Bridge over Troubled Water (song)
"Bridge Over Troubled Water" | ||||
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Single by Simon & Garfunkel | ||||
from the album Bridge over Troubled Water | ||||
B-side | "Keep the Customer Satisfied" | |||
Released | January 20, 1970 | |||
Recorded | August, November 1969 | |||
Genre | Pop rock[1] · gospel[2] · soft rock[3] | |||
Length | 4:55 | |||
Label | Columbia | |||
Songwriter(s) | Paul Simon | |||
Producer(s) |
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Simon & Garfunkel singles chronology | ||||
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Official audio | ||||
"Bridge over Troubled Water" (audio) on YouTube | ||||
Audio sample | ||||
"Bridge over Troubled Water" is a song by the American folk duo Simon & Garfunkel, released in January 1970 as the second single from their fifth studio album, Bridge over Troubled Water (1970). It was written by Paul Simon and produced by Simon & Garfunkel and Roy Halee.
"Bridge over Troubled Water" features lead vocals by Art Garfunkel and a piano accompaniment influenced by gospel music, with a "Wall of Sound"-style production.[4][5] It was the last song recorded for the album, but the first completed.[6] The instrumentation, provided by the Wrecking Crew, was recorded in California, while Simon and Garfunkel's vocals were recorded in New York.[6][7][8][9] Simon felt Garfunkel should sing solo, an invitation Garfunkel initially declined.[10] Session musician Larry Knechtel performs piano, with Joe Osborn playing bass guitar and Hal Blaine on drums.
The song won five awards at the
Background
"Bridge over Troubled Water" was composed by Paul Simon in early 1969; the song came to him very quickly, so much so that he asked himself: "Where did that come from? It doesn't seem like me."[10][11][12] The title concept was inspired by Claude Jeter's line "I'll be your bridge over deep water if you trust in my name," which Jeter sang with his group, the Swan Silvertones, in the 1959 song "Mary Don't You Weep."[13][14] According to gospel producer and historian Anthony Heilbut, Simon acknowledged his debt to Jeter in person, and handed Jeter a check.[15] Simon named Johann Sebastian Bach's "O Sacred Head, Now Wounded" as inspiration for parts of the melody.[16] Simon wrote the song initially on guitar but transposed it to the piano to reflect the gospel influence and suit Garfunkel's voice.[6]
Simon told his partner, Art Garfunkel, that Garfunkel should sing it alone, the "white choirboy way", though Simon adds harmony on the final verse.[10] Garfunkel felt it was not right for him;[6] he liked Simon's falsetto on the demo and suggested that Simon sing. At the suggestion of Garfunkel and producer Roy Halee, Simon wrote an extra verse and a "bigger" ending, though he felt it was less cohesive with the earlier verses.[17] The final verse was written about Simon's then-wife Peggy Harper, who had noticed her first gray hairs ("Sail on, silvergirl").[18][19] It does not refer to a drug abuser's hypodermic needle, as is sometimes claimed.[20] The verse was Garfunkel's idea, but Simon reportedly did not like it.[21]
"Bridge over Troubled Water" was the final track recorded for the album but the first completed, with an additional two weeks of post-production.[6] Simon initially composed the song in G major, but arranger and composer Jimmie Haskell transposed the song to E-flat major to suit Garfunkel's voice.[22] The song's instrumental parts were recorded in August 1969 in California, to make it easier for Garfunkel to go to Mexico to film Catch-22.[9][12] Simon wanted a gospel piano sound, and hired session musician Larry Knechtel. Joe Osborn played two separate bass tracks, one high and the other low. A string section entering in the third verse completed the arrangement. The drums were played by Hal Blaine in an echo chamber to achieve a hall effect and Los Angeles session percussionist Gary Coleman played the Vibraphone. The arranger Ernie Freeman labelled his string arrangement as "Like a Pitcher of Water".[23]
