Brindisi
Brindisi
Brìnnisi (Sicilian) | |
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Comune di Brindisi | |
Theodore of Amasea and Lawrence of Brindisi | |
Saint day | First Sunday in September |
Website | comune |
Brindisi (US: /ˈbrɪndɪzi, ˈbriːn-/ BRIN-diz-ee, BREEN-,[3][4] Italian: [ˈbrindizi] ⓘ)[note 1] is a city in the region of Apulia in southern Italy, the capital of the province of Brindisi, on the coast of the Adriatic Sea. Historically, the city has played an important role in trade and culture, due to its strategic position on the Italian Peninsula and its natural port on the Adriatic Sea. The city remains a major port for trade with Greece and the Middle East. Its industries include agriculture, chemical works, and the generation of electricity.
The city of Brindisi was the provisional government seat of the Kingdom of Italy from September 1943 to February 1944.
Etymology
The name comes through the Latin Brundisium through the Greek Brentesion and Messapi Brention meaning "head of deer" related with Albanian bri, brî - pl. Brini zi ( black horn ) brirë, brinë ("horn"; "antler") [< late Proto-Albanian *brina < earlier *brena ].[5][6] The city's name appears, therefore, to refer to the shape of the port which recalls the shape of the head of the animal.
Heraldry
The emblem of the city of Brindisi relates to certain unique characteristics of the ancient city of Brindisi, some of them still visible today. The head of deer derives from the Messapic name of the city Brention, a name inspired by the shape of the port city, which is reminiscent of the antlers of a stag. The emblem also contains the so-called "terminal pillar" of the Appian Way.
History
Ancient times
There are several traditions concerning its founders; one of them claims that it was founded by the legendary hero Diomedes. The geographer Strabo says that it was colonized from Knossos in Crete.[7]
Brindisi was originally a
After the
The poet
Middle Ages and modern times
Later Brindisi was conquered by Ostrogoths, and reconquered by the Byzantine Empire in the 6th century AD. In 674 it was destroyed by the Lombards led by Romuald I of Benevento, but such a fine natural harbor meant that the city was soon rebuilt. In the 9th century, a Saracen settlement existed in the neighborhood of the city, which had been stormed in 836 by pirates.
In 1070, it was conquered by the Normans and became part of the
It was in the cathedral of Brindisi that the wedding of Norman Prince
A plague devastated Brindisi in 1348; it was plundered in 1352 and 1383; and an earthquake struck the city in 1456.[11]
Brindisi fell to
Between September 1943 and February 1944 the city functioned as the temporary government seat of Italy, and hosted King Victor Emmanuel III, Pietro Badoglio and a part of the Italian armed forces command in September 1943 after the armistice with Italy.
In the 21st century, Brindisi serves as the home base of the
On 19 May 2012, a bomb, made of three gas cylinders, detonated in front of a vocational school in Brindisi, killing a 16-year-old female student.[13][14]
Geography
Brindisi is situated on a natural harbour, that penetrates deeply into the Adriatic coast of Apulia. Within the arms of the outer harbour islands are Pedagne, a tiny
Territory
The territory of Brindisi is characterised by a wide flat area from which emerge sub deposits of limestone and sand of marine origin, which in turn have a deeper level clay of the Pleistocene era, and an even later Mesozoic carbonate composed of limestone and soils. The development of agriculture, has caused an increase in the use of water resources resulting in an increase of indiscriminate use.[15]
Climate
Brindisi experiences a Mediterranean climate (Köppen: Csa). Summers are hot and dry with abundant sunshine. Summer heat indexes can be regularly over 30 °C (86 °F) and occasionally as high as 37 °C (99 °F) during July and August. Winters are mild with moderate rainfall. Brindisi and the mostly topographically flat Salento peninsula is subject to light winds during the majority of the year. The two main winds in Salento are the Maestral and the Scirocco. The northerly Maestral wind from the Adriatic sea is cooling, moderating summer heat and increasing winter wind chill. The southerly Scirocco wind from the Sahara, brings higher temperatures and humidity to Salento. During spring and autumn, Sirocco winds can bring thunderstorms, occasionally dropping red sand from the Sahara in the region. Snow is rare in Brindisi but occurred during the January 2017 cold spell which brought snow and ice to much of southern Italy.
