Brooklyn College
President Michelle Anderson | | |
Provost | April Bedford, Interim | |
---|---|---|
Academic staff | 534 full-time, 878 part-time (2018)[1] | |
Students | 17,811 (2019)[1] | |
Undergraduates | 14,970 (2019)[1] | |
Postgraduates | 2,841 (2019)[1] | |
Location | , , United States 40°37′52″N 73°57′9″W / 40.63111°N 73.95250°W | |
Campus | Urban, 35 acres (14 ha)[1] | |
Colors | Maroon, gold, & grey[3] | |
Nickname | Bulldogs | |
Sporting affiliations | ||
Mascot | Buster the Bulldog | |
Website | www | |
Brooklyn College is a public university in Brooklyn in New York City, United States. It is part of the City University of New York system and enrolls over 17,000 undergraduate and over 2,800 graduate students on a 35-acre campus as of 2019.
Being New York City's first public coeducational liberal arts college, it was formed in 1930 by the merger of the Brooklyn branches of Hunter College, then a women's college, and of the City College of New York, then a men's college, both established in 1926. Initially tuition-free, Brooklyn College suffered from the New York City government's near-bankruptcy in 1975, when the college closed its campus in downtown Brooklyn. During 1976, with its Midwood campus intact and now its only campus, Brooklyn College charged tuition for the first time.
Prominent alumni of Brooklyn College include US senators, federal judges, US financial chairmen, Olympians, CEOs, and recipients of
College history
Early decades
Brooklyn College was founded in 1930.
In 1932,
The land was bought for $1.6 million ($35,700,000 today),
During the tenure of its second president, Harry Gideonse, from 1939 to 1966, Brooklyn College ranked high nationally in number of alumni with doctorate degrees.[23][24] As academics fled Nazi Germany, nearly a third of refugee historians who were female would at some point work at Brooklyn College.[8] In 1944, sociologist Marion Vera Cuthbert became the first permanent black faculty member appointed at any of the New York municipal colleges.[25] And in 1956, with John Hope Franklin joining, Brooklyn College became the first "white" college to hire on a permanent basis a historian who was black.[26]
In 1959, still tuition-free, about 8,000 undergraduates were enrolled.[27] In 1962, the college joined six other colleges to form the City University of New York, creating the world's second-largest university.[28] In 1983, Brooklyn College named its library the Harry D. Gideonse Library.[23][29]
Nevertheless, Gideonse remains a controversial figure in the college's history; as one account noted, he is "either lauded as a hero and great educator in hagiographic accounts . . . or decried by faculty and alumni as an autocrat who stifled academic freedom and students' rights."[30][31]
In addition to his curricular and student life reforms, Gideonse was known for his decades-long campaign to ferret out Communists among the college community and his testimony before congressional and state investigating committees during the Second Red Scare.[32][33][34][35][36]
On the other hand, perhaps retaining the memory of the time when, as a University of Chicago professor, he was unjustly accused of being a Communist and advocating "free love,"[37] Gideonse also attacked those who, without evidence, charged faculty, staff and students with being subversives and defended faculty free speech rights against outside critics.[38][39][40][41]
The college's third president, Francis Kilcoyne, served from 1966 to 1967.[42] The fourth president, Harold Syrett, resigned due to ill health in February 1969, when George A. Peck was named acting president.[43][44] John Kneller, Brooklyn College's fifth president, served from 1969 until 1979.[45][46][47] These presidents served during what were perhaps the most tumultuous years for Brooklyn College.
