Brown House, Munich
Brown House | |
---|---|
Braunes Haus | |
Brienner Straße, Munich | |
Completed | 1828 |
Renovated | 1930 |
Destroyed | 1943 |
Owner | Nazi Party |
Design and construction | |
Architect(s) | Jean Baptiste Métivier |
Renovating team | |
Architect(s) | Paul Troost |
The Brown House (
History
In 1920, the
A large impressive stone structure, the building that would later be the
Acquiring the Brown House in Munich pleased Hitler, as operating from such a stately building helped provide the Nazi Party with an "image of respectability."
Hitler kept a life-size portrait of Henry Ford next to his desk at the Brown House office, as Ford and Hitler admired each other's achievements.[14] Overlooking the Königplatz, Hitler's office also contained a bust of Benito Mussolini and a painting of Frederick the Great.[15][a] Also stored in the Brown House was the so-called Blutfahne ("blood flag" or "blood banner"). This was the NSDAP flag that had been carried at the head of the demonstration during the Beer Hall Putsch of November 1923, during which Munich police opened fire on the marchers; the flag was spattered with the blood of the wounded and became a sacred relic of the Nazi Party.[17]
During its period of operation as an HQ for the Nazi Party, the building was heavily guarded and shrouded in secrecy. Since the authorities sometimes carted arrested people into the Brown House for interrogation, the structure also acquired the nickname, the "Denuntiatur", which was a pun combining the "act of denunciation" and the papal
The Brown House was largely destroyed by an Allied bombing raid in October 1943 and the rubble was cleared away.[19]
In December 2005, the government of Bavaria announced that the site would become the home of the Munich Documentation Centre for the History of National Socialism (NS-Dokumentationszentrum). The building has since been completed and is open to the public.[20]
See also
- Münchner Haus der Kulturinstitute
- Munich Central Collecting Point
- Zentralinstitut für Kunstgeschichte
References
Informational notes
Citations
- ^ Snyder 1976, p. 41.
- ^ NS-Dokumentationszentrum München 2017.
- ^ Heusler 2008, pp. 136–137.
- ^ Read 2005, p. 177.
- ^ Heiden 2002, p. 283.
- ^ Zentner & Bedürftig 1991, p. 116.
- ^ Orlow 2010, p. 131.
- ^ Shirer 1990, p. 121.
- ^ Friedrich 2012, p. 224.
- ^ Kershaw 2000, p. 328.
- ^ Grunberger 1993, p. 16.
- ^ Read 2005, pp. 177–178.
- ^ Taylor & Shaw 1997, p. 51.
- ^ Dobbs 1998.
- ^ Toland 1976, p. 247.
- ^ Kershaw 2000, p. 343.
- ^ Schäfer 2006.
- ^ Rosenfeld 2000, p. 99.
- ^ Kammer & Bartsch 2002, p. 49.
- ^ Landeshauptstadt München 2015.
Bibliography
- Dobbs, Michael (1998). "Ford and GM Scrutinized for Alleged Nazi Collaboration". Washington Post.
- Friedrich, Thomas (2012). Hitler's Berlin: Abused City. New Haven and London: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-30016-670-5.
- Grunberger, Richard (1993). Hitler's SS. New York: Dorset Press. ISBN 978-1-56619-152-4.
- Heiden, Konrad (2002) [1944]. The Führer. Edison, NJ: Castle Books. ISBN 978-078581-551-8.
- Heusler, Andreas (2008). Das Braune Haus: Wie München zur "Hauptstadt der Bewegung" Wurde (in German). Munich: Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt. ISBN 978-3421043528.
- Kammer, Hilde; Bartsch, Elisabet (2002). Lexikon Nationalsozialismus: Begriffe, Organisationen und Institutionen (in German). Reinbek bei Hamburg: Rowohlt Taschenbuch Verlag. ISBN 978-3-49960-795-0.
- Kershaw, Ian (2000). Hitler: 1889–1936, Hubris. New York: W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 978-0-39332-035-0.
- Landeshauptstadt München (2015). "NS-Dokumentationszentrum München: Lern- und Erinnerungsort zur Geschichte des Nationalsozialismus" (PDF) (in German). Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 January 2020. Retrieved 4 July 2017.
- NS-Dokumentationszentrum München (2017). "Das "Braune Haus" am Königsplatz" (in German). Archived from the original on 24 October 2019. Retrieved 4 July 2017.
- Orlow, Dietrich (2010). The Nazi Party 1919–1945: A Complete History. New York: Enigma Books. ISBN 978-1-92963-157-5.
- Read, Anthony (2005). The Devil's Disciples: Hitler's Inner Circle. New York: Norton. ISBN 978-039332-697-0.
- Rosenfeld, Gavriel D. (2000). Munich and Memory: Architecture, Monuments, and the Legacy of the Third Reich. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-52021-910-6.
- Schäfer, Bernhard (2006). "Blutfahne der NSDAP". Historisches Lexikon Bayerns (in German). Retrieved 4 July 2017.
- Shirer, William (1990). The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich. New York: MJF Books. ISBN 978-1-56731-163-1.
- Snyder, Louis L (1976). Encyclopedia of the Third Reich. London: Robert Hale. ISBN 978-1-56924-917-8.
- Taylor, James; Shaw, Warren (1997). The Penguin Dictionary of the Third Reich. New York: Penguin Reference. ISBN 978-0-14051-389-9.
- Toland, John (1976). Adolf Hitler. Garden City, NY: Doubleday. ISBN 0-385-03724-4.
- Zentner, Christian; Bedürftig, Friedemann (1991). ISBN 0-02-897500-6.
External links
- Nazi Architecture in Munich Archived 2012-10-16 at the Wayback Machine
- Braunes Haus, München (in German)
- Alan Heath: Munich Brown House on YouTube
- "Munich Evokes the Past in Future Museum" Archived 2007-11-14 at the The Jewish Daily Forward, Feb. 10, 2006