British comedy
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Throughout film, television, and radio, British comedy has become known for its consistently peculiar characters, plots, and settings, and has produced some of the most renowned comedians and characters in the world.
History
"[Pulcinella] went down particularly well with
Puritanism. We soon changed Punch's name, transformed him from a marionette to a hand puppet, and he became, really, a spirit of Britain - a subversive maverick who defies authority, a kind of puppet equivalent to our political cartoons."
—Punch and Judy showman Glyn Edwards.[1]
British
In early 19th century England, pantomime acquired its present form which includes slapstick comedy and featured the first mainstream clown Joseph Grimaldi, while comedy routines also featured heavily in British music hall theatre which became popular in the 1850s.[5][6] British comedians who honed their skills at pantomime and music hall sketches include Charlie Chaplin, Stan Laurel, George Formby and Dan Leno.[7][8] The influential English music hall comedian and theatre impresario Fred Karno developed a form of sketch comedy without dialogue in the 1890s, and Chaplin and Laurel were among the young comedians who worked for him as part of "Fred Karno's Army".[7]
Film comedy
See British comedy films (Cinema of the United Kingdom).
Radio
Radio comedy in Britain has been almost exclusively the preserve of the BBC, and a number of British radio comedies achieved considerable renown in the second half of the 20th century.
In the 1940s and 1950s,
Another notable radio show was the double entendre-laden Round the Horne (1965–1968), a sequel to the earlier series Beyond Our Ken, which ran from 1959 to 1964. I'm Sorry, I'll Read That Again (1964-1973) gained a devoted youth following in the late 1960s.
Later radio shows made use of the panel game format, including the long-running Just a Minute (1967–), I'm Sorry I Haven't a Clue (1972–) and The News Quiz (1977–), which often broadcast a dozen of so episodes a year, normally split over two series broadcast at different points in the year. The success of the panel show format has in turn has influenced TV series like Have I Got News for You (1990–), They Think It's All Over (1995–2006) and Mock the Week (2005–).
BBC Radio has continued to be a breeding ground for new talent and many programmes have transferred successfully to television, including
Television
Although many popular shows of recent years began life on BBC Radio, there have been many successful and influential series which were designed purely for TV. In contrast to their US counterparts, which have seasons of up to 26 episodes a year, British sit-coms traditionally have series of just 6 episodes. The main reason for this is that British shows are generally written by one or two dedicated writers - often the people that created the show in the first place - as opposed to the US model of having a larger writing team. In part, this is a reflection of the difference between the size of the TV audience in the two countries, and the economics of television production; for decades sit-coms were the shows on US television that delivered the highest ratings; in Britain the highest ratings figures were normally for soap operas, which generally run several times a week, year-in year-out, and as a result generally required larger writing teams.
Following the success of Hancock's Half Hour and Steptoe and Son, the sitcom became firmly entrenched in the television schedules. Some of the most successful examples include Dad's Army, Absolutely Fabulous, and Red Dwarf.
The
Other formats have also been popular, with sketch shows, stand-up comedy,
The most notable
One of the most influential groups in comedy is
Other notable sketch-based series include A Bit of Fry & Laurie, Morecambe and Wise, The Two Ronnies, The Goodies, French and Saunders, The Catherine Tate Show, and The Fast Show.
In the 1980s, alternative comedy was spearheaded by Ben Elton and The Comic Strip group which included Alexei Sayle, Rik Mayall, and French and Saunders.
Vic Reeves Big Night Out influenced the style of a whole new generation of comics in the 1990s until the present day.[10]
The 1990s and 2000s also saw the rise of a new set of British comedians who made innovative contributions mainly in the form of sitcoms. Shows such as have revolved around these series.
See also
- British Comedy Guide
- List of British comedians
- British Comedy Awards
- British humour
- British sitcom
- List of U.K. game shows
- List of BBC sitcoms
References
- ^ a b "Punch and Judy around the world". The Telegraph. 11 June 2015.
- ^ "Mr Punch celebrates 350 years of puppet anarchy". BBC. 11 June 2015.
- ISBN 9780838619018.
- ^ a b "Satire, sewers and statesmen: why James Gillray was king of the cartoon". The Guardian. 18 June 2015.
- ^ David Christopher (2002). "British Culture: An Introduction". p. 74. Routledge,
- ^ Jeffrey Richards (2014). "The Golden Age of Pantomime: Slapstick, Spectacle and Subversion in Victorian England". I.B.Tauris,
- ^ a b McCabe, John. "Comedy World of Stan Laurel". p. 143. London: Robson Books, 2005, First edition 1975
- ^ "Enjoy Cumbria – Stan Laurel". BBC. Retrieved 2 January 2015
- ^ "Spitting Image". The Guardian. Retrieved 2 February 2015
- ^ BBC – BBC THREE – Listings[permanent dead link]
Further reading
- Quirk, Sophie (2018), The Politics of British Stand-up Comedy: The New Alternative, Palgrave Macmillan, ISBN 978-3-030-01104-8