party. It is considered a "big tent party" and it is one of the parties with the greatest representation throughout the national territory, with the most numbers of senators, mayors and city councillors,[12][13][14] always having formed a large part of the National Congress since 1988, and also has the largest number of affiliates, with 2,043,709 members as of July 2023.[15]
Originally, the MDB was founded on 1965 as part of an enforced
After the redemocratization of Brazil, MDB became a
History
Under military rule from 1965 to 1979, Brazil had a legally enforced two party system, with supporters of the regime gathered under the
For much of the first decade-and-a-half of the military dictatorship, ARENA had large majorities in the federal and state legislatures, and the MDB was virtually powerless. Since the president was indirectly elected by Congress, ARENA's candidate—in practice, selected by the military high command—could not possibly be defeated. The MDB did not even put forward candidates in the first post-coup elections, in 1966 and 1969. While the MDB did put forward presidential candidates in 1974 and 1978, they were soundly defeated.
Starting in 1979,
The MDB had been a
In 1985, party leader Tancredo Neves won the presidential election, but died before taking office. His running mate José Sarney, who had recently joined the party after defecting from the political wing of the military, became president, serving until 1990. Up until 2016, he was the only president of Brazil to come from the party. In recent presidential elections the party has not run candidates of its own, preferring to focus on congressional and gubernatorial elections.
At the legislative elections on 6 October 2002, the party won 74 out of 513 seats in the Chamber of Deputies and 19 out of 81 seats in the Senate, making it one of the biggest parties in Brazil.
The party decided not to launch a candidate for the 2006 presidential election in order to be free to join any coalition in the states. Under Brazilian electoral law then, parties launching presidential candidates could not form alliances at the state level that differed at the national level (this norm was subsequently repealed). At the congressional elections in October 2006, PMDB won 89 of 513 seats in the Chamber of Deputies, becoming its biggest party; and in the Senate it had 15 of the 81 seats after its one-third renovation, becoming the third-largest party. PMDB also won seven state gubernatorial elections in the same election.
In 2010, the party made gains in the Senate, winning 16 of the elected seats for a total of 20. It was somewhat weakened in other elections, winning 79 seats in the Chamber of Deputies (becoming the second largest party) and winning five state governorships.
Notable PMDB members included: Wanderlei Silva, Tancredo Neves, Ulysses Guimarães, Itamar Franco, Orestes Quércia, Michel Temer, Anthony Garotinho, José Sarney, Renan Calheiros, Pedro Simon, Roberto Requião, Germano Rigotto, Paulo Skaf, Ramez Tebet, Marcelo Fortuna, Iris Rezende and Maguito Vilela.
On 29 March 2016, PMDB announced that it was leaving the coalition with the
On 19 December 2017, the party reverted to its former name, Brazilian Democratic Movement (
The PMDB is the Brazilian political party that received the most bribes from Odebrecht. The company's "institutional relations" manager, Melo Filho, says he can find among the PMDB senators "the parliamentarians most devoted to the group's interests", but also those "who asked for the highest contributions".[28]
Ideology
The original MDB was founded as a legal, civil movement of opposition to
Many Christian democrats,
The left-wing loss was strong, and as such, the positions of those who left were replaced eventually by dissidents of centrist, centre-left and even right-wing parties, who joined to avoid falling out of power (as independent candidates are not allowed to run in elections in Brazil) and/or losing feuds with local or national party leadership. This replacement changed the character of the party from a catch-all party to a centrist one with a visible centre-right tendency. The party denied the centre-right character or any strict adherence to any political ideology. The party maintains that it is an open party for any and all Brazilians committed to democracy.