Climate data for Brindisi, elevation: 15 m or 49 ft, 1991-2020 normals, extremes 1932–present | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 22.0 (71.6) |
23.0 (73.4) |
27.0 (80.6) |
28.2 (82.8) |
35.4 (95.7) |
43.4 (110.1) |
44.4 (111.9) |
43.8 (110.8) |
39.6 (103.3) |
31.6 (88.9) |
27.0 (80.6) |
22.5 (72.5) |
44.4 (111.9) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 13.2 (55.8) |
13.5 (56.3) |
15.7 (60.3) |
18.5 (65.3) |
22.7 (72.9) |
27.6 (81.7) |
29.5 (85.1) |
29.9 (85.8) |
26.4 (79.5) |
22.1 (71.8) |
18.1 (64.6) |
14.3 (57.7) |
20.9 (69.6) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | 9.9 (49.8) |
10.1 (50.2) |
12.1 (53.8) |
14.7 (58.5) |
18.8 (65.8) |
23.1 (73.6) |
25.7 (78.3) |
26.1 (79.0) |
22.6 (72.7) |
18.6 (65.5) |
14.7 (58.5) |
11.2 (52.2) |
17.3 (63.1) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 6.5 (43.7) |
6.6 (43.9) |
8.4 (47.1) |
10.7 (51.3) |
14.8 (58.6) |
19.1 (66.4) |
21.8 (71.2) |
22.2 (72.0) |
18.7 (65.7) |
15.1 (59.2) |
11.3 (52.3) |
7.8 (46.0) |
13.6 (56.5) |
Record low °C (°F) | −6.4 (20.5) |
−2.6 (27.3) |
−4.2 (24.4) |
0.8 (33.4) |
5.1 (41.2) |
9.8 (49.6) |
12.4 (54.3) |
13.6 (56.5) |
9.0 (48.2) |
4.0 (39.2) |
0.4 (32.7) |
−2.5 (27.5) |
−6.4 (20.5) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 62.0 (2.44) |
89.3 (3.52) |
52.7 (2.07) |
47.6 (1.87) |
28.9 (1.14) |
14.3 (0.56) |
13.8 (0.54) |
13.0 (0.51) |
57.3 (2.26) |
67.9 (2.67) |
106.5 (4.19) |
67.6 (2.66) |
620.8 (24.44) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 7.21 | 6.87 | 6.27 | 6.20 | 4.00 | 2.10 | 1.43 | 1.67 | 4.73 | 5.07 | 7.27 | 7.93 | 60.75 |
Average relative humidity (%)
|
76.6 | 75.9 | 75.0 | 74.7 | 74.6 | 72.2 | 71.0 | 72.0 | 72.8 | 75.9 | 77.9 | 77.4 | 74.7 |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 148.5 | 155.4 | 210.5 | 227.7 | 286.4 | 312.0 | 344.4 | 321.2 | 245.7 | 202.7 | 146.7 | 140.7 | 2,742 |
Source 1: NOAA[16] | |||||||||||||
Source 2: Temperature estreme in Toscana[17] |
Main sights
- The Castello Svevo or Castello Grande ("Hohenstaufen Castle" or "Large Castle"), built by Emperor Frederick II. It has a trapezoid plan with massive square towers. Under the Crown of Aragon four towers were added to the original 13th-century structure. After centuries of being abandoned, in 1813 Joachim Murat turned it into a prison; after 1909 it was used by the Italian Navy. During World War II it was briefly the residence of King Victor Emmanuel III.
- The Aragonese Castle, best known as Forte a Mare ("Sea Fort"). It was built by King Ferdinand I of Naples in 1491 on the S. Andrea island facing the port. It is divided into two sections: the "Red Castle" (from the color of its bricks) and the more recent Fort.
- Two ancient Roman pillars, symbols of Brindisi. They were once thought to mark the ending points of the Appian Way, instead they were used as a port reference for the antique mariners. Only one of the two, standing at 18.74 metres (61.5 ft), is still visible. The other crumbled in 1582, and the ruins was given to Lecce to hold the statue of Saint Oronzo (Lecce's patron), because Saint Oronzo was reputed to have cured the plague in Brindisi.
