Brazilian jiu-jitsu
Brazilian jiu-jitsu (BJJ;
Brazilian jiu-jitsu was first developed in 1925 by Brazilian brothers
BJJ eventually came to be its own defined
BJJ revolves around the concept that a smaller, weaker person can successfully defend themselves against a bigger, stronger, heavier opponent by using leverage and weight distribution, taking the fight to the ground and using a number of holds and submissions to defeat them. BJJ training can be used for sport grappling and self-defense situations.
History
Origins
Maeda & Gracie
Gastão Gracie was a business partner of the American Circus in
In 1917 Gastão's eldest son
Although the
Name
The name "jiu-jitsu" derives from an older romanization of its original spelling in the West; the modern Hepburn romanization of 柔術 is "jūjutsu".
When Maeda left Japan, judo was still often referred to as "Kano jiu-jitsu",[14] or, even more generically, simply as jiu-jitsu.[15][16] Higashi, the co-author of The Complete Kano Jiu-Jitsu (Judo)[14] wrote in the foreword:
Some confusion has arisen over the employment of the term 'jiudo'. To make the matter clear I will state that jiudo is the term selected by Professor Kano as describing his system more accurately than jiu-jitsu does. Professor Kano is one of the leading educators of Japan, and it is natural that he should cast about for the technical word that would most accurately describe his system. But the Japanese people generally still cling to the more popular nomenclature and call it jiu-jitsu.[14]
Outside Japan, however, this distinction was noted even less. Thus, when Maeda and Satake arrived in Brazil in 1914, every newspaper announced their art as being "jiu-jitsu", despite both men being
It was not until 1925 that the Japanese government itself officially mandated that the correct name for the martial art taught in the Japanese public schools should be "judo" rather than "jujutsu".[17] In Brazil, the art is still called "jiu-jitsu". When the Gracies went to the United States and spread jiu-jitsu, they used the terms "Gracie jiu-jitsu" and non-Gracies using the term "Brazilian jiu-jitsu" to differentiate from the already present styles using similar-sounding names. In a 1994 interview with Yoshinori Nishi, Hélio Gracie said that he did not even know the word judo itself until the sport came in the 1950s to Brazil, because he heard that Mitsuyo Maeda called his style "jiu-jitsu".
The art is sometimes referred to as Gracie jiu-jitsu (GJJ), a name
Brazilian jiu-jitsu shares many techniques with the original
Divergence from Kodokan Judo and Jujutsu
Certain changes were made to the rules of judo after it was introduced to Brazil. Some of these rule changes sought to enhance it as a spectator sport, and to improve safety. Several of these rule changes de-emphasized the groundwork aspects of judo, and others have reduced the range of joint locks application. Brazilian jiu-jitsu since its inception did not strictly follow kodokan judo rules, this divergence helped BJJ develop a distinct identity becoming a groundwork and submission focus fighting style. This difference was later consolidated with the creation of a new set of rules that guide BJJ practice today.[23]
Even though BJJ uses and allows many of the techniques found in judo and jujutsu, the evolution of these techniques in BJJ has followed a distinct path, giving primary emphasis to ground fighting positions and maneuvers, and having the guard as the central working point of the fight. There's also a difference on how the fighting techniques are scored in competition. In BJJ positions such as the rear mount receive a higher score, and the focus of the fight is to establish a dominant position against the adversary on the ground and submit them using chokeholds or joint locks. By contrast in judo, throwing techniques are scored higher and can give a direct victory if executed correctly, the goal of the fight is to sweep or throw the opponent to the ground to win.
BJJ also allows heelhooks and knee-reaping which are prohibited in judo, and any takedowns used in wrestling, sambo, or other grappling arts, including direct attempts to take down by touching the legs or dragging the opponent to the ground.
