Brighton and Hove

Coordinates: 50°49′40″N 0°09′10″W / 50.82778°N 0.15278°W / 50.82778; -0.15278
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Brighton and Hove
City of Brighton and Hove
15th)
Ethnicity (2021)
 • Ethnic groups
List
Religion (2021)
 • Religion
List
Postcode areas
BN (1, 2, 3, 41)
ONS code00ML (ONS)
E06000043 (GSS)
ISO 3166-2GB-BNH
Websitebrighton-hove.gov.uk

Brighton and Hove (/ˈbrtən ...ˈhv/ BRY-tən … HOHV) is a unitary authority with city status in East Sussex, England. There are multiple villages alongside the seaside resorts of Brighton and Hove in the district. It is administered by Brighton and Hove City Council, which is currently under Labour majority control.

The two resorts, along with Worthing and Littlehampton in West Sussex, make up the second most-populous built-up area of South East England, after South Hampshire. In 2014, Brighton and Hove City Council and other nearby councils formed the Greater Brighton City Region local enterprise partnership area.[2]

Unification

The Peace Statue on the seafront marks the border between Brighton and Hove

unitary authorities be created for the towns of Brighton and Hove, with the latter authority to include Hove, Worthing and the Adur District.[3] Support within Brighton for its own unitary authority was high, however respondents in Hove expressed reservations towards a merger with Worthing and Adur. A report following consultation noted that more than 25% of respondents in both Brighton and Hove had "unprompted, indicated support for a merger of those two areas." Although this option had not been included in the draft proposals, subsequent polling indicated that the merger was the most popular option among residents.[3]

Nevertheless, the proposal of a merger proved controversial, particularly in Hove.

borough councils of Brighton and Hove be made a single unitary authority independent of East Sussex County Council
. In 1997, Brighton and Hove Borough Council was formed, and assumed responsibility for all matters of local government across both towns.

Twenty years earlier, as part of the Queen's Silver Jubilee celebrations, Brighton had been shortlisted as a candidate for city status, though eventually lost out to larger Derby. Following unification of the towns, Brighton and Hove applied for city status again as part of the Millennium City Status Competition, and was subsequently granted city status on 31 January 2001.[4] As a result, the borough council became a city council.

Although the city now operates as a single entity, locals generally still consider Brighton and Hove to be separate settlements with different identities. Hove is largely residential and has its own distinct seafront and established town centre located around George Street, while Brighton has a higher profile as the country's most popular seaside resort, a significant digital economy, and hosts several festivals of national prominence. Recognition of the city's twin identities is evident from the continued popularity of the local saying "Hove, actually", a phrase which long predates unification.

Some organisations such as the local football club,

Brighton and Hove Albion, and the bus company Brighton & Hove
, predate the unification of the towns by several decades.

In 2014, Brighton and Hove formed the Greater Brighton City Region with neighbouring local authorities.[2]

Areas

Map
Downland and seafront areas in Brighton and Hove
Brighton and Hove downland and seafront
Brighton and Hove, the downland and coastal city in the South Downs National Park

The City of Brighton and Hove consists of many districts, a stretch of coast and some downland areas. Just to the south of Brighton and Hove in the English Channel is the Rampion Wind Farm, which provides renewable energy to the country.

Brighton

Brighton Town Hall at Bartholomews in The Lanes
Brighton beach

Brighton has been the most populous settlement in Sussex since at least the 17th century, and a town hall and evidence of citizen's control over town affairs predates 1580.

Preston was added in 1873, expanding Brighton to the north. In 1889 Brighton attained county borough status.[5]

The Brighton Corporation Act of 1927 added the settlements of Ovingdean and Rottingdean, as well as western parts of Falmer, Patcham and West Blatchington.[5] These reforms expanded the Brighton the north and west dramatically. Between 1920 and 1950 housing estates were developed in Woodingdean, Moulsecoomb, Bevendean, and Whitehawk increasing the population of the town substantially. As a result, the number of wards had by now increased to 19. The rest of Falmer, Coldean and the parish of Stanmer were added to Brighton by the Brighton Extension Act 1951, completing the northward extension of the town.[7] A final expansion of the town's boundaries was approved in 1968, incorporating reclaimed land from the sea for the Brighton Marina project.

Brighton was split into two parliamentary constituencies in 1950. The first,

Brighton Borough Council
remained under this structure until unification with Hove.

Hove

Hove Town Hall on Church Road

A small parish at the end of the 18th century, Hove began to expand in the early 19th century alongside the westward development of Brighton, and in 1832 became incorporated into

Portslade-by-Sea
into the new district. The new boundaries established by the Act remained largely the same until unification with Brighton a quarter of a century later.

Portslade, Portslade Village, and Mile Oak

Portslade Station
Cockroost Bottom

To the west of Brighton and Hove is Portslade. The area has three distinct centres with different histories, and includes Portslade-by-Sea, Portslade Village and Mile Oak. Each is quite different in character.

Portslade-by-Sea is largely an industrial port, with a busy canal area that opens up to the River Adur and the English Channel. It has a long history of human settlement and the name came from the Roman port, Novus Portus.