- the Duomo (cathedral), built in Romanesque style in the 11th–12th centuries. What is visible today is the 18th-century reconstruction, after the original was destroyed by an earthquake on 20 February 1743. Parts of the original mosaic pavement can be seen in the interior.
- Church of Santa Maria del Casale (late 13th century), in Gothic-Romanesque style. The façade has a geometrical pattern of gray and yellow stones, with an entrance cusp-covered portico. The interior has early-14th-century frescoes including, in the counter-façade, a Last Judgement in four sections, by Rinaldo da Taranto. They are in late-Byzantine style.
- Church of San Benedetto, in Romanesque style. Perhaps built before the 11th century as part of a Benedictine nunnery, it has a massive bell tower with triple-mullioned windows and Lombard bands. A side portal is decorated with 11th-century motifs, while the interior has a nave covered by cross vaults, while the aisles, separated by columns with Romanesque capitals, have half-barrel vaults. The cloister (11th century) has decorated capitals.
- Portico of the Templars (13th century). Despite the name, it was in reality the loggia of the bishop's palace. It is now the entrance to the Museo Ribezzo.
- the Fontana Grande (Grand Fountain), built by the Romans on the Appian Way. It was restored in 1192 by Tancred of Lecce.
- Piazza della Vittoria (Victory Square). It has a 17th-century fountain.
- Church of Santa Maria degli Angeli (1609).
- Church of the Sacred Heart.
- Church of San Giovanni al Sepolcro, with circular plan, dating from the 12th century.
- Church of the Santissima Trinità (or Santa Lucia, 14th century). It has a late 12th-century crypt.
- the Monument to Italian Sailors
Natural areas
Within the territory of the town of Brindisi environmental protected areas are located, some newly established:
- The Regional Natural Park of Punta della Contessa Salt: wetland of 87 hectares (214 acres) between Capo di Torre Cavallo and Punta della Contessa
- The Regional Nature Reserve Forest Cerano: a protected natural area that falls within the territory of Brindisi and San Pietro Vernotico;
- The Regional Nature Reserve Bosco of Santa Teresa and Lucci: it is a protected natural area composed of two forests whose name it bears. With the Sites of Community Importance(SCI) ;
- The Marine Nature Reserve Guaceto Tower: falling mostly in the municipality of Carovigno, are managed by a consortium which includes the municipalities of Brindisi, Carovigno and the WWF.
Demography
Migration
Brindisi has been the subject of extensive emigration during the 20th century, as well as all cities in the South. Emigration focused mainly on the lower strata of society who abandoned the countryside. Emigration can be traced in two great waves. The first, which was at its peak in the years immediately before and after the
Another important chapter in the demography of the town was the exodus of people from Albania in 1990–1991, which lasted almost a decade and led to the port of Brindisi receiving waves of Albanian immigrants.[18]
Ethnic groups
The largest non-Italian ethnic community is Albanian. The number of those who decided to stay in the city, however, is negligible in light of the number of immigrants who migrated. Brindisi remains the first step towards western Europe for displaced people from the Balkans.[19]
The large number of
The British presence is the result of a recent phenomenon of families from Northern Europe, especially English and Irish, settling in the region. Many such settlers are pensioners, buying villas in the Brindisi countryside. This phenomenon is relatively recent in Apulia, known as "Salentoshire", a playful neologism along the lines of "Chiantishire" on the consolidation of British tourism in Tuscany.[19]
Languages and dialects
The Brindisi dialect is a variant of
Religion
Brindisi, along with
On 30 September 1986, by decree of the
Culture
Traditions and folklore
Significant in Brindisi is the cult of Tarantismo that combines pagan and Christian tradition. In the past it was believed that women who showed forms of hysteria were infected by the bite of a Lycosa tarantula. The only known remedy was to dance continuously for days, so that the poison did not cause greater effect. Through music and dance was created a real exorcism in musical character. Each time a tarantato exhibited symptoms associated with Taranto, the tambourine, fiddle, mandolin, guitar and accordion players went in the house of the tarantato and began to play the pinch music with frenetic rhythms. The Brindisi pinch, as opposed to Lecce, is devoid of Christian references[24] and a therapeutic repertoire and musical detail.[25]
