Brussels Metro

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Brussels Metro
standard gauge
Electrification900 V DC third rail
System map

The Brussels Metro (French: Métro de Bruxelles, Dutch: Brusselse metro) is a rapid transit system serving a large part of the Brussels-Capital Region of Belgium. It consists of four conventional metro lines and three premetro lines. The metro-grade lines are M1, M2, M5, and M6[1] with some shared sections, covering a total of 39.9 kilometres (24.8 mi),[1] with 59 metro-only stations. The premetro network consists of three tram lines (T3, T4, and T7) that partly travel over underground sections that were intended to be eventually converted into metro lines.[5] Underground stations in the premetro network use the same design as metro stations. A few short underground tramway sections exist, so there is a total of 52.0 kilometres (32.3 mi) of underground metro and tram network.[1] There are a total of 69 metro and premetro stations as of 2011.[1]

Most of the common section of the first two metro lines (between

TEC
bus stops.

On 22 March 2016,

Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant
(ISIL) claimed responsibility.

History

Development of the Brussels Metro up to 2006

Early history

The

Porte de Namur/Naamsepoort. An underground station at Diamant was opened in 1972 and the Greater Ring line was extended from Diamant to Boileau in 1975. This underground tramway section has not been developed further, and it is used by tramway lines 7 and 25. Rogier station
was inaugurated in 1974.

Opening and extensions

On 20 September 1976, the first metro line opened.[9] One branch went from De Brouckère to Beaulieu (in Auderghem), and the other one linked De Brouckère with Tomberg (in Woluwe-Saint-Lambert). The same year, the North–South Axis (premetro) was opened between Gare du Nord/Noordstation (Brussels-North Station) and Lemonnier. In 1977, two new stations were built; Sainte-Catherine/Sint-Katelijne, which replaced De Brouckère as the last western stop in the City of Brussels, and Demey, which replaced Beaulieu as the last stop of the southern branch.

The next extension was the opening of stations in

Louise/Louiza on the premetro line under the Small Ring
(from Louise/Louiza to Rogier).

This line was extended to

and Albert).

In 1998,

Erasme/Erasmus.[11] With the opening of Delacroix in September 2006, line 2 was extended beyond Clemenceau. A further extension to Gare de l'Ouest/Weststation
(Brussels-West Station) in April 2009 closed the loop of line 2 and led to a major restructuring of metro service.

The Brussels Metro system is complemented by an

S-train network serving the broader metropolitan region and opened in late 2015.[12]

22 March 2016 bombings in Maelbeek

On 22 March 2016, the

Maalbeek/Maelbeek metro station in a terrorist attack that coincided with another bomb attack at Brussels Airport. The bombing at Maelbeek station killed twenty people. The incident prompted the temporary closure of the entire system, and a major reduction in service for several weeks. A fundamental review of security procedures on the metro is underway as of 2016.[13]

Network map

Map


Lines and stations

Brussels Metro train at Rogier station
Demey metro station. The elevated third rails for both tracks are visible halfway between the platforms.

The

premetro lines are powered (like the ground-level tram lines) by overhead lines at 600 V DC; the conventional metro lines use instead an elevated third rail at 900 V DC. They all use standard-gauge. Conventional metro platforms are "high platforms", built flush with the floor of the metro compartments; premetro platforms are the same height, but with a lowered section at least as long as the longest tram, for compatibility with tramways which must be able to take passengers from the sidewalk of a street, or even from the street floor itself. Upgrading a line from premetro to metro service includes, among others, raising the whole platform to metro height and replacing the overhead line by a third rail power supply[citation needed
].

Metro

There are four conventional metro lines and, as of 2008[update], 59 stations (not including premetro stations). Most stations are underground, although some on lines 5 and 6 are at ground level. On 4 April 2009, the connection at Gare de l'Ouest/Weststation that enables line 2 to form a circular line was put into service. As a consequence, the metro network was significantly reorganised. The development plan for this change and related tram and bus network changes was approved by the Brussels-Capital Region in July 2005.

As of 4 April 2009, the four lines are as follows:

Line 1 (M) Line 2 (M) Line 5 (M) Line 6 (M)
  • Simonis
  • Elisabeth

Premetro

Porte de Hal/Hallepoort station in 2006, showing overhead lines and "tramway" vs. "metro" platforms. Tramway line 90 does not exist anymore.

Line 3 and Line 4 are tram lines using the North–South Axis tunnel which crosses the city centre from Brussels-North via Brussels-South to Albert. Line 3 runs from Churchill in the south to Esplanade in the north. Line 4 runs from Brussels-North to Stalle Parking in the south. This North–South Axis is being upgraded to metro service; works have begun in 2019, including north-eastward prolongation of the metro tunnel, and the transition to conventional metro is foreseen for 2024.

Heysel/Heizel, runs under Laeken Park and then via the Greater Ring to the terminus of Line 3 to terminate one stop later at Vanderkindere for connections to tram lines 3, 4 and 92. The somewhat shorter Line 25 [fr; nl
] also runs the Greater Ring premetro, but with different termini at both ends.