Portslade Village has kept more of its antiquity and retains many elements of the downland village it once was. Many of the buildings have their original flint walls, and there are some early manor house ruins, tree-lined parks, a landmark church and a former convent.[11]

Mile Oak is a newer development. Until the 1920s it was only a small group of farm buildings with surrounding corn fields, sheep downs and market gardens. Then, suburban housing started to be built, and there was considerable further development in the 1960s with the construction of bungalows and other private housing. In the 1990s, after the construction of the new A27 road, Mile Oak's access to the Downs was largely blocked, stopping the spread of development.

Portslade downland

Trigpoint on the approach to Mount Zion
Electricity Pylons on Cockroost Hill

To the north of Mile Oak, on the other side of the A27, are a number of downland areas that are still in the Brighton and Hove area. These include the ancient chalk grassland slopes of Cockroost Hill, Cockroost Bottom and Mount Zion. They are all special areas because of the remarkable wildlife still surviving there, including rare downland flowers, orchids, butterflies and rare insects.[12] There is a lot of history on the slopes, including a large 4000 year old Bronze Age settlement, a possible 'henge' (as in Stonehenge), now lost under the A27 bypass, and evidence of Iron Age and Romano-British field systems.[13] To the north of the city boundary is Fulking parish. The final stretch of the Monarch's Way passes through Mile Oak and Porstlade. It is a 625-mile (1,006 km) long-distance footpath that runs from Worcester to Shoreham.

Aldrington, Hangleton and West Blatchington

Hangleton in the snow

Aldrington sits between Portslade-by-Sea to its west and Hove to its east. For centuries Aldrington was largely countryside, with very few people living there for most of the Middle Ages, but it is now a residential area.[14]

Like Aldrington, West Blatchington was once primarily down and sheep grazing area, but is now built up. West Blatchington manor had various lords over the centuries, but unlike Adrington and Hangleton, it was always associated with lords in the east such Lewes, Falmer, and Patcham.[15] It is now known for its windmill and secondary school. To the east of West Blatchington is Westdene.

Hangleton is to the north of Aldrington and sits between Portslade Village and West Blatchington. The manors of Hangleton and Aldrington formed part of the Fishersgate Half Hundred, together with the neighbouring manor of Portslade.[16] The lords of the Hangleton manor from 1291 to 1446 were the de Poynings, a Sussex gentry family that gave their name to the present parish of Poynings.[17]

Hangeton was a medieval downland village in the 13th century, and by the early 14th century it had a population of about 200. Later, the village was abandoned for around six hundred years.[18] It started to grow again in the 1950s with other areas of Brighton and is now popular for its views of the sea and green spaces.

Hangleton and West Blatchingham downland

West Blatchington windmill

Between

adders. The valley has been unmanaged for many years and the area has turned to scrub. It has now been designated for development and up to three hundred homes are planned to be built on the site.[19]

To the north of the A27 are two golf courses, the West Hove and Brighton and Hove Golf courses. The two are divided by the Old Dyke Railway Trail which follows part of the route taken by the old Dyke Railway Branch Line. The line opened in September 1887 and took people from Hove to the popular downland beauty spot of Devil's Dyke. When the railway closed in December 1938, the line lay unused until the Dyke Railway Trail was created in 1988. There are a number of ways through Hangleton to a bridge over the A27 bypass where the trail begins, but the original route took you from Aldrington railway station and above the Hove cemetery. Much of the trail across the Downs is on a hard surface.[20]

There are many archaic Down pastures in the area. To the west is

autumn gentian and many butterflies. Bee orchids can be also found in some years.[12] To the north of this area is the Poynings parish and the impressive geography of Devil's Dyke
.

To the east is Round Hill where there are many signs of the past from different periods of human history. There are several old

purse-web spider, moss, and pygmy snails.[12] To the north of Round Hill is the Newtimber
parish.

Westdene, Withdean, and Patcham

Northward view along Warmdene Road, Patcham

Patcham, Westdene, and Withdean are divided by the London Road. Of the three, Patcham (TQ 301 090), has much the longest history of human settlement and retains much from its agricultural past. It was one of the bigger settlements in Sussex at the time of Domesday book, with 10 shepherds and six slaves and a medieval Archbishop of Canterbury came from the village.[21] The area still has many old flint cottages, big allotment sites and winding twittens. There is Patcham Place and Park. The best cluster of buildings comprise its Norman church (which has kept part of its medieval wall paintings) and the old buildings of Patcham Court Farm, with a 17th-century flint farmhouse and dovecot.

The areas of Withdean and Westdene were historically farmland but have been developed, mainly in the 1920s and 1930s, with a mix of detached, semi-detached and mid-rise flats. The Withdean manor was originally the property of the great

Cluniac Priory of St. Pancras at Lewes, until 1537. This was then given to Anne of Cleves in 1541 by Henry VIII. The manor was demolished in 1936.[22] Westdene sits to the north of Brighton, east of West Blatchington and north of Withdean
.