Education
Libraries
The Provincial Library is a public library located in Commenda avenue. It has over 100,000 books and an extensive newspaper archive and participates in the National Library Service. Inside a modern auditorium, a media office and the secretariats of the university offices of Bari and Lecce operate. The Archbishop Annibale De Leo Library is a prestigious public library housed in the Seminary of Brindisi, in Piazza Duomo. Founded in 1798 by archbishop of Brindisi Annibale De Leo, with an endowment of about 6,000 volumes, today it has over 20,000 volumes, 17 incunable, over 200 16th-century manuscripts. These include some rare works, and various manuscript collections.[26]
University
The
Museums
The "F. Ribezzo" Provincial Archaeological Museum is located in Piazza Duomo and has many large rooms, providing visitors with six sections: epigraphy, sculpture, the antiquarium, prehistoric, coins, medieval, modern and bronzes of Punta del Serrone. The Giovanni Tarantini Diocesan Museum is newly established and is housed in the Palazzo del Seminario. It has a collection of paintings, statues, ornaments and vestments from the churches of the diocese. Particularly important is the silver embossed Ark that has the remains of
Music and theatre
Over the past decade the city has developed and consolidated non-amateur theater companies, some dealing with theater for research and actor training. These companies have developed several socio-cultural projects for the promotion of the theater for people with disabilities. The same group of companies has produced six shows.[25]
The municipal theatre is the Teatro Verdi (New Verdi Theatre). It is located in the historical center of the city, and opened in 2006. In 2022, Stefano Miceli was appointed chairman of the theatre foundation. Under his guidance, the theater debuted its resident orchestra named Orchestra del Nuovo Teatro Verdi and its first symphonic concert season. During the same year the tenor Fabio Armiliato sang at the official inauguration of the first Verdi Gala at Nuovo Teatro Verdi, and new jazz and classical music festivals and international guests artists debuted at the theatre.
Brindisini
- Marcus Pacuvius(Brundisium, 04.29.220 b.C. – Tarentum, 02.07 130 b.C.) Roman artist, poet and dramatist, nephew of Quintus Ennius.
- Margaritus of Brindisi (also Margarito; Italian Margaritone or Greek Megareites or Margaritoni [Μαργαριτώνη]: c. 1149–1197), called the new Neptune, was the last great ammiratus ammiratorum (Grand Admiral) of Sicily. First Count of Malta, Prince of Taranto and Duke of Durazzo.
- Doctors of the Church.
- Cesare Braico (Brindisi 1816 - Rome 1887), patriot, doctor and politician
- Cristina Conchiglia (Brindisi 1923 - Lecce 2013), trade unionist and politician
- Giustino Durano (Brindisi 1923 – Bologna 2002), actor
- Benita Sciarra (Brindisi 1926 – Mesagne 1993), archaeologist
- Oscar Nuccio (Brindisi 1931–2004), historian of economics
- Eugenio Barba (Brindisi, 1936 ), director
- Songshan Shaolin Templeof China. He is currently the appointed Cultural Ambassador for the Songshan Shaolin Temple.
- 1994 World Cupfinal
- Eupremio Carruezzo (Brindisi, 9 December 1969), retired footballer.
- Stefano Miceli (Brindisi, 14 April 1975 ) pianist and conductor
- Flavia Pennetta (Brindisi, 25 February 1982 ) is a tennis player, reached 6th place in world rankings after winning the 2015 US Open.[27]
- Powerboating, 2 time world champion, in 2007 and 2008.
- Antimo Iunco (Brindisi, 10 June 1984 ) was a former football player and had the role of attacker.
- Daniele Vantaggiato (Brindisi, 10 October 1984 ) is a soccer player for Fasano and has the role of attacker .
- Gianluca Di Giulio (Brindisi, 17 February 1972), former footballer
Media
Radio
Radio station, CiccioRiccioBrindisi, is heard throughout Apulia, Basilicata, parts of Molise, Campania and Calabria. Radio Dara that started in a workshop, founded in 1980, now broadcasts across the province.[28]
As for the press, the La Gazzetta del Mezzogiorno publishes the Brindisi Journal. The Nuovo Quotidiano di Puglia, Salento's newspaper, also covers Brindisi. Senzacolonne, which was founded in 2004, is the only one with a central editorial office in Brindisi.[25] "The Nautilus" national scientific magazine based in Brindisi, reports on the sea, ports, transport and recreational boating. Other newspapers that have their headquarters in the city are BrindisiSera and "Brindisi News".