Simon and Garfunkel returned to New York in November 1969 to record the vocals.[24][7][6][12] The vocal style in "Bridge over Troubled Water" was inspired by Phil Spector's technique in "Old Man River" by The Righteous Brothers.[25] Simon said it sounded like the Beatles' "Let It Be", stating in a Rolling Stone interview: "They are very similar songs, certainly in instrumentation."[26]
As their relations frayed preceding their 1970 breakup, Simon began to experience regret for allowing Garfunkel to sing it solo:
He felt I should have done it, and many times on a stage, though, when I'd be sitting off to the side and Larry Knechtel would be playing the piano and Artie would be singing "Bridge", people would stomp and cheer when it was over, and I would think, "That's my song, man..."[10]
Personnel
- Art Garfunkel – lead vocals
- Paul Simon – backing vocals
- Larry Knechtel – piano
- Joe Osborn – bass guitar
- Hal Blaine – drums and percussion
- Gary Coleman – vibraphone
- Jimmie Haskell, Ernie Freeman – string arrangements
Critical reception
The song has also been lauded as one of the greatest by Simon & Garfunkel. In 2017, The Guardian called the song one of the best by the duo, describing it as "heart-stirring".[30] The Independent similarly lauded the song in 2020, calling it "a transcendent experience" and ranking it as the best song by the group.[31]
Commercial performance
Despite the song's five-minute length, Columbia decided to release "Bridge over Troubled Water" for play on pop radio. AM radio had previously played
The song was certified Gold for over one million copies in the US by the Recording Industry Association of America,[35] and sold over six million copies worldwide.[36][37]
Awards
The single won the
Charts and certifications
Weekly charts
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Year-end charts
All-time charts
Certifications
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US chart performance
"Bridge over Troubled Water" entered the Billboard Hot 100 top 40 at no.13 on February 9, 1970. It jumped to no.3 the following week before climbing to no.1. During a six-week run at the top – the most for any single that year – Simon and Garfunkel held off strong competition from Creedence Clearwater Revival ("Travelin' Band") and The Jaggerz ("The Rapper"). Then, on April 11, the song fell to no.5 – replaced by The Beatles' "Let It Be". "Bridge over Troubled Water" concluded a 13-week run in the US top 40 on 9 May as their follow-up hit "Cecilia" began its rise to no.4.
UK chart performance
As in the US, "Bridge over Troubled Water" made its UK top 40 bow at no.13, on February 28, 1970. The song climbed steadily over the next four weeks before claiming no.1 on March 28. During a three-week stay at the top, it held off strong competition from Mary Hopkin with "Knock, Knock Who's There?" and "Can't Help Falling in Love" by Andy Williams. Then, on April 18, the song fell to no.2 – replaced by "All Kinds of Everything" by Dana. In total, "Bridge over Troubled Water" spent seventeen weeks in the UK top 40 (concluding on June 27).
Covers
"Bridge over Troubled Water" has been covered by over 50 artists,
Aretha Franklin
"Bridge Over Troubled Water" | ||||
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R&B, Gospel | ||||
Length |
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Label | Atlantic Records | |||
Producer(s) | Jerry Wexler, Arif Mardin, Tom Dowd | |||
Aretha Franklin singles chronology | ||||
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Aretha Franklin's gospel-infused cover version was recorded in the summer of 1970, during the sessions for what would become her 1972 album Young, Gifted and Black. Franklin debuted her version on March 5, 1971, during her landmark three-night stint at San Francisco's Fillmore West, which was later released as Aretha Live at Fillmore West. Eleven days later, she performed the song on television for the first time at the 13th Annual Grammy Awards, at which an already-disbanded Simon & Garfunkel picked up five Grammy Awards for the song. Franklin's Grammy performance was released decades later on the 1994 compilation Grammy's Greatest Moments Volume III.