Withdean Park is to the east of the London Road, and is home to the national collection of

Waterhall downland

Sweet Hill, near Patcham, Brighton, The old farm house
Varncombe Hill

To the west of the A23 and north of Westdene and the A27 is Waterhall (TQ 284 087), and its lost 18th century farm is now the site of football and rugby pitches. The Waterhall Golf Course has just been given over to a version of rewilding which involves the restoration of species-rich chalk grassland

brown argus butterflies, and all three species of Forester moth. At the corner of the Saddlescombe Road and the turn-off to the golf clubhouse, there is a sarsen stone (TQ 278 090) marking this point in the medieval boundary between Patcham and West Blatchington parishes.[12]

To the north is Varncombe Hill, which borders the

Access land, though they qualified and the National Trust had the power to do so.[12]

To the east of Waterhall is Sweet Hill. The Hill has a flowery bank on its western slope (TQ 286 091), a bushy

gorse.[12]

In July 2021 the Sussex-based 'Landscapes of Freedom' group, together with Nick Hayes and Guy Shrubsole of the 'Right to Roam' network, organised a mass trespass in protest against the lack of public access to this valley and its management for game bird shooting, which has badly affected its chalk grassland wildlife.[26] Over 300 people walked from Waterhall, Brighton, to Pangdean Bottom in protest.[27] The public are actively discouraged from walking in the area and scrub has been allowed to grow on the pristine downland, whilst other parts have been ploughed out.[28]

To the north of the city boundary in this area is the Pycombe parish.

Patcham downland

Ewe Bottom from the Sussex Border Path
Sheep on Tegdown Hill
Southwestward view along Ladies Mile, Patcham

The Downland to the north of Patcham leads up to Ditchling Beacon and the western end of the Clayton to Offham Escarpment. Tegdown Hill is the next hill to the west of the downland Ditchling Road. A remarkable "ring barrow" survives (TQ 313 101) on its brow, together with the slight mounds of two other bowl barrows. Tegdown ring barrow has been described as "probably the best of this type in the county".[29] It consists of a circular bank with a ditch and a flattish interior. It lies just south of a big dried up dew pond. From Tegdown you can see the three Iron Age camps of Hollingbury Castle, Ditchling Beacon, and the Devil's Dyke. To the north of the city boundary is the long Ditchling parish.

The Mid Sussex track of the Sussex Border Path starts at the A27 roundabout and the eastern track takes you up Ewebottom Hiil leaving Scare Hill to its west, passing the Chattri to the east and on to Holt Hill and the Pyecombe parish. The western track takes you to Waterhall across the A23.

Those walking from

waxcaps and a fairy club fungus.[12]

To the south of the A27 and on the western edge of Patcham is

devil's-bit scabious
and the powder-blue lesser scabious radiate.

The Chattri

Chattri Brighton from the West

The Chattri (TQ 304 110) is a place of memorial and a destination for walks. It can be accessed from the Sussex Border Path to its west or by scrambling through the thickets of Deep Bottom. It is a solemn place where the bodies of First World War Indian Sikh and Hindu soldiers who died from wounds whilst being nursed at the Brighton Pavilion "passed through the fire", for this was their "ghat", or place of cremation. Its white Sicilian marble dome is in good condition, but the surrounding memorial garden is often unkept.[12]

Hollingbury and Hollingdean

Northeastward view along Hollingbury Crescent, Hollingdean

What is now considered to be

Fiveways. However, old Hollingbury was the crest of the hill by the hillfort
, Hollingbury Park and even the east-facing slope. Until the 1930s the area was open downland with farms, small-holdings and piggeries. After World War Two, Hollingbury was used for a factory estate with the housing for the workforce.

Hollingdean is in the combe east of Ditchling Road and rising up to the north-facing slope to Roedale allotments, the golf course and

Fiveways
.

Hollingbury Castle, Hollingbury Woods, and Wild Park

View from Hollingbury Hill, Brighton

There is an oasis of undeveloped green space at the peak of the Down between

tormentil growing there.[12]

To the south is Hollingbury Golf Course, the Roedale allotments and Hollingbury Park (TQ 314 075). The park was originally part of the golf course. Its Edwardian pavilion was the original (circa 1908) clubhouse. East of the Park is the two-century-old Hollingbury Woods, now full of the rotting carcasses of beech giants toppled in the 1987 gale. It is a popular walk, with Fittleworth Stone walks, glades, and benches. It has received the loving care of a local "Friends" group for many years now.[12]

Footpath towards Moulsecoomb Wild Park

To the west of Moulsecoombe is Wild Park (TQ 327 080). The park is a valley/coombe which runs down from Hollingbury Castle and was opened in 1925. In the 1850s the valley, then known as Hollingbury Coombe, was one of the most famous of Sussex sites for lepidopterists (butterfly and moth experts), but

collared earthstar, stinkhorn, and shaggy inkcap in the circling woods.[12]

Coldean, Moulsecoomb, and Bevendean

Coldean, Moulsecoomb, and Bevendean are suburbs developed by Brighton Corporation in the 1950s necessitated by the acute housing shortage in the area after World War II. The districts are all in beautiful downland areas.

Coldean occupies a deep valley on the historic boundary of

Hollingbury Hillfort by Wild Park. It has recently been approved to build over two hundred new homes in green land adjoining the South Downs and Stanmer Estate that ten years ago had been proposed to be a Local Nature Reserve.[32]

Bevendean is in a valley nestled between Bevendean Down and Heath Hill.

Moulsecoomb is on the other side of the Lewes Road and backs on to Falmer Hill, and is home to the University of Brighton's Moulsecoomb campus and Moulsecoomb Place. North of Moulsecoomb is the Falmer train station, University of Brighton's Falmer campus, and Falmer Stadium.