Television
Brindisi is home to the television stations Teleradio Agricoltura Informazione and Puglia TV, which began broadcasts in January 1988 in Brindisi.
Cuisine
Brindisi's cuisine is simple with basic ingredients used, starting with flour or unrefined barley, which is less expensive than wheat. Vegetables, snails, and bluefish figure prominently in its cuisine. Among the recipes are "
Beverages, spirits, liquors
Cheese
Brindisi cheeses are mostly from sheep, due to the significant ranching of sheep and goats. In the summer they produce ricotta, which can be eaten fresh or matured for a few months so that it has a stronger flavor. Typical of the winter season are the Pecorino, ricotta and strong ricotta (or cottage cheese). It is used to flavor spaghetti sauce or spread on bruschetta.[29] Fresh popular cheeses are burrata, junket, Manteca cheese, mozzarella or Fior di latte.
Vegetable products, processed or unprocessed
Vegetables are the true protagonist of the traditional diet of
Pasta, pastry and confectionery
Pasta and bread is made with unrefined flour, and thus takes on a dark colour. Durum wheat is mixed with traditional meal. Special local dishes include lasagna with vegetables, cavatelli, orecchiette (stacchioddi in Brindisi dialect) and ravioli stuffed with ricotta.
In breadmaking, local custom favours the use of durum wheat, bread flour and barley bread. For bread made with yeast (called criscituni) and cooked on an oven stone, Brindisi bakers use bundles of olive branches to give the bread a particular scent. One type of traditional bread is made with olives (called puccia). It is made with a much more refined wheat flour than for ordinary bread, to which are added black olives.
Also important are
Wine
In the area of Brindisi are produced
- Malvasia Nera di Brindisi,
- Negroamaro;
- Ottavianello;
- Sangiovese;
- Susumaniello.
The Brindisi DOC produces both red and
Events
- The day of Corpus Christi.
- The Procession to the beach of San Lorenzo and San Teodoro, on the first Saturday of September .
- The Feast of San Teodoro: Feast with candles, food stands, music, fireworks, in the first week of September.
Human geography
Roman period
From an urban point of view [58] [59], the city's earliest signs of human settlement are on the promontory of Punta Terre, a coastal area outside the port. As a Roman colony ( 244 BC ), the city experienced a major urban expansion that ensued economic and social development. According to Pliny the Elder, Brindisi was one of the most important Italian cities.
Middle Ages
During the Middle Ages, Brindisi suffered a sharp decline, after it was devastated by the Goths in the 6th century; Procopius describes it as a small city without defensive walls. The town shrank to a smaller area, probably around the San Leucio temple, outside the old town. The port was abandoned for several centuries. The rebirth came with the Byzantine domination (11th century ) and especially with the Normans and the Swabians (12th and 13th century), when it became a prime port for the Crusades. The city was divided into three districts or "pittachi": Santo Stefano (in the vicinity of the columns), Eufemia (in Santa Teresa) and San Toma (in the area of Saint Lucia). Under the Aragonese and the Spanish kings, the main efforts were directed mainly around the ramparts (walls, castle and sea fort to provide relief from mostly the Greeks, Albanians and Slavs.[23]
Modern era
Only through the reopening of the Pigott channel (1775), the city experienced a new impetus and reopened traffic with the East mainly due to the establishment of the Suez Canal at the end of the 19th century.[23]
Contemporary era
Demographic development in the 20th century led to the modern city overlying the ancient one, at the cost of the demolition of the neighbourhoods around San Pietro degli Schiavoni, Teatro Verdi, and the Clock Tower. Today urban planning demands that settlements of significant architectural impact are built outside the city centre. The city has now expanded beyond the walls of the historic centre to form the new suburbs of Commando, Capuchins, Sant'Angelo (1950–1970 ) and St. Clare, St. Elias, and Bozzano (1980–2000).[23]
Economy
The development of industry led to radical changes in the Brindisi economy and consequent development along the coast. Taking advantage of the location of the port, Brindisi is also a major seaport for Greece and Turkey.