Prominence
In 1972,
Style of fighting
This section needs additional citations for verification. (January 2016) |
Brazilian jiu-jitsu focuses on getting an opponent to the ground in order to neutralize possible strength or size advantages through
BJJ employs a wide range of takedown techniques to bring an opponent to the ground such as "pulling guard", which is not used in other combat sports such as judo or wrestling. Once the opponent is on the ground, a number of manoeuvres (and counter-manoeuvres) are available to manipulate the opponent into a suitable position for the application of a submission technique. Achieving a dominant position on the ground is one of the hallmarks of BJJ, which includes effective use of the guard position to defend oneself from bottom (using both submissions and sweeps, with sweeps leading to the possibility of dominant position or an opportunity to pass the guard), and passing the guard to dominate from top position with side control, mount, and back mount positions. This system of manoeuvring and manipulation can be likened to a form of kinetic or physical chess when executed by two experienced practitioners.[34] A submission hold in BJJ is often likened to the equivalent of "checkmate", where the opponent is left with no other option but to tap, be injured, or choked.
Renzo Gracie wrote in his book Mastering JUJITSU:
"The classical jujutsu of old Japan appeared to have no common strategy to guide a combatant over the course of a fight. Indeed, this was one of Kano's most fundamental and perceptive criticisms of the classical program." Maeda not only taught the art of judo to Carlos Gracie, but also taught a particular philosophy about the nature of combat developed by Kano, and further refined by Maeda based on his worldwide travels competing against fighters skilled in a wide variety of martial arts.[35]
The book details Maeda's theory as arguing that physical combat could be broken down into distinct phases, such as the striking phase, the grappling phase, the ground phase, etc. Thus, it was a smart fighter's task to keep the fight located in the phase of combat best suited to his own strengths. Renzo Gracie stated that this was a fundamental influence of the Gracie approach to combat. These strategies were further developed over time by the Gracie family, among others, and became prominent in contemporary MMA.
Ground fighting
Brazilian jiu-jitsu is mainly differentiated from other martial arts by its greater emphasis on ground fighting. BJJ places less emphasis on standing techniques, such as
Training methods
As BJJ focuses on submissions, sparring and live drilling ("rolling") become the most essential part of the training regime. This type of training allows practitioners to practice at full speed and with full strength, resembling the effort made in a competition. Training methods include drills in which techniques are practiced against a non-resisting and resisting partners; isolation sparring (commonly referred to as positional drilling) where only a certain technique or sets of techniques are used; and full sparring where each practitioner tries to submit their opponent through technique. Physical conditioning is also an important aspect of training.
The Gracie family lineage descended from Helio Gracie focuses on practical applications of BJJ that apply primarily to self-defense.[36] They will often run development drills in which a person is surrounded by a circle of other students who will attempt to attack the defending student, who in turn must defend themselves using techniques.
Etiquette & Customs
Brazilian jiu-jitsu gyms typically follow a set of ground rules to instill trust, respect, and cleanliness amongst students. Common practices include:
- Taking shoes off before stepping on the mat.
- Bowing before and after stepping on the mat.
- Lining up in rank order before and after class.
- Teaching or explaining techniques to lower ranked students.
- Addressing the teacher as coach or professor.
- Keeping your gi closed with a belt.
- Bowing or shaking hands before and after sparring.
- Covering any cuts with tape or gauze.
- Having good hygiene practices including brushing teeth, having a clean gi, and wearing deodorant.
Primary ground positions
This section needs additional citations for verification. (December 2009) |
Once on the ground, the BJJ practitioner strives to take a dominant or controlling position from where to apply submissions. These positions provide different submission or transition options.