Stanmer village and Stanmer park

Stanmer Park
Stanmer Village

In this area to the north east of Coldean are two further valleys. The first is occupied by Stanmer village (TQ 33 09), a village with much historical value. The upper village street has eighteen flint cottages, with colourful gardens. The church was reconstructed in 1838, but the date of the original church can be guessed from the two huge and knotty yews in the churchyard. Next to the church is a pond, which although often unkempt, is probably the reason why Stanmer is so called, as "stan mere" is likely to derive from the Saxon "stony pool".[33]:312 Between the church and the barn is a Tudor well 252 feet deep and a wooden donkey wheel, like that at Saddlescombe, contained within a flint well-house. The well was in use until mains water was installed in 1900.[34]

Stanmer Woods were transformed in the 18th century after the Pelhams, later Earls of Chichester, had bought them. They planted a circle of woods along the hill-tops surrounding the dry valley in which the village lay and more shaws and clumps were scattered within. In 2007 the City Council took the initiative after the recent retirement of the Park's farming tenant and opened up all the closed woods and pasture fields to public access.[34] The paths, gates and benches the council made are all popular with Brighton residents and beyond.

The largest plantation is called the Great Wood (TQ 335 090) and has acquired many of the plants of ancient woodland, some by planting and some have made their own way there. Under the council's control there has been much imaginative new planting too: "The trees are laid out alphabetically, with Acer and

Blue Atlas Cedar
with several slighter companions.

The next valley is occupied by the University of Sussex, which opened in 1961. In 2021, it is the place of study of over 16,000 students.[36] The Brighton and Hove City border is surrounded by the large Falmer parish in this area.

Bevendean Down and Falmer Hill

Bevendean Down (Local Nature Reserve)
Bridleway, Falmer Hill

rockrose.[12]

On the southern side of Bevendean is Heath Hill which runs up to Warren Road and two horse pasture smallholdings, Southdown Riding Stables (TQ 335 058) and Inglesíde Stables to the east. Neither receive any agro-chemicals and consequently have gathered rich wildlife in the past half century. Swallows and swifts, bats and dung beetles, rooks and woodpecker and the hornet robberfly all survive on the rich supply of insects attracted by the pony dung.[12] Both the farmsteads of Southdown's and Ingleside Stables are targeted for housing development within Brighton and Hove City Council's draft City Plan Part 2. The loss of these two farmsteads, which organise the grazing of these nature-rich pastures, would put them at risk.[26] To the east of Heath Hill is Race Hill which is part of the Bevendean Down LNR. The Brighton Permaculture Trust has created a community orchard on Race Hill.[38]

Falmer Hill (TQ 365 076) gives great views across to Hollingbury Castle and Stanmer Park and the higher Downs beyond. The Hill's top remained unploughed till the last World War. It had a cluster of about ten probably Saxon barrows and a couple of round barrows. Nothing remains now except white smears of chalk and flint on the ploughed earth, where the barrows were.[12] To the west of the Hill is City boundary which borders the Kingston near Lewes parish.

Kemptown, Whitehawk and Roedean

1–14 Chichester Terrace, Kemp Town

Kemp Town is a district to east of Brighton. It was designed by

Roedean gap. There is some housing and Roedean school
, a public girls school that faces the sea.

To the north of Kemp Town is Whitehawk, a district of Brighton that has been built since 1931. On the saddle between

Brighton Race Course
. Horse racing started on the Hill in the late 18th century next to the causewayed camp.

Whitehawk Hill, Sheepcote Valley, and East Brighton Golf Course

Sheepcote Valley
Westward view across Brighton from Whitehawk Hill

Whitehawk Hill's lower slopes have large allotment sites, and there is a transmitting station on its top. To the north of the hilltop is the neolithic Whitehawk Camp.

To the east of Whitehawk is Sheepcote Valley (TQ 341 045). Here over 90 hectares (220 acres) are open to the public. In the 1870s there was a rifle range for volunteer soldiers sited here. The park was acquired in 1913 and laid out with plants and sports pitches in 1925. The northern part of the Valley served for many years as a municipal rubbish dump. When that purpose was completed, however, a kilometre and more of the upper Valley was terraced with six giant steps, which have now softened further with the cover of grass and low scrub. Now many birds breed in the area and many more pass through and stop extended periods on migration. Uncommon bird species are often seen there, such as rare warblers, wryneck, and redstarts. Sheepcote's lower valley has a caravan park where the first municipal site in the country was opened in 1938. There are playing fields embraced by the valley slopes and a café in East Brighton Park.[39]

To its east is East Brighton Golf Course (TQ 346 042) with extensive roughs, scrub thickets, and woodland. In winter,

common fumitory.[12]

Woodingdean, Ovingdean, and Rottingdean

St Wulfran, Ovingdean

Ovingdean (TQ 355 035) is east of Brighton and slightly set back from the sea. It is a historic settlement that has existed since at least the Iron Age

about 600 BC. In ancient documents, the area is described as "Ofamn-inge-denu" or "the valley of the enclosure of Ofa's people".[33] The Domesday book of 1086 records that the manor of 'hovingedene'. At that time the population of Ovingdean was about 90 people who included the lord of the manor and his family.