Agriculture
Brindisi agriculture includes horticulture, viticulture, fruit and olives. The area that marked the territory for centuries is based on the culture of almonds, olives, tobacco, artichokes, and grain. Livestock consists of cattle, goats and sheep.
Industry
Industry in Brindisi is mainly identified with the chemical and aerospace industry.
Chemical
The chemical industry, in its various forms (food processing, energy, and pharmaceutical) is highly developed in the territory of Brindisi. The Federchimica association recognizes Brindisi as an industrial chemical center.
The various establishments of
are placed in the petrochemical complex of Brindisi, on the outskirts of the city, overlooking the Adriatic Sea.Energy production
Brindisi is a leader in the production of electricity in Italy.
Aviation
The Alenia Aeronautica plants (specialized in the modification of aircraft from passenger configuration to cargo) are located in Brindisi. Avio (center for military engines) and Agusta (production of helicopter metal structures) are also located there.
Tourism
The city preserves important archaeological finds and coastline, particularly the north coast, where there are many large sand dunes and beaches. Inland agritourism, displays wine (Wine Appia) or olive oil (Collina di Brindisi oil). Brindisi Tourism, however, remains heavily dependent on the Italian tourists (74%, compared with 26% of foreign demand) and is very seasonal.
Infrastructure and transport
Roads
The main roads are represented by
- Bari-Lecce expressway, connecting with Brindisi, Lecce, with Bari and the A14.
- Adriatica SS 16 is the Brindisi bypass connecting the city to San Vito dei Normanni and Lecce * Brindisi-Taranto Brindisi with Taranto.
Railways
Rail transport is provided through
Seaport
The port of Brindisi has always been at the center of trade with Greece. It is one of the most important commercial and industrial seaports on the Adriatic Sea. The trade is mostly in coal, fuel oil, natural gas, and chemicals. The port consists of three parts:
- The Outer Harbour: the limits of which are in the southern mainland, east of the Pedagne islands and west of the island from the pier in Costa
- The port is formed by the average area of sea that is before the Pigott Channel, access to the inner harbor, the basin to the north as the Strait of Apulia.
- The inner harbor is formed by two long wings that touch the heart of Brindisi both the north and east, they are the "bosom of the west" and "within the east."
International airport
Brindisi is home to Papola-Casale Airport located 6 kilometres (4 miles) outside the city's center. The airport of Brindisi has daily connections with major Italian and European cities. The airport serves the entire province of Brindisi and partly that of Taranto. In 2017, a total of 2,321,147 passengers passed through. It has two runways, one northwest to southeast that is 3,330 metres (10,930 ft) long, and the other northeast to southwest that is 1,950 metres (6,400 ft) long. Their characteristics allow the landing of large transport aircraft such as the
This airport was originally established as a military airbase in the 1920s. As of 2008 it has officially changed its legal status into civilian airport, still maintaining the military facilities attached to it. These are identified as "Military Airport
The strategic position of the airport in the Mediterranean region, along with its natural potential for multi-modal (the port is a few kilometers away) operations, have made it a base of crucial importance for both national defense and NATO. For the same strategic reasons, in 1994 the airport was chosen as the main worldwide logistics base by the United Nations to support its peacekeeping and peace enforcement operations around the globe, which was since then hosted in Pisa Military Airport "San Giusto". In 2000, also the United Nations humanitarian supply depot moved from Pisa to Brindisi. It has since then been managed by the World Food Programme and officially known as the United Nations Humanitarian Response Depot (UNHRD). On behalf of governments, other UN agencies and NGOs, from UNHRD Brindisi humanitarian aid is directed to the most remote and devastated regions around the world.
Public transport
The Public Transport Company of Brindisi provides public transport in the city, and is the link with the other municipalities in the province. Moreover, the company provides transport service by sea into inland waters of the port of Brindisi. Brindisi is also a major ferry port, with routes to Greece and elsewhere.[31]
Government
Consulates
Brindisi is home to the following consulates:
- Denmark
- France
- Honorary Consulate of Greece
- Netherlands
Sports
Association football
Basketball
The main basketball team in the city and in the wider region of Apulia is New Basket Brindisi, which has played for basketball championships in the top of A1 championships in League 2. Their colours are the same as that of all sports associations in the city, white and blue. The club plays their home games in the sports hall "Elio Pentassuglia".