Side control
In side control, the practitioner pins his opponent to the ground from the side of their torso. The top grappler lies across the opponent with weight applied to the opponent's chest. The opponent may be further controlled by pressure on either side of the shoulders and hips from the practitioner's elbows, shoulders, and knees. A wide variety of submissions can be initiated from side control. It is also referred to as the side mount and "cem quilos" (a hundred kilograms) in Brazilian Portuguese. Additionally, the typical side mount increases opportunity for the top grappler to advance to other dominant positions. This position is often used in MMA as it allows the top fighter to strike whilst overcoming their opponents defense. There are many variants of the side control position, including
Knee on belly position
The knee on belly position is a modified side pin that is distinctly separated from the side control position. The knee on belly position is characterized primarily by the control of the opponent with one leg out for base and balance and the other leg positioned across the opponent's torso pinning them to the ground. This form of pin is a mobile pin rather than a static pin and is considered a more dominant position in many grappling formats. The knee on belly position is worth additional points because it provides a greater striking platform than traditional side control and is closer to achieving the more ideal mounted position.[38]
Full mount
In the mount (or full mount) position, the practitioner sits astride the opponent's front torso or chest, controlling the opponent with his bodyweight and hips. In the strongest form of this position, the practitioner works his knees into the opponent's armpits to reduce arm movements and ability to move or counter submission attempts. Full Mount can be used to apply a variety of submissions including armlocks or chokes.
Back mount
When taking the back mount position (often known in Brazilian jiu-jitsu as the back grab or attacking the back), the practitioner attaches to the back of the opponent by wrapping his legs around and hooking the opponent's thighs with their heel,
North south position
The North South position occurs when a practitioner is lying on their back on the ground and their opponent is lying on top, with the head over the chest area and controlling the bottom practitioner's arms. As with most top controlling positions in BJJ, the top practitioner applies pressure by bringing their hips downwards towards the ground, generating what is referred to as dead weight. There are several submissions and transitions that are possible from the North South position, most commonly the North South choke, North South
Guards
When in the "Guard" position, the practitioner is on their back controlling an opponent with his legs. The bottom practitioner pushes and pulls with the legs or feet to unbalance and limit the movements of his opponent. This position allows practitioners a wide variety of counter-attacks from the bottom position, including submissions and sweeps.
The three most common types of guards include the Closed Guard, Half Guard, and Open Guard.
In closed guard, the bottom grappler has his legs around the opponent's hips, with ankles closed together to control their opponent. The closed guard can be an effective position. This guard allows many setups for submissions such as joint locks and chokes, as well as sweeps. In the open guard, the legs are not hooked together and the bottom grappler uses his legs or feet to push or pull their opponent.
There are many variations of open guard with distinct names and positioning including the Butterfly Guard, De La Riva Guard, X-Guard, Rubber guard, Spider Guard, Octopus Guard, Lapel Guard, Worm Guard (made popular by Keenan Cornelius) and others. Butterfly guard is when the bottom grappler brings his legs up and feet together against the inner thighs of top opponent. The name is derived from the resulting butterfly wing shape. Butterfly guard increases both space to maneuver and the ability to counter the opponent with the shins or arches of the feet against the competitor's inner thighs. Spider guard is when the bottom grappler puts one or two of his feet on his opponents arms, this guard is effective at keeping control on the bottom and can be used to set up sweeps or submissions.
In the half guard, one of the top grappler's legs is controlled by the bottom grappler's legs, preventing the top opponent from passing side control or full mount positions. There is also a variant of half guard called "50/50 guard", which consist of each opponent usually in sitting positions with one of their legs hooking the same leg of their opponent in a mirrored fashion. This position is called 50/50 because neither opponent has a distinct advantage, where both sides have the same possibilities of sweeps and attacks.