By 2020 there were nearer 1,200 inhabitants and many new buildings, but the old core of Ovingdean still exists and many flint walls, old cottages, barns (converted) and gentry houses have been retained. The Norman church of St Wulfran's is the oldest surviving building in the village and has lots of surviving early details. North of the church the stonewalled paddock is full of humps and hollows that mark where a Saxon thane had his manor house. To the south of the village in front of the sea is one of Blind Veterans UK's rehabilitation centres. On the beach is a cafe and beach for rock pooling at low tide.

chalk grassland and archaeological features. A historic windmill is at the centre of the nature reserve.[40]

Woodingdean is north of Ovingdean and east of the Brighton Racecourse. It was extensively developed during the 1950s and 1960s when most of the roads in the north-eastern and southern ends of the village were built. The name Woodingdean came from Woodendean (i.e. wooded valley) Farm which was situated in the south end of what is now Ovingdean.[41] This farm existed from before 1714 until 1979. Perhaps the earliest farming settlement to be identified in the area was situated in Wick Bottom. It was here that the Wick Farm, later Warren Farm was situated.

East Brighton downland and undercliff path

Undercliff path East of Brighton
Happy Valley, Woodingdean
Track at The Bostle

Between the

Sea lavender also clings to the cliff ledges. Occasionally one can find samphire, too.[12]

To the west of the Falmer Road from Woodingdean is Happy Valley (TQ 357 047), a bushy, cattle-grazed slope with old Down pasture herbs, bits of gorse, and thorn. Further south is Mount Pleasant (TQ 354 045). The west slope looks over Wick Bottom and is a small triangle of rich chalk grassland. It's rough and derelict, but special wildlife clings on. There's big swarms of

hairy violet. European stonechat frequent its thorn and bramble.[12]

Just east of Woodingdean, is the Bostle barrow field (TQ 371 054). There is a cluster of at least twenty-seven small low grassy mounds, which are probably Saxon, and three larger, probably

sheep's fescue turf, just south of the barrow field.[12]

East a little further there is one of the most special natural sites in the Brighton area,

early spider orchids, Roesel's bush-cricket, wart-biter grasshopper, and dramatic butterfly displays that include dark green fritillary, adonis blue, and thousands of chalkhill blues.[42]

The Brighton and Hove boundary

The Patcham Pylons mark the border of Brighton and Hove on the A23

From west to east the administrative boundary of Brighton and Hove begins on the coast at Gate 4 of Shoreham Port. It crosses the

A259 between Brambledean Road and St Richard's Road in Portslade. From here, the border joins Eastbrook Road, and runs north up St Aubrey's Crescent. It then runs along the Sussex Border Path, through Fishersgate Station, separating Portslade from the neighbouring town of Southwick. Running west of Mile Oak, the border crosses the A27 skirting Mile Oak Farm and continues towards Devil's Dyke, before turning east over the Downs. The border then extends north from Tydell Farm to the outskirts of Pyecombe – its most northerly point. It crosses the A23 at the Patcham Pylons
, which signifies the border for incoming traffic.

Continuing east, the border runs north of the Chattri and Standean Farm, before crossing Ditchling Road at the Upper Lodges and running along the northerly limits of Stanmer Park and Stanmer Village. At this point, the border turns south and runs to the eastern edge of the University of Sussex campus, re-crossing the A27 along The Drove and passing east of Falmer Stadium. It continues along The Drove and Falmer Road to Woodingdean. Running north of Woodingdean, the border then heads southeast through Balsdean before adjoining to a footpath which enters Saltdean at the top of Longridge Avenue. The border runs down Longridge Avenue to the junction with Lynwood Road, where it turns south over houses and back across the A259 before returning the coastline at the eastern end of Saltdean Beach.

Governance

Corporate logo of the council

As a unitary authority,

directly elected mayor to the city was rejected by referendum in 2001. As a result, the council uses a cabinet system to form its executive. Geoff Raw is the current chief executive.[45] Both Brighton Town Hall in The Lanes, and Hove Town Hall
on Church Road are used as meeting places for council.

The council is currently composed of 38 Labour, 7 Green, 6 Conservative and 3 independent councillors

The council was under

Greens. The first Green administration, elected in 2011, was the first time any Green Party had run a council in the UK, highlighting the city as the party's primary area of support. A Labour administration was elected in 2015, and the party narrowly retained a plurality in 2019, however expulsions from the Labour group led to the Greens regaining control of the administration in 2020. At the 2023 local elections, Labour regained control of the council.[46] Bella Sankey is the current Leader of the council.[47]

Three constituencies cover Brighton and Hove in the

Telscombe Cliffs and Peacehaven, is represented by Labour MP Lloyd Russell-Moyle
.

Wards

Ward Location Population[48] Ward Location Population
Brunswick and Adelaide 11,475 Preston Park 15,263
Central Hove 9,831 Queens Park 16,284
East Brighton 14,138 Regency 11,986
Goldsmid 16,571 Rottingdean Coastal 14,325
Hangleton and Knoll 14,848 South Portslade 9,836
Hanover and Elm Grove 17,673 St Peter's and North Laine 20,670
Hollingdean and Stamner 18,121 Westbourne 10,360
Hove Park 11,081 Wish 10,031
Moulsecoombe and Bevendean 18,772 Withdean 15,196
North Portslade 9,968 Woodingdean 9,968
Patcham 14,606

Economy and demography

Population pyramid of Brighton and Hove in 2021

The economy of the city is service-based with a strong emphasis on creative, digital and electronic technologies. Tourism and entertainment are important sectors for the city, which has many hotels and amusements, as well as

Brighton Pier and Shoreham/Portslade Harbour
.

