Berezhany
(Redirected from
Brzeżany
) | This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages)
|
Berezhany
Бережани | |
|---|---|
 Panorama over the old town of Berezhany | |
 Flag  Coat of arms | |
  Berezhany Location of Berezhany without Ukraine  Berezhany Berezhany (Ukraine) | |
| Coordinates: 49°26′45″N 24°56′10″E / 49.44583°N 24.93611°E | |
| Country | Ukraine |
| Oblast |  Ternopil Oblast |
| Raion | Ternopil Raion |
| First mentioned | 1375 |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Rostyslav Bortnyk |
| Area | |
| • Total | 12 km2 (5 sq mi) |
| Population (2022) | |
| • Total | 17,139 |
| • Density | 1,400/km2 (3,700/sq mi) |
| Area code | + 380-3548 |
| Website | Berezhany City Council |
 | |
Berezhany (
romanized: Brezhan; Hebrew: בּז'יז'אני/בּז'ז'ני Bzhezhani/Bzhizhani) is a city in Ternopil Raion, Ternopil Oblast, western Ukraine. It lies about 50 km (31 mi) from the administrative center of the oblast, Ternopil. Berezhany hosts the administration of Berezhany urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine.[1] Population: 17,139 (2022 estimate).[2]
History
The first written mention of Berezhany dates from 1374, when the village was granted by the Governor of Galicia and Lodomeria
Magdeburg Law
. The document, among other privileges, granted the new town of Brzeżany, as it was called prior to 1945, with: two markets yearly, one for the day of Our Lord's Ascension and the other for the day of Saint Peter in Chains, that are to be held every year. As to weekly fairs these are to be held every Friday, although with respect to the rights of other nearby towns. Thus, the town is to allow each and every tradesman, cart driver or businessman, regardless of his or her state, gender, faith or rite, to arrive to the town of Brzeżany for trade.
The town's location on the route between
The Deluge
, it was again captured by the forces of Sweden and the city was again plundered. However, it was rebuilt afterwards and withstood further Cossack attacks in 1667 and 1672.
In 1675 the town was again sacked and pillaged by the forces of the
Galicia. After 1867 the town became part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire and continued to flourish as it was outside of the region of fortifications, inside which construction of new houses was severely limited. A grammar school was founded there in 1805, and had many notable alumni. Among them were Włodzimierz Bednarski, Franz Kokovsky, Bohdan Lepkyi, Rudolf Moch, Kornel Ujejski, Ruslan Shashkevych, and the future Marshal of Poland Edward Rydz-Śmigły. The town was connected by rail to Tarnopol (modern Ternopil
, Ukraine) in 1894 and in 1900 it had a population of 10,610.
Although the city remained quite populous, with time it lost much of its importance as a trade centre and became populated primarily by Jews as a typical
Polish Army after the Battle of Warsaw. However, some of the most precious sculptures and paintings from the castle and local churches, evacuated to Kraków, were never returned and instead survived the war in the castle of Pieskowa Skała near Ojców
.
After the
Invasion of Poland of 1939 and the outbreak of World War II the town was briefly occupied by Nazi Germany, after which it was transferred to the Soviet Union. During the Soviet occupation many of the local inhabitants were sent to the Gulag camps; there was also a notable NKVD prison located in the town. In June 1941, at the onset of Operation Barbarossa, NKVD massacred from 174 to 300 prisoners held in Berezhany prison.[3]
On July 4, 1941, the town was again occupied by Germany and latter attached to the so-called
Armia Krajowa
.
In 1944 the town was occupied in the course of
Ukrainian SSR
. Since 1991 it has been a part of Ukraine.
Until 18 July 2020, Berezhany was designated as a city of oblast significance[6] and served as the administrative center of Berezhany Raion though it did not belong to the raion. As part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Ternopil Oblast to three, the city was merged into Ternopil Raion.[7][8]
Geography
The city is located about 50 km (31 mi) from the administrative center of the oblast, Ternopil. The city is about 400 metres (1,300 ft) above sea level.
Climate
| Climate data for Berezhany (1981–2010) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −0.1 (31.8) |
1.4 (34.5) |
6.2 (43.2) |
13.8 (56.8) |
19.8 (67.6) |
22.3 (72.1) |
24.3 (75.7) |
23.9 (75.0) |
18.7 (65.7) |
13.1 (55.6) |
5.9 (42.6) |
0.8 (33.4) |
12.5 (54.5) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −3.1 (26.4) |
−2.1 (28.2) |
2.0 (35.6) |
8.5 (47.3) |
14.0 (57.2) |
16.8 (62.2) |
18.7 (65.7) |
17.9 (64.2) |
13.3 (55.9) |
8.2 (46.8) |
2.6 (36.7) |
−1.9 (28.6) |
7.9 (46.2) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −6.0 (21.2) |
−5.2 (22.6) |
−1.6 (29.1) |
3.7 (38.7) |
8.5 (47.3) |
11.7 (53.1) |
13.5 (56.3) |
12.8 (55.0) |
8.7 (47.7) |
4.2 (39.6) |
−0.3 (31.5) |
−4.6 (23.7) |
3.8 (38.8) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 30.0 (1.18) |
35.3 (1.39) |
37.3 (1.47) |
42.2 (1.66) |
67.9 (2.67) |
80.5 (3.17) |
80.8 (3.18) |
71.7 (2.82) |
54.1 (2.13) |
41.9 (1.65) |
36.0 (1.42) |
37.5 (1.48) |
615.4 (24.23) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 8.9 | 8.8 | 8.2 | 7.7 | 10.1 | 10.7 | 9.9 | 9.1 | 8.4 | 7.1 | 8.7 | 9.5 | 107.1 |
| Average relative humidity (%)
|
84.7 | 83.4 | 79.4 | 73.0 | 73.0 | 75.4 | 76.3 | 77.6 | 80.7 | 82.1 | 85.8 | 86.8 | 79.9 |
| Source: World Meteorological Organization[9] | |||||||||||||
Education
There are four
secondary schools and a grammar school
in the city.