Franklin's studio recording of the song was released as a single just three days after her 1971 Grammy performance,[68] and was one of three new recordings included on September 1971's Aretha's Greatest Hits. Franklin's rendition reached number one on the US R&B chart and number six on the pop chart.[69] The single was certified gold by the RIAA and sold two million copies. In 1972, Franklin picked up her own Grammy for the song, the Grammy Award for Best Female R&B Vocal Performance.
Chet Atkins and Jerry Reed
Chet Atkins and Jerry Reed recorded an instrumental version of the song and released it on their 1970 album "Me & Jerry". The song appears as the second song on the album's first side and features both Reed and Atkins playing guitar trading lines back and forth with each other.[70] The album and their rendition of the song received generally positive reviews with the former going on to win the 1971 Grammy Award for Best Country Instrumental Performance.[71][72]
Linda Clifford
"Bridge over Troubled Water" | ||||
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Single by Linda Clifford | ||||
from the album Let Me Be Your Woman | ||||
B-side | "Hold Me Close" | |||
Released | 1979 | |||
Recorded | 1978 | |||
Genre | Disco | |||
Length |
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Label | RSO, Curtom | |||
Songwriter(s) | Paul Simon | |||
Producer(s) | Gil Askey | |||
Linda Clifford singles chronology | ||||
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P.J.B. featuring Hannah and Her Sisters version
"Bridge over Troubled Water" | |
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Single by P.J.B. featuring Hannah and Her Sisters | |
Released | 1991 |
Genre | |
Length | 3:45 |
Label |
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Songwriter(s) | Paul Simon |
Producer(s) | Pete Bellotte |
In 1991, P.J.B. featuring Hannah and Her Sisters, a UK group assembled by British songwriter, record producer and author Pete Bellotte and fronted by British singer Hannah Jones, released a dance cover of "Bridge over Troubled Water" which reached number 21 on the UK Singles Chart.[74] The group appeared on Top of the Pops as the opening act on the 26 September 1991 episode.
Charts
Chart (1991) | Peak position |
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Europe (European Dance Radio)[75] | 24 |
21 |
Clay Aiken version
In 2003,
Charts
Chart (2003) | Peak position |
---|---|
Canada (Nielsen SoundScan)[82] | 1 |
New Zealand (Recorded Music NZ)[83] | 1 |
US Adult Contemporary (Billboard)[84] | 29 |
Cantonese version
A rewriting of the song with Cantonese lyrics ("Many hearts prevail" – zh:滔滔千里心) was collectively sung by many Hong Kong singers for public shows in Hong Kong to raise funds after the Eastern China flood of 1991. In 2009 it was also used in the Artistes 88 Fund Raising Campaign for the victims of Typhoon Morakot.[85]
Dami Im version
Artists for Grenfell Tower charity single
"Bridge over Troubled Water" | |
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Single by Artists for Grenfell | |
Released | June 21, 2017 |
Recorded | June 2017 |
Genre | Pop |
Length | 3:53 |
Label | Syco |
Songwriter(s) | Paul Simon |
Producer(s) |
To raise money for the families of the victims of the
Artists
The song was performed by the following artists (in order of appearance):[89]
Instruments
- Brian May (of Queen) – guitar
- Nile Rodgers – guitar
- Tokio Myers – piano
- Pete Townshend (of The Who) – guitar
Vocals
- Stormzy
- Robbie Williams
- James Blunt
- Rita Ora
- Craig David
- Dan Smith (of Bastille)
- Liam Payne
- Peggy Lee
- Emeli Sandé
- Kelly Jones (of Stereophonics)
- Paloma Faith
- Louis Tomlinson
- Labrinth
- Jorja Smith
- WSTRN
- Leona Lewis
- Jessie J
- James Arthur
- Roger Daltrey (of The Who)
- Ella Eyre