The

United Kingdom Census 2011 showed a substantial fall in the proportion of the population claiming Jobseeker's Allowance or Income Support, from 10.1% of the resident population in 2001, to 4.5% of the resident population in 2011.[49]

Demography

The first census of Brighton was in 1801.[50]

The resident population of Brighton and Hove at the 2011 census was 273,369 persons, 50% male and 50% female.[51]

The 2011 census found the ethnic composition of Brighton and Hove to be 89.1% white (80.5% white British, 1.4% white Irish, 7.1% other white), 4.1% Asian (1.1% Chinese, 1.1% Indian, 0.5% Bangladeshi, 1.2% other Asian), 3.8% mixed race (1.5% mixed black/white, 1.2% mixed white/Asian, 1.0% other mix), 1.5% black, and 0.8% Arab.[52]

The 2011 census found the religious composition to be 42.90% Christian, 42.42% nonreligious, 2.23% Muslim, 1.00% Buddhist, and 0.98% Jewish. 1.66% were adherents of some other religion, while 8.81% did not state their religion.[52]

In the 2001 census, Brighton and Hove had the highest percentage of citizens indicating their religion as Jedi among all principal areas of England and Wales.[53]

Ethnicity

Ethnic Group Year
1991[54] 2001[55] 2011[56] 2021[57]
Number % Number % Number % Number %
White: Total 221,767 96.9% 233,582 94.3% 243,512 89.1% 236,571 85.4%
White: British 218,134 88% 220,018 80.5% 204,831 73.9%
White: Irish 3,965 3,772 3,944 1.4%
White: Gypsy or Irish Traveller 198 197 0.1%
White: Roma 787 0.3%
White: Other 11,483 4.6% 19,524 7.1% 26,812 9.7%
Asian or Asian British
: Total
3,845 1.7% 5,844 2.4% 11,278 4.1% 13,217 4.7%
Asian or Asian British: Indian 1,241 2,106 2,996 3,633 1.3%
Asian or Asian British: Pakistani 283 540 649 929 0.3%
Asian or Asian British: Bangladeshi 465 975 1,367 1,729 0.6%
Asian or Asian British: Chinese 965 1,305 2,999 3,065 1.1%
Asian or Asian British: Other Asian 891 918 3,267 3,861 1.4%
Black or Black British: Total 1,343 0.6% 1,992 0.8% 4,188 1.5% 5,458 2%
Black or Black British: African 562 1,380 2,893 3,949 1.4%
Black or Black British: Caribbean 323 468 879 988 0.4%
Black or Black British: Other Black 458 144 416 521 0.2%
Mixed or British Mixed: Total 4,799 1.9% 10,408 3.8% 13,228 4.7%
Mixed: White and Black Caribbean 834 2,182 2,410 0.9%
Mixed: White and Black African 961 2,019 2,334 0.8%
Mixed: White and Asian 1,582 3,351 4,198 1.5%
Mixed: Other Mixed 1,422 2,856 4,286 1.5%
Other: Total 2,017 1% 1,600 0.6% 3,983 1.5% 8,629 3.1%
Other: Arab 2,184 0.8% 3,049 1.1%
Other: Any other ethnic group 2,017 1% 1,600 0.6% 1,799 0.6% 5,580 2.0%
Total 228,972 100% 247,817 100% 273,369 100% 277,103 100%

Religion

Religion 2001[58] 2011[59] 2021[60]
Number % Number % Number %
No religion 66,955 27.0 115,954 42.4 152,966 55.2
Holds religious beliefs 158,849 64.1 133,326 48.8 104,377 37.7
Christian 146,466 59.1 117,276 42.9 85,629 30.9
Buddhist 1,747 0.7 2,742 1.0 2,455 0.9
Hindu 1,300 0.5 1,792 0.7 2,100 0.8
Jewish 3,358 1.4 2,670 1.0 2,455 0.9
Muslim
3,635 1.5 6,095 2.2 8,500 3.1
Sikh 237 0.1 342 0.1 378 0.1
Other religion 2,106 0.8 2,409 0.9 2,860 1.0
Religion not stated 22,013 8.9 24,089 8.8 19,760 7.1
Total population 247,817 100.0 273,369 100.0 277,103 100.0

Media

  • Brighton and Hove Independent[61] from SussexWorld[62]
  • The Argus[63]
  • Brighton Herald was the first newspaper, published from 6 September 1806 to 30 September 1971, then absorbed by the Brighton and Hove Gazette.[64]
  • Brighton and Hove Gazette[65]
  • Brighton Gazette, a weekly newspaper was published in 1821 until 1985, when it was absorbed into a free weekly, the Brighton and Hove Leader.[66][67]
  • Brighton and Hove Leader
  • Brighton and Hove Herald[68]
  • Brighton and Hove News, a news website, launched in 2009, since 2017, a member of the Independent Community News Network.[69]

Freedom of the City

The following have received the Freedom of the City of Brighton and Hove.

