Brigadier
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Brigadier /brɪɡəˈdɪər/ is a military rank, the seniority of which depends on the country. In some countries, it is a senior rank above colonel, equivalent to a brigadier general or commodore, typically commanding a brigade of several thousand soldiers. In other countries, it is a non-commissioned rank.
Origins and history
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The word and rank of "Brigadier" originates from France. In the French Army, the Brigadier des Armées du Roi (Brigadier of the King's Armies) was a general officer rank, created in 1657. It was an intermediate between the rank of Mestre de camp and that of Maréchal de camp.
The rank was first created in the cavalry at the instigation of
Before the rank of brigadier of the armies was dissolved in 1788, it was materialized by the wearing of a single star. And when it was abolished that year, the number of stars of its immediate superiors was not modified, which explains why today French generals have one more star on their insignia than their foreign counterparts (notably American).
Note that the rank of "Chef de brigade" created during the French Revolution replaced that of Colonel. A brigade commander then commanded... a half-brigade (a name that replaced the regiment).
The rank of Brigadier of the Armies reappeared during the Third Republic. It designates a colonel, experienced as a regimental commander, who has under his command several regiments without having the annexed units that would make this group a brigade. The army brigadier wears the colonel's uniform and insignia. The rank was definitively abolished in 1945.
Until 1788, a rank of brigadier des armées ("brigadier of the armies"), which could be described as a senior colonel or junior brigade commander, was used in the
In common with many countries, France now uses the officer rank of
The rank of brigadier is still nonetheless used in some regiments as an equivalent of corporal. By extension, this also applies to the gendarmerie, equivalent in rank to a corporal in the infantry.[2]
General officer rank
Gallery
Senior officer rank
British tradition
In many countries, especially those formerly part of the
.The rank is used by the
on the rank scale."The grade of brigadier-general, also called, almost interchangeably, brigadier, first appeared in the British army during the reign of King James II. A warrant of 1705 placed the grade directly below major-general, but the appointment was always considered temporary and not continuous. The British were ambiguous over whether the holder was considered a general officer or a senior field grade office".[9]
The title is derived from the equivalent British rank of brigadier-general, used until 1922 and still used in many countries. "Brigadier" was already in use as a generic term for a commander of a brigade irrespective of specific rank. Until the rank was dissolved in 1922, brigadier-generals wore a crossed sword and baton symbol on its own.
From 1922 to 1928, the British rank title used was that of colonel-commandant, with one crown and three 'pips', a rank which, although reflecting its modern role in the British Army as a senior colonel rather than a junior general, was not well received and was replaced with brigadier after six years. Colonel-commandant was only ever used for officers commanding brigades, depots or training establishments. Officers holding equivalent rank in administrative appointments were known as "colonels on the staff", also replaced by brigadier in 1928. Colonel-commandants and colonels on the staff wore the same rank badge later adopted by brigadiers.[10]
Until shortly after World War II, brigadier was an appointment conferred on colonels (as commodore was an appointment conferred on naval captains) rather than a substantive rank.[10]
In
The
Spain
The rank of a brigadier
Latin America
Many countries in
However, both the Argentine and Brazilian Air Forces use a curious system of variations on brigadier for all (Argentina) or most (Brazil) general officers. The origin of this system is not entirely clear, but in the case of Argentina may be due to army air units being commanded by brigade generals before the establishment of the Air Force as an independent armed force.
Gallery
-
Brigadier
(Fiji Infantry Regiment) -
Brigadier
( -
Brigadier
(Malawi Army) -
Brigadier
( -
Brigadier
(Papua New Guinea Land Element) -
Brigadier
(Sierra Leone Army) -
Brigadier
(Eswatini Army)
Junior officer rank
United Kingdom
In the UK, brigadier and sub-brigadier were formerly subaltern ranks in the Royal Horse Guards.[29][when?]
Non-commissioned rank
Brigadier also exists as a non-commissioned rank. This usage derives from the use of "brigade" to denote a squad or team, similar to the occasional English civilian usage "work brigade".
France
Military
In
In the French gendarmerie, the brigadier ranks are used as in the army, i.e. as junior enlisted ranks (gradés), while the French police use brigadier ranks as their sub-officer (sous-officier) ranks. Since all professional police and gendarmes have sub-officer status in France, the gendarmerie brigadier ranks are rarely used, since they are used only by auxiliaries. On the other hand, the police brigadier ranks, which are used to indicate professional ranks, are common.
In the French gendarmerie and in "mounted" arms of the French army, the brigadier ranks are:
OR-4 | OR-3 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Army[30] | Gendarmerie | Army[30] | Gendarmerie | |
Shoulder | ||||
Camouflage | ||||
French | Brigadier-chef | Brigadier | ||
English translation | Chief brigadier | Brigadier |
National police
In the
- Sous-brigadier (OR-6, equal to gendarmerie maréchal-des-logis-chef)
- Brigadier (OR-8, equal to gendarmerie adjudant)
- Brigadier-chef (OR-9, equal to gendarmerie adjudant-chef)
- Brigadier-major (OR-9, equal to gendarmerie major)
Indonesia
In the
- Brigadir Polisi Kepala, abbreviated Bripka (Police Chief Brigadier)
- Brigadir Polisi, not abbreviated (Police Brigadier)
- Brigadir Polisi Satu, abbreviated Briptu (Police Brigadier 1st class)
- Brigadir Polisi Dua, abbreviated Bripda (Police Brigadier 2nd class)
In addition, Police Brigadier General (Brigadir Jenderal Polisi) and Brigadier General (Brigadir Jenderal) are general officer ranks in the Indonesian Police, Army and Marine Corps respectively.