- Anne-Marie
- Ella Henderson
- Louisa Johnson
- 5 After Midnight
- Angel
- Carl Barât (of The Libertines)
- Deno
- Donae'o
- Dua Lipa
- Fleur East
- Gareth Malone and The Choir for Grenfell
- Geri Halliwell (of Spice Girls)
- Gregory Porter
- Jessie Ware
- John Newman
- Reverend and The Makers)
- London Community Gospel Choir
- Matt Goss
- Matt Terry
- Mr Eazi
- Nathan Sykes
- Omar
- Pixie Lott
- Ray BLK
- Raye
- Shakka
- Shane Filan (of Westlife)
- Tom Grennan
- Tony Hadley (of Spandau Ballet)
- Tulisa
Charts
Chart (2017) | Peak position |
---|---|
Australia (ARIA)[94] | 53 |
Austria (Ö3 Austria Top 40)[95] | 32 |
Belgium (Ultratip Bubbling Under Flanders)[96] | 26 |
Finland Download ( Latauslista)[97]
|
23 |
France ( SNEP)[98]
|
111 |
Hungary (Single Top 40)[99] | 31 |
Ireland (IRMA)[100] | 25 |
New Zealand Heatseekers (RMNZ)[101] | 4 |
Scotland (OCC)[102] | 1 |
Switzerland (Schweizer Hitparade)[103] | 28 |
1 |
Other covers
- Willie Nelson covered the song in the closing ceremony of the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City.[104]
- 52nd Grammy Awards ceremony, in the context of raising awareness for the victims of the Haiti earthquake.[105] This version reached number 75 on the US Billboard Hot 100.
- On December 9, 2013, The Voice for the semifinal round. The song went to the number one spot on iTunes within 12 hours, with her becoming the first contestant to achieve the top chart position at the end of an applicable voting window that season.[106]
- "A Bridge over You", a charity single recorded and released independently by the Lewisham and Greenwich NHS Choir, the choir of the Lewisham and Greenwich NHS Trust located in south-east London, was a mashup of "Bridge over Troubled Water" and Coldplay's 2005 single "Fix You", with additional arrangement by the choir's conductor, Peter Mitchell. It reached number one on the UK Singles Chart at Christmas 2015.[citation needed]
- In August 2019, Kodi Lee covered the song on America's Got Talent in the quarter-finals of the competition. Simon Cowell revealed that Paul Simon personally signed off to allow him to sing the song within thirty minutes of the show producers asking for permission.[107]
- Irish musician Hozier performed the song for the RTÉ fundraising special RTÉ Does Comic Relief in Croke Park. The performance was dedicated to those who died during the COVID-19 pandemic.[108]
- Matt Bellamy from Muse released a cover on September 8, 2020, stating it is one of his "favorite songs of all time...We should all reach out and be there for our friends right now!"[109]
- In 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics, the gold medalist pair of pair skating, Sui Wenjing & Han Cong, adapted the mixed cover of this song, by Linda Eder and John Legend, in their free skating programme with a stunning score, 155.47 points.[110]
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Sources
- Bennighof, James (2007). The Words and Music of Paul Simon. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-275-99163-0.
- Browne, David (2012). Fire and Rain: The Beatles, Simon and Garfunkel, James Taylor, CSNY, and the Lost Story of 1970. Da Capo Press. ISBN 978-0-306-82072-4.
- Charlesworth, Chris (1997). "Bridge Over Troubled Water". The Complete Guide to the Music of Paul Simon and Simon & Garfunkel. Omnibus Press. ISBN 0-7119-5597-2.
- Ebel, Roswitha (2004). Paul Simon: seine Musik, sein Leben [Paul Simon: His Music, His Life] (in German). epubli. ISBN 978-3-937729-00-8.
- Eliot, Marc (2010). Paul Simon: A Life. John Wiley and Sons. ISBN 978-0-470-43363-8.
- Fornatale, Pete (2007). Simon and Garfunkel's Bookends. Rodale. ISBN 978-1-59486-427-8.
External links
- Video recording of "Bridge over Troubled Water" on YouTube, Paul Simon, composer; sung by Art Garfunkel