During the Vietnam War, as they did on other U.S. campuses, student protests rocked Brooklyn College. President Gideonse, in a 1965 television interview, blamed demonstrations on Communists who were "duping the innocents" into demanding more freedom on campus,[48] leading the New York Civil Liberties Union to criticize Gideonse for "his efforts to smear student groups at the college with the Communist label."[49]
Also in 1965, student protests forced the Gideonse administration to rescind new, stricter dress rules that forbade male students from wearing dungarees or sweatshirts on campus at any time and mandated that female students wear skirts and blouses even in extremely cold weather.[50] After Gideonse's retirement in June 1966,[51] a newly-appointed dean of administration, Dante Negro, said he was not bothered by the students' more casual dress "that makes it hard to distinguish between the sexes," calling it "a passing fad."[52]
On October 21, 1967, a front-page story in
Around the same time, the college's students were involved in campus protests involving racial issues. In May 1968, Brooklyn College news again made the front page of The New York Times when police broke up a 16-hour sit-in at the registrar's office to demand that more Black and Puerto Rican students be admitted to the school.[57] At trial, a Black Brooklyn judge reacted angrily when one student said they had been reacting to racism and sentenced him and 32 other white students to five days in jail for the sit-in.[58] In May 1969, 19 or 20 Brooklyn College students faced criminal charges in connection with campus disorders during the spring semester, including raids in which students allegedly ransacked files and smoke-bombed the library.[59][60][61]
In late April 1970, students demanding more open admissions and racial diversity staged a sit-in at President Kneller's office, holding him and five deans there for several hours.
In October 1974, 200 Hispanic students took over the registrar's office to protest President Kneller's appointment of a chair of the Puerto Rican Studies Department different from that of the person selected by a faculty search committee.[69] Defying a judge's temporary court order to leave the building, the protesters were supported at a rallies outside Boylan Hall by many student groups and the alumni association, but Kneller refused to rescind his controversial appointment.[70][71] Protests flared up again in the spring 1975 semester with another takeover of the registrar's office.[72] By January 1976, the college's faculty union voted "no confidence" in Kneller, charging that he "consistently ignored faculty rights" and failed to provide leadership.[73]
Brooklyn College, along with the rest of CUNY, shut down for two weeks in May and June 1976 as the university was unable to pay its bills.[74] Amid New York City's financial crisis, near bankruptcy, Brooklyn College's campus in downtown Brooklyn closed, leaving the Midwood campus as the Brooklyn College's only campus.[75] In the fall of 1976, with some 30,000 undergraduates enrolled, the college charged tuition for the first time.[27]
In January 1978, the college's Faculty Council approved a vote of "no confidence" in President Kneller on Wednesday and recommended to the Board of Higher Education that he be replaced.[76]
Brooklyn College's sixth president was Robert Hess, who served from 1979 to 1992.[77][78][79][80] Hess initiated major changes in the college curriculum, mandating a standard core for all students.[81][82] Implementation of the new curriculum was aided by a large grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities.[83] By 1984, in a national report's otherwise gloomy assessment of humanities education, Brooklyn College was singled out as "a bright spot" among American universities for stressing the study of the humanities.[84]
In a 1988 survey of thousands of American college deans, Brooklyn College ranked 5th in providing students with a strong general education, and was the only public institution among the top five.[78][79] As of 1989, Brooklyn College ranked 11th in the US, and ahead of six of the eight Ivy League universities, by number of graduates who had acquired doctoral degrees.[85] At Brooklyn College being called “the poor man’s Harvard,” President Hess quipped, “I like to think of Harvard as the rich man’s Brooklyn College.”[86]
Even as Brooklyn College rebounded academically, it suffered a severe budget crunch in the 1988-1989 school year due to reductions in state financing; this resulted in fewer courses, larger classes, no new faculty and staff hirings, supply shortages, and deferral of maintenance of buildings and grounds.[87]
Vernon Lattin was the seventh president of Brooklyn College, from 1992 to 2000.[88][89][90][91][92] During Lattin's tenure, Brooklyn College began a complete overhaul of campus buildings[93] and vastly improved computer and Internet access for students and faculty.[94][95] The college returned to intercollegiate sports competition[96] and the college chess team won U.S. and international championships.[97][98] Lattin was also president at the time of the first individual million-dollar donation to the Brooklyn College Foundation.[99]
Modern history
Brooklyn College's campus leafy East Quad looks much like it did when it was originally constructed.[4] The campus also serves as home to BCBC/ Brooklyn College Presents complex and its four theaters, including the George Gershwin.