Italy
In the Italian Carabinieri and Guardia di Finanza, the ranks of vice-brigadier (vice brigadiere), brigadier (brigadiere), and chief brigadier (brigadiere capo) correspond roughly to the army ranks based on sergeant. The rank of brigade general (generale di brigata) is used throughout the armed forces as the most junior general rank, and corresponds to the British rank title of brigadier.
Netherlands
Brigadier is traditionally the most senior non-commissioned rank in the Dutch police, for example the National Police Corps (Korps Nationale Politie). Its predecessors also used this rank. The Royal Marechaussee (military police/gendarmerie) does not use this rank.
Spain
In
Gallery
-
Brigadier
(Army of Monaco)
See also
References
- ^ Les grades dans l’armée de terre Archived December 4, 2014, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ a b "brigadier". Le dictionnaire de l'Académie française (9th ed.). Nancy: Académie française. 1992.
- ^ "Postos do Exército". faa.ao (in Portuguese). Angolan Army. Retrieved 27 June 2021.
- ^ "Dienstgrade". bundesheer.at (in German). Federal Ministry of Defence (Austria). Retrieved 25 May 2021.
- ^ "Patente". fa.gov.cv (in Portuguese). Cape Verdean Armed Forces. Archived from the original on 26 July 2022. Retrieved 26 May 2021.
- ^ "Militære grader". forsvaret.no (in Norwegian). Norwegian Armed Forces. 4 February 2021. Retrieved 26 May 2021.
- ^ "Čini in razredi". slovenskavojska.si (in Slovenian). Slovenian Armed Forces. Retrieved 26 May 2021.
- ^ "Gradabzeichen und Farben der Achselschlaufen". vtg.admin.ch (in German). Swiss Army. Retrieved 27 May 2021.
- ^ The Brigade: A History: Its Organization and Employment in the US Army, Chapter 1, Brigades in the Continental Army, Brigades and Brigadier-Generals, pp. 8-9. http://usacac.army.mil/cac2/cgsc/carl/download/csipubs/Brigade-AHistory.pdf Archived 2018-12-12 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 21 December 2016.
- ^ a b "New Army Rank of Brigadier", The Times, 23 December 1997.
- ^ In Britain, Australia, and many other Commonwealth and ex-Commonwealth countries, these are Order of the Bath stars.
- ^ Cañete Paez, Francisco Angel : El brigadier. Empleo atípico en el generalato español de los siglos XVIII Y XIX : Revista Arbil: nº 105
- ^ "Badges of rank" (PDF). defence.gov.au. Department of Defence (Australia). Retrieved 31 May 2021.
- ^ "Ranks". Government of Botswana. Archived from the original on 26 August 2016. Retrieved 22 September 2016.
- ^ "Distintivos de grados" [Badges of degrees]. ejercito.cl (in Spanish). Chilean Army. Archived from the original on 20 January 2012. Retrieved 20 January 2012.
- LCCN 93010956. Retrieved 3 June 2021.
- ^ "Indian Army Rank Badges". indianarmy.nic.in. Indian Army. Retrieved 27 May 2021.
- ^ "BADGES OF RANK". Official Jamaica Defence Force Website. 2019. Archived from the original on 20 August 2020. Retrieved 16 November 2019.
- ^ "KDF Ranks". mod.go.ke. Ministry of Defence - Kenya. Retrieved 29 May 2021.
- ^ "Rank Insignia". afm.gov.mt. Armed Forces of Malta. Retrieved 26 May 2021.
- ^ "Badges of Rank" (PDF). nzdf.mil.nz. New Zealand Defence Force. Retrieved 28 July 2022.
- ^ "Pakistan Army Ranks with Salary and Insignia". pakistanforces.com. Retrieved 27 May 2021.
- ^ "Rank structure". spdf.sc. Seychelles People's Defence Forces. Retrieved 4 June 2021.
- ^ "Dress Regulation PDF - Part I" (PDF). army.lk. Sri Lanka Army. January 2019. pp. 10-4–10-11. Retrieved 20 May 2021.
- ^ "Tonga Defence Services (Amendment) Regulations 2009" (PDF). Tonga Government Gazette Supplement Extraordinary. 5: 151–153. 10 May 2010. Retrieved 26 September 2021.
- ^ "Uganda Peoples' Defence Forces Act" (PDF). The Uganda Gazette. CXII (46). Uganda Printing and Publishing Corporation: 1851–1854. 18 September 2019. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 August 2021. Retrieved 29 May 2021.
- ^ "Rank structure". army.mod.uk. British Army. Retrieved 27 May 2021.
- LCCN 83-11946. Retrieved 5 July 2022.
- ^ Murray, L. (1821). The Young Man's Best Companion, and Book of General Knowledge. p. 446.
- ^ a b c Instruction N° 10300/DEF/EMAT/LOG/ASH (PDF) (in French). Staff of the French Army. 13 June 2005. Retrieved 30 May 2021.
- ^ "LOI N° 037-2016/AN PORTANT CONDITIONS D'AVANCEMENT DES PERSONNELS D'ACTIVE DES FORCES ARMEES NATIONALES" (PDF) (in French). 2015. pp. 17–21. Archived from the original (PDF) on 31 August 2021. Retrieved 3 June 2021.
- ^ "LOI N° 019-2015/CNT PORTANT STATUT GENERAL DES PERSONNELS DES FORCES ARMEES NATIONALES" (PDF) (in French). 2014. Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 March 2022. Retrieved 3 June 2021.
- ^ "Army Ranks & Insignia". ejercito.defensa.gob.es. Ministry of Defence (Spain). Retrieved 30 May 2021.