Economy
A
glassworks
are all of economic importance to Berezhany.
Landmarks
Of architectural significance are the ruins of the five-cornered fortress (completed in 1554), a park originally laid out in the 17th century, and the wooden Church of Saint Nicholas (completed in 1691).[10]
Nearby localities
- Shybalyn – c. 5 km (3.1 mi)
- Narayiv– c. 14 km (8.7 mi)
- Kozova – c. 20 km (12 mi)
- Pidhaytsi– c. 25 km (16 mi)
- Rohatyn – c. 30 km (19 mi)
- Peremyshliany – 40 km (25 mi)
- Burshtyn – c.40 km (25 mi)
- Halych – c. 50 km (31 mi)
- Ternopil – c. 50 km (31 mi)
- Lviv – c. 90 km (56 mi)
- Ivano-Frankivsk – c. 60 km (37 mi)
- Zavaliv – c. 35 km (22 mi)
- Zboriv – c. 35 km (22 mi)
Notable people
- Markiyan Shashkevych(1811–1843) — Ukrainian poet, studied here
- Mykhailo Hlibovytskyi (1818–1887) – Ukrainian Greek Catholic priest and public figure
- Vassily Ivanchuk— world-class chess player, lived here
- John Paul IIin 2001, taught here
- Aleksander Brückner — Polish scholar of Slavic languages and literatures, born here
- Antoni Brzeżańczyk — Polish football manager
- Zbigniew Dunin-Wasowicz — Polish soldier
- David Meir Frisch — rabbi, posek and rabbinical authority, lived here
- Edward Kofler — mathematician
- Samuel Hirsch Margulies — rabbi of Florence and the principal (from 1899) of Italy's only rabbinical seminary, born here
- Joseph Saul Nathansohn — Polish rabbi, posek and rabbinical authority, born here
- Shimon Redlich — historian, born here
- Edward Sucharda — Polish chemist and engineer, born here
- Lapshynon the outskirts of Berezhany)
- Sholom Mordechai Schwadron — Jewish gaon lived and died here
- Abraham A. Neuman (1890—1970) — rabbi, historian and president of Dropsie College
- Vitalii Shupliak — Ukrainian artist
- 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraineby blowing up a bridge, born here
- Volodymyr Sawchak (1911–2007) — painter and activist who lived in Australia, born here
- Olena Kulchytska (1877-1967) - Ukrainian painter
References
- ^ "Бережанская городская громада" (in Russian). Портал об'єднаних громад України.
- ^ Чисельність наявного населення України на 1 січня 2022 [Number of Present Population of Ukraine, as of January 1, 2022] (PDF) (in Ukrainian and English). Kyiv: State Statistics Service of Ukraine. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 July 2022.
- ISBN 83-85195-15-7.
- ISBN 978-0-253-35599-7.
- ^ "Execution Sites of Jewish Victims Investigated by Yahad-In Unum". Yahad Map. Retrieved 18 December 2014.
- ^ Redactor (14 May 2015). Кременець став містом обласного значення [Kremenets has become a city of regional significance] (in Ukrainian). Radyvyliv.info. Retrieved 12 March 2017.
- ^ "Про утворення та ліквідацію районів. Постанова Верховної Ради України № 807-ІХ". Голос України (in Ukrainian). 2020-07-18. Retrieved 2020-10-03.
- ^ "Нові райони: карти + склад" (in Ukrainian). Міністерство розвитку громад та територій України.
- ^ "World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1981–2010". World Meteorological Organization. Archived from the original on 17 July 2021. Retrieved 17 July 2021.
- ^ портал в Мир путешествий и приключений - хватит сидеть на месте, открой для себя Землю! (in Russian)
Further reading
- Weiner, Miriam; Ukrainian State Archives (in cooperation with); Moldovan National Archives (in cooperation with) (1999). "Chapter 11: Town Clips: Berezhany". Jewish Roots in Ukraine and Moldova: Pages from the Past and Archival Inventories (PDF). Secaucus, NJ: Miriam Weiner Routes to Roots Foundation. p. 403. OCLC 607423469.
- Redlich, Shimon (2002). Together and Apart in Brzezany Poles, Jews, and Ukrainians, 1919-1945. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press. OCLC 928471004.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Berezhany.
| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
| Other | |