Other clubs
- NAFTA rugby Brindisi (C1)
- Aces Amateur Volleyball 2006 (series B1 female).
Sports venues
- Franco Fanuzzi Stadium: Municipal Stadium
- PalaPentassuglia: sports hall
- PalaMelfi: sports hall
- Brindisi Tennis Club
- St. Elias Sports Centre: rugby, sports hall, tennis court
International relations
This section needs additional citations for verification. (July 2016) |
Twin towns – sister cities
Brindisi is
- Lushnje, Albania
- Patras, Greece
- Corfu, Greece[32]
- Amasya, Turkey
- Charlotte, United States of America
Notes
- romanized: Brentésion; Messapic: Brunda.
References
- Notes
- ^ "Superficie di Comuni Province e Regioni italiane al 9 ottobre 2011". Italian National Institute of Statistics. Retrieved 16 March 2019.
- ^ "Popolazione Residente al 1° Gennaio 2018". Italian National Institute of Statistics. Retrieved 16 March 2019.
- ^ "Brindisi". The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (5th ed.). HarperCollins. Retrieved 30 May 2019.
- ^ "Brindisi". Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary. Retrieved 30 May 2019.
- ^ Alessio, Giovanni (1955). Sul nome di Brindisi. Archivio Storico Pugliese VIII (3): 211–238.
- ISBN 9783110815931
- ^ Strabo, 6,3,6.
- ^ "Brundisium (Brindisi) Puglia, Italy". Perseus Digital Library. Retrieved 19 April 2006.
- ^ Documento sulle nozze di Isabella di Brienne
- ^ Documento sulla VI Crociata partita da Brindisi
- ^ a b Ashby, Thomas (1911). Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 572. . In
- ^ "Kosovo Force: San Marco". KFOR Chronicle. Retrieved 19 April 2006.
- ^ "Bomb kills girl outside school in Brindisi, Italy". BBC. 19 May 2012. Retrieved 31 December 2019.
- ^ "Bomba a Brindisi". La Repubblica. 19 May 2012. Retrieved 31 December 2019.
- ^ Spizzico Michele, Nicola Lopez, Donato Sciannamblo, Roccaldo Tinelli. "The Plains of Brindisi: phenomena of interaction between groundwater aquifers in the area." From the "Journal of Applied Geology 3" 2006.
- ^ "Brindisi Climate Normals 1991-2020". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from the original on 17 September 2023. Retrieved 18 September 2023.
- ^ "Brindisi Casale" (in Italian). Temperature estreme in Toscana. Archived from the original on 17 September 2023. Retrieved 18 September 2023.
- ^ Immigrazione albanese sulla stampa quotidiana
- ^ a b c Statistiche ISTAT – La presenza straniera a Brindisi al 31 dicembre 2008
- ^ A. Calabrese, The sentential complementation of salentino: a study of a language without infinitival clauses, 1993.
- ^ L'arcidiocesi di Brindisi-Ostuni
- ISBN 978-88-6809-355-6. Retrieved 20 January 2024.
- ^ a b c d e Alessio, Giovanni (1955). Sul nome di Brindisi
- ^ Fernando Giannini in "Tre Violini".
- ^ a b c d Giacomo Carito, Brindisi. Nuova guida, Brindisi, 1994.
- ^ Il sito della Biblioteca arcivescovile Annibale De Leo
- ^ "FLAVIA PENNETTA UP TO WORLD NO. 6=WTATENNIS.COM". 28 September 2015. Retrieved 28 September 2015.
- ^ Il sito dell'emittente Radio Dara
- ^ a b c d e f g Rosario Jurlaro, Storia e cultura dei monumenti brindisini, Brindisi, 1976.
- ISBN 1-55297-720-X
- ^ "Greek ferries to Greece and the Greek islands". Greek Ferries Club. Retrieved 19 April 2006.
- ^ "Corfu's Twin Cities". allcorfu.com. Retrieved 25 February 2010.
Bibliography
External links
- Official website
- Travel in Brindisi (archived 11 March 2007)
- Ferries from/to Brindisi