Another variation of the half guard position is the "deep half guard", which involves the bottom grappler positioning themselves underneath their opponent, grabbing the top grappler's thigh. This gives the individual on the bottom the opportunity to sweep their opponent, and end up on a more dominant, top position. This position was popularized by American BJJ Black Belt, Jeff Glover.[40]
Wrestling Positions
Wrestling (freestyle, Greco-Roman, American folkstyle/collegiate, and others) are having an impact on technique in Brazilian jiu-jitsu. The two forms of grappling are distantly related. Wrestling focuses on the shoulder pin while BJJ is positional points and submissions. Many of the major national and international level competitors have begun to pursue wrestling for its take down skills enhancement that BJJ has left behind in its divergence from its judo roots. Wrestling take downs and control techniques are delivering excellent take down development for throwing the opponent, leg attacks such as single leg and double leg, and attacking turtle guard.[citation needed]
Submissions
The majority of submission holds can be grouped into two broad categories:
Compression locks
See also Compression lock
A less common type of submission hold is a compression lock, where the muscle of an opponent is compressed against a hard, large bone (commonly the shin or wrist), causing significant pain to the opponent. These types of locks are not usually allowed in competition due to the high risk of tearing muscle tissue. This type of lock also often hyper-extends the joint in the opposite direction, pulling it apart. Some compression locks include the Achilles lock, Biceps slicer, and Leg slicer (or Calf slicer).
Joint locks
While many joint locks are permitted in BJJ, most competitions ban or restrict some or all joint locks that involve the knees, ankles, and spine. The reason for this is that the angles of manipulation required to cause pain are nearly the same as those that would cause serious injury. Joint locks that require a twisting motion of the knee (such as heel hooks) are usually banned in gi competitions because successfully completing the move can frequently result in permanent damage, often requiring surgery. Similarly,
Joint locks include armbars, kimuras, Americanas, straight-arm lock, omoplata, marceloplata, banana split (or electric chair), twister, wrist lock, heel hook, toehold, kneebar, straight ankle lock, and others.[42]
Chokes
Chokes include
Uniform
The Brazilian jiu-jitsu practitioner's uniform is commonly referred to as
There are certain differences between gi jiu-jitsu and "no-gi" jiu-jitsu. In gi jiu-jitsu one can grip an opponent's uniform, using it to submit or advance position. There are a number of submissions that are specific to the gi, such as the "Loop choke", "Collar choke", and others. A specific set of rules to guide no-gi competitions is issued by the IBJJF, but there may be variation in the set of rules applied in each competition. By IBJJF rules uniform grips are not permitted in "no-gi" jiu-jitsu.[23] BJJ athletes who practice no-gi usually wear a rash guard and MMA shorts or Spats.[43]
Grading
Black 0–6 | |
Black/Red 7 | |
Red/White 8 | |
Red 9–10 |
White | |
Blue | |
Purple | |
Brown |
White | |
Grey | |
Yellow | |
Orange | |
Green |
The Brazilian jiu-jitsu ranking system awards a practitioner different coloured belts to signify increasing levels of technical knowledge and practical skill. While the system's structure shares its origins with the judo ranking system and the origins of all coloured belts, it now contains many of its own unique aspects and themes. Some of these differences are relatively minor, such as the division between youth and adult belts and the stripe/degree system. Others are quite distinct and have become synonymous with the art, such as a marked informality in promotional criteria, including as a focus on a competitive demonstration of skill, and a conservative approach to promotion in general.[44][45]
Traditionally, the concept of competitive skill demonstration as a quickened and earned route of promotion holds true.[44][45] Some schools have placed a green belt for adults between the white and blue belt ranks due to the long periods between advancement. In addition, the use of a grey belt has been instituted for many children's programs to signal progress between the white and yellow belt rankings.
