Bromethalin

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Bromethalin
Names
Preferred IUPAC name
N-Methyl-2,4-dinitro-N-(2,4,6-tribromophenyl)-6-(trifluoromethyl)aniline
Other names
2,4,6-Tribromo-N-[2,4-dinitro-6-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-N-methylaniline
Identifiers
3D model (
JSmol
)
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard
 100.109.042 Edit this at Wikidata
KEGG
UNII
  • InChI=1S/C14H7Br3F3N3O4/c1-21(13-9(16)2-6(15)3-10(13)17)12-8(14(18,19)20)4-7(22(24)25)5-11(12)23(26)27/h2-5H,1H3 checkY
    Key: USMZPYXTVKAYST-UHFFFAOYSA-N checkY
  • InChI=1/C14H7Br3F3N3O4/c1-21(13-9(16)2-6(15)3-10(13)17)12-8(14(18,19)20)4-7(22(24)25)5-11(12)23(26)27/h2-5H,1H3
    Key: USMZPYXTVKAYST-UHFFFAOYAX
  • Brc2cc(Br)cc(Br)c2N(c1c([N+]([O-])=O)cc([N+]([O-])=O)cc1C(F)(F)F)C
Properties
C14H7Br3F3N3O4
Molar mass 577.93 g/mol
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
☒N verify (what is checkY☒N ?)

Bromethalin is a neurotoxic rodenticide that damages the central nervous system.[1]

History

Bromethalin was discovered in the early 1980s through an approach to find replacement rodenticides for first-generation anticoagulants, especially to be useful against rodents that had become resistant to

benzeneamine— was the outcome of that study, as the specific formulation had both desired rodenticidal properties.[1]

Mechanism of action

Bromethalin works by being metabolised to n-desmethyl-bromethalin and uncoupling

neuronal axons. This damage to the central nervous system can cause paralysis, convulsions, and death.[1][2][full citation needed
]

Risk of poisoning to humans and pets

Despite risk of severe symptoms and death, most unintentional pediatric exploratory exposures (licking or tasting a pellet) have not shown serious effects, and no deaths have been reported at this time in children, though toxicity is possible if significant amounts are ingested.[3] Due to need for active metabolite generation to produce toxicity, fatal toxicity may be delayed by hours to days.[4] All cases should be managed in consultation with a local poison control center. All intentional ingestions for self harm carry significant risk of death or severe neurologic effects and require monitoring in a hospital setting.[3]

In humans the most common initial effects of unintentional exposure are nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea, though delayed seizures have been reported.[3] No antidote for bromethalin is known; care is symptomatic and supportive.

In pets, signs to watch for include severe muscle tremors, hyperexcitability, fits, extreme sensitivity to being touched (hyperesthesia) and seizures that appear to be caused by light or noise.[5] Owners of animals that have eaten bromethalin accidentally should seek immediate veterinary attention and be decontaminated. Contacting an animal poison control center can help ensure that timely and appropriate therapy is started.[citation needed]

References

  1. ^
    ISBN 0-8412-0852-2
    .
  2. ^ Bromethalin, Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Spring 1997 Newsletter
  3. ^
    PMID 30892957
    .
  4. S2CID 33324699
    .
  5. PMID 23796484
    .
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