The party's programme from 2015 is based on the document "Bridge to the Future" detailing the measures to be taken to modernise Brazil, including reform of the labour code, overhaul of the pension system, privatisation of some public companies and reduction of some social rights.[29]
Electoral history
Presidential elections
Election | Party candidate | Running mate | Coalition | Votes | % | Votes | % | Result |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
First round | Second round | |||||||
1974 | Ulysses Guimarães (MDB) | Barbosa Lima Sobrinho (MDB) | None | 76 | 16,0% | - | - | Lost |
1978 | Euler Bentes Moreiro (MDB) | Paulo Brossard (MDB) | None | 226 | 38.9% | - | - | Lost |
1985 | Tancredo Neves (PMDB) | José Sarney (PMDB) | MDB; PFL | 480 | 72.73% | - | - | Elected |
1989 | Ulysses Guimarães (PMDB) | Waldir Pires (PMDB) | None | 3,204,853 | 4.7% | - | - | Lost |
1994 | Orestes Quércia (PMDB) | Iris de Araújo (PMDB) | PMDB; PSD | 2,773,497 | 4.4% | - | - | Lost |
2002 | José Serra (PSDB) | Rita Camata (PMDB) | PSDB; PMDB | 19,705,061 | 23.19% | 33,370,739 | 38.72% | Lost |
2006 | None | None | None | - | - | - | - | - |
2010
|
Dilma Rousseff (PT) | Michel Temer (PMDB) | ( PTC; PTN )
|
47,651,434 | 46.91% | 55,752,529 | 56.05% | Elected |
2014 | () | 43,267,668 | 41.59% | 54,501,119 | 51.64% | Elected | ||
2018 | Henrique Meirelles (MDB) | Germano Rigotto (MDB) | (MDB; PHS )
|
1,288,948 | 1.20% | - | - | Lost |
2022 | Simone Tebet (MDB) | Mara Gabrilli (PSDB) | (MDB; PSDB; Cidadania; PODE) | 4,915,420 | 4.16% | - | - | Lost |
Legislative elections
Election | Chamber of Deputies | Federal Senate
|
Role in government | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Votes | % | Seats | +/– | Votes | % | Seats | +/– | ||
1966
|
4,915,470 | 36.0% | 132 / 409
|
New | 5,911,361 | 43.4% | 4 / 23
|
New | Opposition |
1970
|
4,777,927 | 30.5% | 87 / 310
|
45 | 13,440,875 | 39.6% | 6 / 46
|
2 | Opposition |
1974
|
10,954,359 | 48.0% | 161 / 364
|
74 | 14,486,252 | 59.0% | 16 / 22
|
10 | Opposition |
1978
|
14,803,526 | 49.6% | 191 / 422
|
30 | 17,432,948 | 57.1% | 8 / 23
|
8 | Opposition |
1982
|
17,666,773 | 43.0% | 200 / 479
|
9 | 18,410,338 | 43.7% | 9 / 25
|
1 | Opposition |
1986
|
22,633,805 | 47.8% | 260 / 487
|
60 | N/A | N/A | 38 / 49
|
29 | Coalition |
1990
|
7,798,653 | 19.3% | 108 / 502
|
152 | N/A | N/A | 8 / 31
|
30 | Coalition |
1994 | 9,287,049 | 20.3% | 107 / 513
|
1 | 14,870,466 | 15.5% | 14 / 54
|
6 | Coalition |
1998 | 10,105,609 | 15.2% | 83 / 513
|
24 | 13,414,074 | 21.7% | 26 / 81
|
18 | Coalition |
2002 | 11,692,011 | 13.4% | 76 / 513
|
7 | 25,199,662 | 15.4% | 19 / 81
|
7 | Opposition |
2006 | 13,580,517 | 14.6% | 89 / 513
|
13 | 10,148,024 | 12.0% | 16 / 81
|
3 | Coalition |
2010 | 12,537,252 | 13.0% | 79 / 513
|
10 | 23,998,949 | 14.1% | 19 / 81
|
3 | Coalition |
2014 | 10,791,949 | 11.09% | 66 / 513
|
13 | 12,129,969 | 13.58% | 18 / 81
|
1 | Coalition |
2018 | 5,439,167 | 5.5% | 34 / 513
|
17 | 12,800,290 | 7.5% | 12 / 81
|
6 | Coalition |
2022 | 7,992,988 | 7.2% | 42 / 513
|
8 | 3,882,458 | 3.8% | 10 / 81
|
2 | Coalition (2022–2023) |
Independent (2023–2024) | |||||||||
Coalition (2024–) |
References
- ^ Rhodes, Sybil (2006). Social Movements and Free-Market Capitalism in Latin America. State University of New York Press. p. 117.
- ^ Lansford, Tom, ed. (2014). "Switzerland". Political Handbook of the World 2014. CQ Press/SAGE. p. 183.