Individuals

  • Sir Peter Field: 15 July 2021.[70]
  • Tony Bloom: 18 May 2017.[71]
  • Chris Hughton: 18 May 2017.[71]

Military units

Organisations and groups

See also

References

  1. ^
    Office for National Statistics
    . Retrieved 5 January 2024.
  2. ^ a b "City Deal; The beginning of a great city region". Brighton and Hove City Council. 2014. Retrieved 31 May 2020.
  3. ^ a b c "Final Recommendations for the Future Local Government of East Sussex" (PDF). Local Government Commission For England. December 1994. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 June 2012. Retrieved 19 May 2021.
  4. ^ "Page 1431 | Issue 56109, 5 February 2001 | London Gazette | the Gazette".
  5. ^ a b c Salzman, L.F. (1940). A History of the County of Sussex: Volume 7, the Rape of Lewes. British History Online. pp. 244–263. Retrieved 13 May 2021.
  6. ^ "Boundaries". My Brighton and Hove. Retrieved 13 May 2021.
  7. ^ a b "Administration". Brighton History. Retrieved 13 May 2021.
  8. ^ a b c Salzman, L.F. (1940). A History of the County of Sussex: Volume 7, the Rape of Lewes. British History Online. pp. 265–268. Retrieved 12 May 2021.
  9. ^ "Records of Hove Borough Council and its predecessors". National Archives. Retrieved 12 May 2021.
  10. ^ "HOVE REGISTRATION DISTRICT". UK BMD. Retrieved 12 May 2021.
  11. ^ Mile Oak & Portslade Village: neighbourhood context. Brighton and Hove Council. Accessed on 29 September 2021
  12. ^
    OCLC 701098669
    .
  13. ^ Wilkinson, K.N., 2003. Colluvial deposits in dry valleys of southern England as proxy indicators of paleoenvironmental and land‐use change. Geoarchaeology: An International Journal, 18(7), pp.725–755.
  14. ^ A History of the County of Sussex: Volume 7, the Rape of Lewes. Originally published by Victoria County History, London, 1940.
  15. ^ 'Parishes: West Blatchington', in A History of the County of Sussex: Volume 7, the Rape of Lewes, ed. L F Salzman (London, 1940), pp. 242–244. British History Online http://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/sussex/vol7/pp242-244 [accessed 1 October 2021].
  16. ^ "Medieval Building Hangleton – Weald & Downland Museum". Weald & Downland Living Museum. Retrieved 30 September 2021.
  17. ^ A P Baggs, C R J Currie, C R Elrington, S M Keeling and A M Rowland, 'Fishersgate Half-Hundred', in A History of the County of Sussex: Volume 6 Part 1, Bramber Rape (Southern Part), ed. T P Hudson (London, 1980), pp. 130–131. British History Online http://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/sussex/vol6/pt1/pp130-131 [accessed 30 September 2021].
  18. ^ Syed, Yasmin; Burton, Martin (24 March 2021). "The medieval Hove suburb once abandoned for 600 years". sussexlive. Retrieved 30 September 2021.
  19. ^ "Toads Hole Valley plans remain a cause for concern". Brighton and Hove News. 8 January 2021. Retrieved 17 October 2021.
  20. ^ Dyke Railway Trail. Easy Access Trails. South Downs Join Committee. Accessed on 21 October 2021
  21. ^ "Domesday Book: In PRESTON Hundred". The National Archives. Archived from the original on 21 February 2015. Retrieved 17 October 2021.
  22. ^ "First record of Withdean c12th century". My Brighton and Hove. Retrieved 17 October 2021.
  23. ^ "Withdean Park boasts a famous lilac collection". My Brighton and Hove. Archived from the original on 17 October 2021. Retrieved 17 October 2021.
  24. ^ "Withdean Woods | Sussex Wildlife Trust". sussexwildlifetrust.org.uk. Retrieved 17 October 2021.
  25. ^ "'Wild cats to elephants, hippopotamus and wolves' – rewilding a golf course". The Argus. 22 September 2020. Retrieved 1 October 2021.
  26. ^ .
  27. ^ "Hundreds attend mass trespass for the right to roam". The Argus. 26 July 2021. Retrieved 6 September 2021.
  28. ^ "'Mass Trespass' tradition given new lease of life". Morning Star. 30 July 2021. Retrieved 5 September 2021.
  29. .
  30. ^ "Hillfort, the possible remains of a Romano-Celtic temple and a group of three bowl barrows at Hollingbury, Non Civil Parish – 1014526 | Historic England". historicengland.org.uk. Retrieved 4 October 2021.
  31. ^ "Hillfort, the possible remains of a Romano-Celtic temple and a group of three bowl barrows at Hollingbury, Non Civil Parish – 1014526 | Historic England". Historic England. Archived from the original on 22 December 2018. Retrieved 17 October 2021.
  32. ^ Doherty-Cove, Jody (29 September 2020). "'Final stand' to save green land from development". The Argus. Archived from the original on 28 October 2020. Retrieved 19 October 2021.
  33. ^
    OCLC 495468780
    .
  34. ^ a b Stanmer Conservation Area: Appraisal (2015) Brighton And Hove Council. Accessed on 13 October 2021