Gershwin Hall was demolished and replaced by The Leonard & Claire Tow Center for the Performing Arts, for which ground was broken in 2011.
This followed a major $70 million library renovation completed in 2003 that saw the library moved to a temporary home while construction took place.[4] The Brooklyn College library is now located in its original location in a completely renovated and expanded LaGuardia Hall.
From 2000 to 2009 when he retired,
Karen L. Gould was named the ninth president of Brooklyn College in 2009.[106] Among her accomplishments were creating a new graduate film school and four new academic schools, new athletic fields, and increasing enrollment in the sciences.[107] Her tenure was marked by repeated free speech controversies involving Israel that drew both criticism and praise.[108][109][110][111][112][113][114] After 42 years in higher education, Gould announced her retirement in 2015.[115]
Michelle Anderson became the 10th President of Brooklyn College in 2016.[116] In 2016, Brooklyn College announced a new home for the Koppelman School of Business, with the planned construction of a new building, Koppelman Hall, on property adjacent to the 26-acre campus bought in 2011. This increased the campus size to 35 acres.[117]
For four straight years, starting in 2018, U.S. News & World Report named Brooklyn College the most ethnically diverse college in the North Region.[118]
Schools
Brooklyn College has five schools:
- Murray Koppelman School of Business
- School of Education
- School of Humanities and Social Sciences
- School of Natural and Behavioral Sciences
- School of Visual, Media, and Performing Arts
Academics
Undergraduate curriculum
Beginning in 1981, the college instituted a group of classes that all undergraduates were required to take, called "Core Studies".[11] The classes were: Classical Origins of Western Culture, Introduction to Art, Introduction to Music, People, Power, and Politics, The Shaping of the Modern World, Introduction to Mathematical Reasoning and Computer Programming, Landmarks of Literature, Chemistry, Physics, Biology, Geology, Studies in African, Asian, and Latin American Cultures, and Knowledge, Existence and Values.[119]
In 2006, the Core Curriculum was revamped, and the 13 required courses were replaced with 15 courses in 3 disciplines, from which students were required to take 11.[120] In the fall of 2013, Brooklyn College embarked on CUNY's new general education alternative, the Pathways curriculum, consisting of three components: Required Core (four courses), Flexible Core (six courses) and College Option (four courses)—totaling 42 credits.[121] Brooklyn College offers over a hundred majors varying from the visual arts to Women's Studies.[122]
Division of Graduate Studies
The Division of Graduate Studies at Brooklyn College was established in 1935 and offers more than seventy programs in the arts, education, humanities, sciences, and computer and social sciences. Among those programs is the Graduate theatre program, which is the top ranked in the CUNY system and 14th in the United States; faculty include
B.A.–M.D. program
The Brooklyn College
The Scholars Program
The Scholars Program is home to a small number of students with strong writing ability and academic record. Being the oldest honors program in the
Coordinated Engineering Program
The Coordinated Honors Engineering Program offers a course of study equivalent to the first two years at any engineering school. Students who maintain the required academic level are guaranteed transfer to one of the three coordinating schools—
Feirstein Graduate School of Cinema
Barry R. Feirstein Graduate School of Cinema is the first public graduate film school in New York City. It is the only film school in America to have its own classroom on a film lot with the collaboration of Steiner Studios, the largest soundstage on the East Coast. The program offers a two-year M.A. in Cinema Studies, a two-year M.F.A. in Cinema Arts in the discipline of Producing, and a three-year M.F.A in Cinema Arts with five disciplines of Cinematography, Directing, Post-production, Screenwriting, and Digital Arts and Visual Effects. The school opened in the fall of 2015. The first graduating class was in Spring 2018.