- ^ "Direita ou esquerda? Análise de votações indica posição de partidos brasileiros no espectro ideológico". BBC News Brasil.
- ^ Tähtinen, Lauri (25 October 2022). "Brazil: Five Phenomena and Three Scenarios". Center for Strategic and International Studies. Retrieved 31 October 2022.
- ^ Narloch, Leandro (31 July 2020). "PMDB, o partido da malemolência". VEJA (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 31 October 2022.
- ISBN 9781000057683.
- ^ "Michel Temer: Brazil ex-president arrested in corruption probe". BBC. 21 March 2019. Retrieved 18 June 2020.
Mr Temer, from the centre-right MDB party, took over the Brazilian presidency in August 2016 following the impeachment of leftist Dilma Rousseff, a process in which he played a key role.
- ISBN 9780195170559.
In 1982 São Paulo's governor, Franco Montoro of the centrist Brazilian Democratic Movement Party (PMDB), created the Council for Participation and Development of the Black Community.
- ISBN 9780199721245.
Garotinho, however, continued in the political limelight, joining the centrist Brazilian Democratic Movement Party (PMDB; Partido do Movimento Democra ́tico Brasileiro), and positioning himself to run as the PMDB candidate in the 2006 presidential election.
- ^ Power, Timothy J. (2008). Kingstone, Peter (ed.). Centering Democracy?: Ideological Cleavages and Convergence in the Brazilian Political Class. University of Pittsburgh Press. p. 89.
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ignored (help) - ^ Porto, Mauro P. (2008). Democratization and Election News Coverage in Brazil. Routledge. p. 253.
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:|work=
ignored (help) - ^ "Senadores em Exercício - Senado Federal". www25.senado.leg.br. Retrieved 13 October 2022.
- ^ "PATRI". datapedia.info. Retrieved 13 October 2022.
- ^ "DEM, PP e PSD aumentam número de vereadores no Brasil; MDB, PT, PSDB, PDT e PSB registram redução". G1 (in Brazilian Portuguese). 17 November 2020. Retrieved 13 October 2022.
- ^ "Estatísticas do eleitorado – Eleitores filiados". Archived from the original on 11 July 2014. Retrieved 13 October 2022.
- ^ "Aprovada mudança do nome do Partido do Movimento Democrático Brasileiro (PMDB)". Tribunal Superior Eleitoral.
- ^ "Radar do Congresso". radar.congressoemfoco.com.br (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 13 October 2022.
- ^ a b c Wells, Miriam. "Meet the Kingmakers of Brasilia". Foreign Policy. Retrieved 14 October 2022.
- ^ a b c Benites, Talita Bedinelli, Afonso (19 December 2017). "PMDB volta a se chamar MDB: retorno ao passado para aplacar crise de imagem". El País Brasil (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 13 October 2022.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ a b "Centrão vive quarta encarnação, agora restrito ao fisiologismo". O Globo (in Brazilian Portuguese). 29 July 2018. Retrieved 13 October 2022.
- ^ "Pouco ou nada separa o MDB dos demais partidos do Centrão | Noblat". VEJA (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 2 November 2022.
- ^ Brasil, CPDOC-Centro de Pesquisa e Documentação História Contemporânea do. "PARTIDO DO MOVIMENTO DEMOCRATICO BRASILEIRO (PMDB)". CPDOC - Centro de Pesquisa e Documentação de História Contemporânea do Brasil (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 29 October 2022.
- ^ "Brazil's biggest party quits ruling coalition, Rousseff isolated". Reuters. 30 March 2016. Retrieved 28 August 2017.
- ^ "PMDB aprova mudança de sigla para MDB". Poder360 (in Brazilian Portuguese). 19 December 2017. Retrieved 20 December 2017.
- ^ "PMDB aprova mudança de nome e passa a ser chamado MDB". G1 (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 20 December 2017.
- ^ "PMDB muda nome para MDB e terá segmentos evangélico e socioambiental". Valor Econômico (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 20 December 2017.
- ^ "PMDB expulsa Kátia Abreu, e Requião pode ser o próximo". O Globo (in Brazilian Portuguese). 23 November 2017. Retrieved 20 December 2017.
- ^ "Brazil's Odebrecht scandal". October 2017.
- ^ "Bolsonarism without Bolsonaro for Brazil?". December 2021.