A
Federations
Since its inception Brazilian jiu-jitsu has had different registered federations and tournaments. The first jiu-jitsu federation was the
Weight classes
The weight classes for BJJ competitions can differ depending on the organisation that is promoting the event. The IBJJF weight classes are the most commonly used, under the IBJJF rules, the weight classes vary by age, sex and competition type (Gi vs Nogi).[52]
Weight divisions | Adults/Masters Gi – male | Adults/Masters No Gi – male | Adults/Masters Gi – female | Adults/Masters No Gi – female |
---|---|---|---|---|
Rooster Galo |
57.5 kg (126.8 lb) | 55.5 kg (122.4 lb) | 48.5 kg (106.9 lb) | 46.5 kg (102.5 lb) |
Light Feather Pluma |
64 kg (141.1 lb) | 61.5 kg (135.6 lb) | 53.5 kg (117.9 lb) | 51.5 kg (113.5 lb) |
Feather Pena |
70 kg (154.3 lb) | 67.5 kg (148.8 lb) | 58.5 kg (129.0 lb) | 56.5 kg (124.6 lb) |
Light Leve |
76 kg (167.6 lb) | 73.5 kg (162.0 lb) | 64 kg (141.1 lb) | 61.5 kg (135.6 lb) |
Middle Médio |
82.3 kg (181.4 lb) | 79.5 kg (175.3 lb) | 69 kg (152.1 lb) | 66.5 kg (146.6 lb) |
Medium Heavy Meio-Pesado |
88.3 kg (194.7 lb) | 85.5 kg (188.5 lb) | 74 kg (163.1 lb) | 71.5 kg (157.6 lb) |
Heavy Pesado |
94.3 kg (207.9 lb) | 91.5 kg (201.7 lb) | 79.3 kg (174.8 lb) | 76.5 kg (168.7 lb) |
Super Heavy Super Pesado |
100.5 kg (221.6 lb) | 97.5 kg (215.0 lb) | No weight limit | No weight limit |
Ultra Heavy Pesadissimo |
No weight limit | No weight limit | n/a | n/a |
Open Class Absoluto |
open to all weight divisions | open to all weight divisions | open to all weight divisions | open to all weight divisions |
Tournaments
While there are numerous local and regional tournaments administered regularly by private individuals and academies, there are two major entities in jiu-jitsu circles. First, is the
Another tournament to spring from the founding Gracie lineage is the Gracie Nationals or Gracie Worlds. Founded in 2007 by Rose Gracie, daughter of Ultimate Fighting Championship creator and Brazilian jiu-jitsu grandmaster Rorion Gracie. Gracie Nationals/Worlds followed the guidelines of other major tournaments of the time, implementing a points systems
In 2012, the Gracie Worlds introduced a new submission-only format, removing certain judging systems that many interpreted as an outdated scoring system. Rose spoke about this change when she said, "Today's tournaments aren't what my grandfather [Helio Gracie] envisioned. There's so many rules that it takes away from the actual art of jiu-jitsu. We don't see many submissions. We see cheating, we see decisions made by a referee. We need to stand together against this and support a submission only kind of revolution." Cheating in jiu-jitsu, Rose said, comes in many forms. "[A competitor] will earn a point, then hold for the entire match so they can win with that one little advantage they got at the start," Rose said. "That's not jiu-jitsu. That's cheating." Mark McDonnell from Gracie Botany agrees.[53]
This discontent with points-based and advantage-style competition has been echoed throughout the jiu-jitsu community, leading to many prominent submission-only style events. At these events, the winner of a match is determined only by submission, and these tournaments at times have no time limit, or are timed with a result of double disqualification if there is no submission victory. This form of tournament have yet to become widespread, but is gaining in popularity especially amongst MMA competitors.
At tournaments, especially those hosted by the International Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu Federation (IBJJF), some athletes engage in a practice called "closing out".[55] This occurs when two athletes, usually friends or members of the same team, meet in a match but refuse to fight. Tournament organizers can minimize the chance of close-outs by placing athletes from the same team on opposite sides of the bracket, a practice which makes the finals the only match in which they could possibly meet (assuming each team has no more than two competitors in a given bracket). When two athletes close out a match, they agree which one of them will technically forfeit to the other. As this most often occurs in the final matches of tournaments, this usually means deciding which of the two will win the gold medal and which will win the silver. Notable examples of closing out include Marcus "Buchecha" Almeida forfeiting the finals of the Absolute division at the 2018 IBJJF World Championship to his friend Leandro Lo, who had suffered a shoulder injury during a previous match,[56] and frequent close outs between the brothers Paulo and Joao Miyao, who often compete in the same weight division.[57] Proponents of close-outs claim it fosters team unity and allows competitors to train as hard and as freely as they can with their teammates. They say that facing a teammate in a competition would make them hold back in training. Critics of the practice say it diminishes audience enjoyment of tournaments where it is allowed,[55] and some tournaments, notably the ADCC, ban it.[58] ADCC is essentially the Olympics of BJJ.