Rankings
Forbes[130] | 362 | |
---|---|---|
WSJ / College Pulse[131] | 358 |
U.S. News & World Report ranked the school tied for 62nd overall as a Regional college (North region), 6th in "Top Performers on Social Mobility", 15th in "Top Public Schools", and tied for 33rd in "Best Colleges for Veterans" for 2021.[132]
Athletics
Brooklyn College athletic teams are nicknamed as the Bulldogs. The college is a member at the Division III level of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA); primarily competing in the City University of New York Athletic Conference (CUNYAC) since the 1996–97 academic year (which they also competed in a previous stint from 1978–79 to 1979–80). The Bulldogs previously competed in the East Coast Conference at the Division I level during the 1991–92 academic year.
Men's sports include basketball, cheerleading, cross country, soccer, swimming & diving, tennis and volleyball; while women's sports include basketball, cheerleading, cross country, soccer, softball, swimming & diving, tennis and volleyball. The football field was used for the outdoor scenes in the 1978 adult film Debbie Does Dallas.[133]
Mascot
In 2010, Brooklyn College adopted the Bulldog as its new mascot.[134] The athletic program was originally known as the Kingsmen. In 1994, the mascot was changed to the Bridges. However, after the school built new facilities and underwent other changes the athletic director pushed for a new name to reflect the new program.[135]
Notable people
Notable alumni
-
Vermont Senator Bernie Sanders (1959–1960)
-
California Senator and Representative Barbara Boxer (B.A. 1962)
-
Shirley Chisholm, first black woman elected to US Congress (B.A. 1946)
-
Biochemist and Nobel Laureate Stanley Cohen (B.A. 1943)
-
Alan Dershowitz, attorney and law professor (B.A. 1959)
-
Tony Award–winning director, writer, and actor (1946)
-
James Franco, actor (M.F.A.)
-
Social psychologist Philip Zimbardo (B.A. 1954)
-
Emmy Awardwinning CNN News anchor and journalist (B.A. 1996)
Notable alumni of Brooklyn College in government include Senator
Notable alumni in business include
Notable alumni in the sciences and academia include
Notable alumni in the arts include
Other notable alumni include Olympic fencers Ralph Goldstein and Nikki Franke (B.S. 1972), chess grandmaster and five-time U.S. champion Gata Kamsky (B.A. 1999), Jewish Defense League founder Meir Kahane (B.A. 1954), and civil rights activist Al Sharpton (1975).
Notable faculty
- F. Murray Abraham (born 1939), actor of stage and screen; professor of theater, winner of the Academy Award for Best Actor
- Vito Acconci, designer, landscape architect, performance and installation artist
- Dorothy Inez Adams (1904-1967), anthropologist
- Eric Alterman (born 1960), liberal journalist
- Lennart Anderson, figurative painter
- The Human Condition(1958)
- American Gestalt psychologist and pioneer in social psychology
- John Ashbery (1927–2017), poet, Pulitzer Prize for Poetry winner; tenured faculty member from c. 1972 to 1986
- Robert Beauchamp, painter[138]
- Sephardicstudies and Professor of Spanish and Sephardic Studies
- William Boylan (1869–1940), first President of Brooklyn College
- Edwin G. Burrows (1943–2018), historian; Pulitzer Prize for History winner for co-writing Gotham: A History of New York City to 1898 with Mike Wallace
- Frances Sergeant Childs, historian; one of the college's founding faculty members
- Pulitzer Prize for Biography or Autobiography, President of Wellesley College
- Michael Cunningham (born 1952), novelist; winner of Pulitzer Prize for Fiction and PEN/Faulkner Award for The Hours
- EuroleagueChampionship
- Lois Dodd (born 1927), painter
- Charles Dodge (born 1942), composer, founder of the Center for Computer Music
- Alphonsus J. Donlon, President of Georgetown University
- Encyclopedia of Philosophy