  35. ^ Johnson, Owen (1998). The Sussex Tree Book. Pomegranate Press, page 91.
  36. ^ "Facts and figures : Rankings and figures". University of Sussex. Archived from the original on 15 February 2017. Retrieved 18 October 2021.
  37. ^ Pawsey, Tessa; Stevens, Geoff. "Bevendean LNR". Butterfly Conservation – Sussex Branch. Archived from the original on 10 August 2020. Retrieved 15 October 2021.
  38. ^ "About Race Hill Community Orchard". Brighton Permaculture Trust. Retrieved 2 January 2024.
  39. ^ "A special place for birds". Friends of Sheepcote Valley. Archived from the original on 7 April 2005. Retrieved 17 October 2021.
  40. ^ "Beacon Hill". Rottingdean Parish Council. Retrieved 31 August 2023.
  41. ^ "History of Woodingdean". My Brighton and Hove. Archived from the original on 7 August 2020. Retrieved 21 October 2021.
  42. ^ "East Sussex's National Nature Reserves". Corporate report: East Sussex's National Nature Reserves. Archived from the original on 1 January 2015. Retrieved 17 October 2021.
  43. ^ "Brighton & Hove local elections results 2019". 3 May 2019. Archived from the original on 4 May 2019. Retrieved 4 May 2019.
  44. ^ "The Mayor of Brighton & Hove". Brighton & Hove City Council. Retrieved 25 September 2023.
  45. ^ "Chief executive". Brighton and Hove City Council. Retrieved 3 December 2015.
  46. ^ "Labour win overall majority in Brighton & Hove local elections". Brighton and Hove City Council. 5 May 2023. Retrieved 6 June 2023.
  47. ^ "New council roles confirmed at Annual Council Meeting". Brighton and Hove City Council. 30 May 2023. Retrieved 6 June 2023.
  48. ^ "UNITED KINGDOM: South East England Local Authority Districts and Wards". City Population. Retrieved 11 May 2020.
  49. 2001 census
    ) Retrieved 2015-02-27.
  50. ^ "Census records". East Sussex County Council. Archived from the original on 28 January 2021. Retrieved 17 October 2021.
  51. ^ "Brighton & Hove City Snapshot – Summary of Statistics 2014" (PDF). Brighton & Hove City Council. Archived (PDF) from the original on 6 May 2016. Retrieved 3 September 2017.
  52. ^
    Office for National Statistics
    . Retrieved 14 March 2018.
  53. ^ "2001 Census". statistics.gov.uk. Archived from the original on 9 January 2007.
  54. ^ Data is taken from United Kingdom Casweb Data services of the United Kingdom 1991 Census on Ethnic Data for England, Scotland and Wales (Table 6)
  55. ^ "Office of National Statistics; 2001 Census Key Statistics". webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk. Retrieved 7 September 2021.
  56. ^ "2011 Census: Ethnic Group, local authorities in England and Wales". webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk. Retrieved 15 December 2021.
  57. ^ "Ethnic group - Office for National Statistics". www.ons.gov.uk. Retrieved 29 November 2022.
  58. ^ "KS007 - Religion - Nomis - 2001". www.nomisweb.co.uk. Retrieved 18 October 2022.
  59. ^ "KS209EW (Religion) - Nomis - 2011". www.nomisweb.co.uk. Retrieved 18 October 2022.
  60. ^ "Religion - 2021 census". Office of National Statistics. 29 November 2022. Archived from the original on 29 November 2022. Retrieved 16 December 2022.
  61. ^ https://www.brightonandhoveindependent.co.uk/[bare URL]
  62. ^ https://www.sussexexpress.co.uk/your-sussex/east-sussex/brighton-and-hove[bare URL]
  63. ^ "Brighton and Hove news from the Argus".
  64. ^ "Brighton Herald photograph collection".
  65. ^ "Brighton and Hove Herald and Brighton and Hove Gazette".
  66. ^ "Brighton Gazette · Historic Brighton Newspapers".
  67. ^ https://www.thekeep.info/tag/brighton-gazette/[bare URL]
  68. ^ "Brighton and Hove Herald and Brighton and Hove Gazette".
  69. ^ "About". 6 December 2013.
  70. ^ "Queen's man on the ground to be given 'freedom of the city'". Brighton and Hove News. 13 July 2021. Retrieved 13 July 2021.
  71. ^ a b "Brighton & Hove Albion manager and chairman receive city freedom". BBC News. 18 May 2017. Retrieved 7 March 2022.
  72. ^ "The Royal West Sussex Regiment" (PDF). West Sussex County Council. Retrieved 13 July 2021.
  73. ^ "Freedom of the Borough – Corporation and Council – Topics – My Brighton and Hove". mybrightonandhove.org.uk.
  74. ^ "Freedom of the city march". My Brighton and Hove. 22 June 2011. Archived from the original on 14 October 2012.
  75. ^ "Albion awarded Freedom of the City". Brighton & Hove Albion Football Club. 20 September 2023. Retrieved 22 September 2023.
  76. ^ "Brighton & Hove Albion in line for Freedom of the City". BBC News Sussex. 21 September 2023. Retrieved 22 September 2023.

External links