Health considerations
Safety
Brazilian jiu-jitsu is one of the safest full contact martial arts. Its injury rate is around 9.2-38.6 per 1000 athlete exposures.
Skin health
Besides the normal strains and pulls associated with most martial arts, Brazilian jiu-jitsu practitioners (along with wrestlers, judoka, and other grapplers) are exposed to regular skin abrasions and potential unsanitary mat conditions. They are thus at higher risk for developing skin disease.
Cauliflower ear
Due to the use of the head to maintain position and attack in jiu-jitsu, the ears can easily be damaged and begin to swell. Without immediate medical treatment, the cartilage in a swollen ear will separate from the perichondrium that supplies its nutrients and will become permanently swollen/deformed (cauliflower ear). Wrestling headgear is sometimes used for the prevention of this condition. Treatment includes draining the hematoma or surgery.[63]
Performance-enhancing drugs
The practice of taking
Cervical and spinal lock "neck cranks"
A
Elbow injuries
Elbow injuries commonly occur from arm bars, Kimuras, and takedowns with a fall on outstretched hand (FOOSH). These injuries include LCL sprain [of elbow], MCL sprain [of elbow], anterior sprain of distal biceps tendon, elbow dislocation, and posterior tenderness at olecranon.[59]
Knee injuries
Knee injuries occur from passing guard, takedowns, sweeps, direct pressure, and various stress with flexed knee. These injuries include LCL sprain [of knee], MCL sprain [of knee], and lateral meniscus tear.[59]
Foot and ankle injuries
Foot and ankle injuries occur from pushing forward, takedowns, and footlocks. These injuries include ankle ATFL sprain, turf toe, and hyper flexion sprain of great toe.[59]
Finger injuries
Finger injuries occur from getting caught in the gi, applying arm bars, and blocking opponents. These injuries include sprains, dislocations, and fractures.[59]
Shoulder injuries
Shoulder injuries occur from Kimuras, takedowns with a fall on outstretched hand (FOOSH), and pushing opponents. These injuries include acromioclavicular separation, anterior dislocation, and anterior subluxation (partial dislocation).[59]
Neck injuries
Neck injuries can occur from triangle chokes and resisting them. These injuries include cervical strains.[59]
Rehab
Depending on the severity, many injuries require evaluation by a professional, usually a primary care provider, sports medicine physician, orthopedic surgeon, or physical therapist. Other injuries may be treated with a home exercise program.