- John Hope Franklin, historian of the US, former Chairman of the History Department, president of Phi Beta Kappa, and recipient of the Presidential Medal of Freedom
- Jack Gelber, playwright and theater director; taught at Brooklyn College 1972–2003
- MacArthur Fellowship and later moved to Bard College)
- University of Illinois
- Ralph Goldstein (1913–1997), Olympic épée fencer[139]
- Joel Glucksman (born 1949), Olympic saber fencer
- Maxine Greene (née Meyer), William F. Russell Professor in the Foundations of Education at Teachers College, Columbia University
- David Grubbs (born 1967), musician, composer, recording artist
- Carey Harrison (born 1944), novelist/dramatist
- Amy Hempel (born 1951), short story writer, journalist, and coordinator of the MFA Fiction-Writing Program
- Seymour L. Hess, meteorologist and planetary scientist
- Shintaro Higashi, 6th degree black belt in judo, 2007 and 2011 USA Judo Senior National Champion
- Agnieszka Holland (born 1948), film director, best known for Europa Europa (1992)
- Carl Holty, painter
- Karen Brooks Hopkins, President of the Brooklyn Academy of Music
- US Libertarian Party; professor 1956–66
- Paul Jacobs, classical pianist; specialist in modern music
- KC Johnson, professor of American history
- Constituent Assembly of Namibia
- Béla Király (1912–2009), professor emeritus, former Hungarian general taught military history and central European history
- Wayne Universityand Brooklyn College
- Tania León, Cuban-born composer and conductor, Pulitzer Prize for Music winner
- Don Lemon, CNN anchor and journalist
- Ben Lerner, poet and writer
- Ira N. Levine (1937–2015), author and professor in the Chemistry Department
- Abraham Maslow, psychologist in the school of humanistic psychology, best known for his theory of human motivation which led to a therapeutic technique known as self-actualization; taught 1937–1951
- Wilson Carey McWilliams, political scientist, author of The Idea of Fraternity in America (1973, University of California Press), for which he won the National Historical Society prize in 1974
- Denise O'Connor (born 1935), Olympic foil fencer
- American Studies, William Powell Mason Professor at Harvard University
- Ursula Oppens, pianist, co-founded the contemporary music ensemble Speculum Musicae, Conservatory of Music
- Realismnudes
- Itzhak Perlman, violinist, Conservatory of Music
- Roman Popadiuk, US Ambassador to Ukraine
- Tubby Raskin (1902–1981), basketball player and coach
- Senior Judge of the District of Columbia Court of Appeals
- abstract expressionistpainter
- Susan Fromberg Schaeffer, novelist and Broeklundian Professor of English
- Albert Schatz, microbiologist, co-discoverer of streptomycin
- William Schimmel, composer
- New York City Parks Department
- Mabel Murphy Smythe-Haith, Ambassador for the United States to Cameroon and later Equatorial Guinea
- Stephen Solarz, US Congressional Representative from New York
- Eileen Southern, musicologist, researcher, author, and teacher
- Mark Strand, United States Poet Laureate, Pulitzer Prize for Poetry–winning poet, essayist, and translator
- Glenn Thrush, Politico senior writer, author
- Hans L. Trefousse, Distinguished Emeritus Professor of History; taught 1946–1998, historian and author[140]
- Jennifer McCoy, Patricia Cronin, artists (1950s to present)
- Touro College
- Carleton Washburne, Director of Teacher Education, known for his progressive education works
- Mac Wellman, Obie Award–winning playwright, author, and poet
- Holocaust survivor
- C. K. Williams, poet, won the Pulitzer Prize for Poetry
- Ethyle R. Wolfe, professor from 1947 to 1989, created the Ethyle R. Wolfe Humanities Institute at the college.[141][142]
- Theresa Wolfson, Professor of Labor Economics, won the John Dewey Award of the League for Industrial Democracy[143][144]
- Fat Albert
-
Dr. Ruth
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