Line 3 (T) Line 4 (T) Line 7 (T) Line 25 (T) [fr; nl]
  • Esplanade
  • Churchill
  • Heysel / Heizel
  • Vanderkindere

Ticketing

MoBIB is the STIB/MIVB electronic smart card, introduced in 2007, replacing the discontinued paper tickets. It uses contactless technology based on the Calypso system originally developed for Paris and is in some ways similar e.g. to the London's Oyster card. All metro stations, buses and trams have MoBIB readers.

There is a very wide range of ticket shares to meet different needs. The cost of travel with STIB/MIVB means of transport (metro, tram and bus) is calculated per hour. As long as the journey does not exceed one hour after the first validation of the ticket, it is possible, for example, to switch from a bus to a metro train within the STIB/MIVB network without paying a second time (i.e. a new validation is required but will not be charged). Each trip has a different cost depending on the type of support purchased. Passengers can purchase monthly passes, yearly passes, 1 and 10-trip tickets and daily and 3-day passes. These can be bought over the Internet, but require customers to have a smart card reader. GO vending machines accept coins, local and international chip and PIN credit and debit cards.

Moreover, a complimentary interticketing system means that a combined STIB/MIVB ticket holder can also use the train network operated by

TEC
, depending on the option. With this ticket, a single journey can include multiple stages across the different modes of transport and networks.

Following a successful trial in 2019, and expedited by the COVID-19 pandemic, it is now possible to pay for STIB/MIVB journeys using a contactless bank card.

Rolling stock

The Brussels Metro is served by 217 carriages of M1-M5 series, manufactured by La Brugeoise et Nivelles, ACEC, Bombardier Transportation, Alstom and CAF and delivered between 1976 and 1999, as well as 21 six-car trainsets of the new M6 series (also known as "Boa"), manufactured by CAF and delivered between 2007 and 2012. A new train type known as M7 series was commissioned on lines 1 and 5 in 2021 and will support full automation.

Future

A new metro line 3 is being created from Brussels-North through Schaerbeek towards Bordet. The plan was finally approved in 2013, aiming to start construction in 2018 and operation in 2022.[14] Eventually, this would be linked up with a new southbound line to Uccle (Héros/Helden), which will not be finished before 2025.[15] In 2021, the

premetro line from Brussels-North to Albert, the route of tram lines 3 and 4, is being upgraded and will be incorporated into the new metro line 3. The present Lemonnier station will be replaced by a new station named after Toots Thielemans under the Avenue de Stalingrad/Stalingradlaan.[16]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g "Activity Report 2011 - Figures & statistics '11" (PDF). STIB/MIVB. p. 08. Retrieved 15 September 2013.
  2. ^ "ALGEMENE INDICATOREN" (PDF). STIB/MIVB. 30 May 2023. p. 1. Retrieved 29 August 2023.
  3. ^ a b "STIB - Historique de la STIB de 1970 à 1979" [STIB - History of STIB from 1970 to 1979] (in French). STIB. 2013. Archived from the original on 21 October 2013. Retrieved 15 September 2013.
  4. ^ "Activity Report 2011 - Figures & statistics '11" (PDF). STIB/MIVB. p. 12. Retrieved 15 September 2013.
  5. ^ "Trams are coming back". New Scientist (by Ian Yearsley). 21 December 1972.
  6. ^ "STIB - La STIB de 1960 à 1969" [STIB - STIB from 1960 to 1969] (in French). STIB. 2013. Archived from the original on 21 December 2013. Retrieved 15 September 2013.
  7. ^ "Activity Report 2011 - Figures & statistics '11" (PDF). STIB/MIVB. p. 02. Retrieved 15 September 2013.
  8. ^ "STIB - Key Figures". STIB. 2013. Archived from the original on 28 September 2013. Retrieved 12 December 2014.
  9. ^ Harris, Richard (4 January 2023). "The tracks down the years: A short history of the Brussels Metro". The Brussels Times. Retrieved 30 April 2023.
  10. ^ "10 striking examples of subway art in Brussels". The Word Magazine. 29 March 2017. Retrieved 13 April 2022.
  11. ^ Erasme Metro Station at Structurae. Retrieved 30 April 2023.
  12. ^ "Gen: op naar 10 jaar vertraging" (in Dutch). Brusselnieuws.be. 24 July 2012. Retrieved 30 July 2012.
  13. ^ Heath, Ryan (11 April 2016). "Security questions remain as Brussels metro re-opens". Politico. Retrieved 12 April 2016.
  14. ^ "Go ahead for northern metro extension". Flanders News.be. 1 March 2013. Retrieved 15 November 2013.
  15. ^ "Metro naar Ukkel tegen 2025" (in Dutch). Brusselnieuws.be. 25 July 2012. Archived from the original on 27 July 2012. Retrieved 30 July 2012.
  16. ^ "Vergunning aangevraagd voor nieuw metrostation Grondwet". www.bruzz.be.

External links