Notable fighters
World Champions
International Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu Federation world champions include the following:
- Gordon Ryan (American)
- Mario Sperry(Brazilian)
- Clark Gracie (American)
- Roger Gracie (Brazilian)
- Amaury Bitetti (Brazilian)
- Romulo Barral (Brazilian)
- Ffion Davies (Welsh)
- Oswaldo Fadda (Brazilian)
- Ricardo Liborio(Brazilian)
- Kyra Gracie (Brazilian)
- Claudia Gadelha(Brazilian)
- Andre Galvao(Brazilian)
- Leandro Lo (Brazilian)
- Marcelo Garcia (Brazilian)
- Mikey Musumeci (American)
- Cristiane Justino(Brazilian)
- Rafael Lovato Jr. (American)
- Demian Maia (Brazilian)
- Fredson Paixão (Brazilian)
- Tarsis Humphreys (Brazilian)
- B.J. Penn (American)
- Pablo Popovitch (Brazilian)
- Ronaldo Souza (Brazilian)
- Saulo Ribeiro (Brazilian)
- Xande Ribeiro(Brazilian)
- Marcus "Buchecha" Almeida (Brazilian)
- Rodolfo Vieira(Brazilian)
- Bernardo Faria (Brazilian)
- Leticia Ribeiro (Brazilian)
- Gabrielle Garcia(Brazilian)
- Vítor Ribeiro (Brazilian)
- Fabio Gurgel(Brazilian)
- Fabio Leopoldo(Brazilian)
- Braulio Estima (Brazilian)
- Rafael Mendes (Brazilian)
- Venla Luukkonen (Finnish)
- Guilherme Mendes (Brazilian)
- Leonardo Vieira (Brazilian)
- Ricardo Vieira (Brazilian)
- Paulo Miyao (Brazilian)
- Caio Terra (Brazilian)
- Claudio Calasans (Brazilian)
- Bruno Malfacine (Brazilian)
- Fabricio Werdum(Brazilian)
- Sérgio Moraes (Brazilian)
- Robson Moura (Brazilian)
- Rubens Charles Maciel (Brazilian)
- Dominyka Obelenyte (Lithuanian)
- Michael Langhi (Brazilian)
- Andresa Correa (Brazilian)
- Tayane Porfirio(Brazilian)
- Beatriz Mesquita (Brazilian)
- Michelle Nicolini (Brazilian)
- Mackenzie Dern (Brazilian/American)
- Luana Alzuguir(Brazilian)
- Claudia do Val (Brazilian)
- Rikako Yuasa (Japanese)
- Lana Stefanac (American)
- Hannette Staack (Brazilian)
- Márcio Cruz (Brazilian)
- João Roque (Angolan/Portuguese)
- Nicholas Meregali (Brazilian)
Jiu-jitsu masters (coral belts: 7th & 8th degree)
- Murilo Bustamante
- Carlos Gracie Jr.
- Márcio Stambowsky
- Carlos Machado
- Rigan Machado
- Jean Jacques Machado
- John Machado
- Mauricio Motta Gomes
- Romero "Jacare" Cavalcanti
- Joe Moreira
- Geny Rebello
- Sérgio Penha
- Royler Gracie
- Royce Gracie
- Renzo Gracie
- Fabio Santos
- Carlos "Caique" Elias
- Rolker Gracie
- Jorge Pereira
- Hilton Leão
- Luiz Palhares
- Hercules Baptista
- Sylvio Behring
- Pedro Sauer
- John "Papa John" Gorman
- Dilseu Rossoni
- Ricardo De La Riva
- Luiz Fux
- Roger Machado
- Roberto Traven
- Dr. Jeffery Hudson
Jiu-jitsu grand masters (9th degree red belts)
- Carlson Gracie
- Carley Gracie
- Geny Rebello
- Armando Wridt
- Flavio Behring
- Rorion Gracie
- Relson Gracie
- Francisco Mansour
- Carlos Robson Gracie
- Rickson Gracie
- Rolls Gracie
- Derval Luciano Rêgo
- Francisco Sá[69]
Jiu-jitsu grand masters (10th degree red belts)
- Carlos Gracie
- Oswaldo Gracie
- Gastao Gracie, Jr.
- George Gracie
- Helio Gracie
- Oswaldo Fadda
- Luiz França Filho
See also
References
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77. The History of Brazilian Jiu Jitsu by Patrick Cox https://unitedmakaty.com/the-history-of-brazilian-jiu-jitsu/
78. Wrestling Impact on Brazilian Jiu Jitsu by Patrick Cox (IBJJF World Masters Black Belt Silver Medalist 2021 Ultra Heavy and former D1 College Wrestler) https://unitedmakaty.com/blogs/
Cited sources
Virgílio, Stanlei (2002). Conde Koma – O invencível yondan da história (in Portuguese). Editora Átomo.
External links
- International Brazilian jiu-jitsu Federation, Retrieved 2010-10-12.
- Oliver, BC, Retrieved 2017-08-08.
- Expert in the Art of Jiu Jitsu,