Budd RB Conestoga
RB Conestoga | |
---|---|
Role | Military transport aircraft |
National origin | United States |
Manufacturer | Budd Company |
First flight | 31 October 1943 |
Introduction | 1944 |
Status | Retired |
Primary users | United States Navy Flying Tiger Line |
Number built | 20 |
The Budd RB-1 Conestoga was a twin-engine,
Design and development
World War II created a great demand for military transport aircraft in the United States. Because of initial fears of a shortage of
The Conestoga was a twin-engine high-wing
Innovations
The RB-1/C-93 was radical for its day, introducing many of the features now standard in military transports. The flight deck could accommodate three crew members, pilot and copilot side-by-side, the navigator behind them. Stairs connected the flight deck to the cargo area, which was 25 feet (7.6 m) long with an unobstructed cross-section of 8 × 8 feet (2.4m) throughout its length. Cargo loading and unloading could be accomplished in two ways: through 40 × 60 inch (102 × 152 cm) doors on both sides of the fuselage or by an electrically operated 10 × 8 foot (3.0 × 2.4 m) ramp at the aft end of the cargo area under the upswept tail, a similar development to what had been initially fitted to the Germans' own Ju 90 four-engined transport aircraft as their Trapoklappe ramp in 1939. The RB-1's loading ramp, accessed by manually operated clamshell doors, along with the tricycle landing gear, meant cargo could be loaded/unloaded at truck-bed height. A manually operated two-ton (1814 kg) hoist for unloading trucks and a one-ton winch for pulling cargo up the ramp were also provided in the cargo area. The aircraft could accommodate:
- 24 paratroopers, or
- 24 stretchers and 16 sitting wounded, or
- 9,600 pounds of cargo, or
- a 1½ ton truck, or
- The largest ambulance in use by the U.S. military.
Operational history
The prototype first flew from the Budd Red Lion Factory Airfield in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on 31 October 1943, piloted by Guy Miller.[1] The prototype had a takeoff run when empty of just 650 feet (200 m), and could carry a maximum payload of 10,400 pounds (4,700 kg) with a takeoff run of 920 feet (280 m).[2] However, the aircraft demonstrated greater than expected fuel consumption; the range with a standard payload was only 700 miles (1,100 km), 650 miles (1,050 km) with a maximum payload.[2] Three prototype aircraft: NX37097, NX41810, and NC45354 were built; one was used for testing radio equipment, while the other two were used for flight test evaluations.[1][3] During testing, a few aircraft had difficulty with the simultaneous deployment of the right and left landing gear. With the same engines as the C-47, but 3,000 pounds (1,400 kg) heavier (empty), the aircraft was relatively underpowered; it was reportedly said[by whom?] that, for an aircraft built by a railroad car company, it indeed handled like one.[citation needed]
At the Budd factory and airfield in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, there were construction delays due to cost overruns and problems with stainless steel fabrication. By late 1943, aluminum production had been increased with the construction of new processing facilities, and other more conventional cargo aircraft (such as the Curtiss C-46 Commando and the Douglas C-47 Skytrain) were being produced in large numbers. This caused the Army to cancel its order for the C-93 and the Navy to reduce its RB-1 order from 200 to 25, of which 17 were delivered in March 1944.
On 13 April 1944, during a
Production RB-1 aircraft never entered squadron service with the Navy, but a few were briefly used by
The seven remaining National Skyways aircraft were used to transport a variety of cargo, shipping fruit and furniture from its base in
In 1947, the U.S. Army (and later the U.S. Air Force) gave National Skyway Freight a large contract for trans-Pacific freight, for which it leased military aircraft. The company changed its name to
Brazil
The V.A.S.D. (Viação Aérea Santos Dumont) was born on January 18, 1944. He started with the purchase of two Catalinas and a Budd Conestoga, both former Rubber development Corporation. Budd RB.1 Conestoga had the PP-SDC "Tio Sam" enrollment. It was damaged in an emergency landing at Campo dos Afonsos on 04.01.1947, landing with one train collected, declared unrecoverable and there scrapped.[citation needed]
Surviving aircraft
A single unrestored Budd RB-1 is on display at the
Specifications (RB-1)
Data from Jane's fighting aircraft of World War II[7]
General characteristics
- Crew: 3
- Capacity: 9,600 lb (4,400 kg) of payload with 390 US gal (320 imp gal; 1,500 L) of fuel
- Length: 68 ft (21 m)
- Wingspan: 100 ft (30 m)
- Height: 31 ft 9 in (9.68 m)
- Wing area: 1,400 sq ft (130 m2)
- Empty weight: 20,156 lb (9,143 kg)
- Gross weight: 33,860 lb (15,359 kg)
- Fuel capacity: 994 US gal (828 imp gal; 3,760 L) in three wing tanks
- Powerplant: 2 × Pratt & Whitney R-1830-92 Twin Wasp 14-cylinder air-cooled radial engines, 1,200 hp (890 kW) each
- Propellers: 3-bladed Hamilton Standard Hydromatic, 11 ft 7 in (3.53 m) diameter constant-speed fully feathering propellers
Performance
- Maximum speed: 197 mph (317 km/h, 171 kn) at 7,500 ft (2,300 m)
- Cruise speed: 165 mph (266 km/h, 143 kn)
- Stall speed: 78 mph (126 km/h, 68 kn) fully loaded
- Range: 700 mi (1,100 km, 610 nmi) normal
- Maximum economical range: 1,620 mi (1,410 nmi; 2,610 km)
See also
- Fleetwings BT-12 Sophomore also a stainless steel design
- Curtiss-Wright C-76 Caravan
- List of aircraft of World War II
- List of military aircraft of the United States
- List of United States Navy aircraft designations (pre-1962)
References
Notes
- ^ The company lost one RB-1 on its initial flight at a crash in Fort Worth, Texas; it was sold for $500 and used as a hamburger stand.[5]
- ^ The Michigan crash occurred when a National Skyways RB-1 was forced to make a belly landing in a Detroit graveyard. There were no casualties.
Citations
- ^ ISBN 0-8306-4373-7.
- ^ a b Merriam 2000, p. 45.
- ^ Freeman, Paul. "Budd Factory Airfield, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania." airfields-freeman.com. Retrieved: 13 November 2010.
- ^ "Report of Aircraft Accident, U.S. Navy NX37097 (Budd RB-1 Conestoga), 13 April 1944." Aviation-Safety.net. Retrieved: 13 November 2010.
- ^ a b c d e f g "Flying Tiger History: The 1940s." Archived 2006-10-05 at the Wayback Machine flyingtigerline.org. Retrieved: 13 November 2010.
- ^ "CONESTOGA". Pima Air & Space Museum. Archived from the original on 28 September 2018. Retrieved 27 September 2018.
- ISBN 0517679647.
Bibliography
- Bridgeman, Leonard. “The Budd Conestoga.” Jane's Fighting Aircraft of World War II. London: Studio, 1946. ISBN 1-85170-493-0.
- Merriam, Ray. U. S. Warplanes of World War II. Bennington Vermont: Merriam Press, 2000. ISBN 978-1-57638-167-0.