Buddhist surname
| Shi | |
|---|---|
| Chinese name | |
Hanyu Pinyin | Shì |
| Wade–Giles | Shih4 |
| Yue: Cantonese | |
| Jyutping | Sik1 |
| Transcriptions | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization | Seok |
| McCune–Reischauer | Sŏk |
| Transcriptions | |
|---|---|
| Romanization | Shaku |
In
Shakyamuni.[2] This practice was introduced by the Jin dynasty (266–420) monk Dao'an in around 370, when he stayed in Xiangyang,[3] and became general practice in China after 385.[2] Previously Chinese monks and nuns used several other Buddhist surnames, typically designating the ethnonational origin of their foreign preceptors.[2]
The most notable early surname was Zhu (Chinese: 竺; pinyin: Zhú; Wade–Giles: Chu2; Jyutping: Zuk1),[4] which came from Tianzhu (the Chinese word for India).[5] Jingjian (292–361) or Zhu Jingjian was the first nun of China. Daosheng (c. 360–434) or Zhu Daosheng was one of the last influential monks to use Zhu rather than Shi.[2]
Other Buddhist surnames included:
- Zhi (Chinese: 支) which came from Yuezhi or its successor state, the Kushan Empire.[6] Examples include Zhi Qian and Zhi Dun.
- An (
- Yu (Chinese: 于) which came from Yutian (the Chinese word for Khotan).[8]
- Kang (Sogdiana. An example is Kang Senghui.[9]
- Bo (Chinese: 帛) which came from the Chinese word for the surname of several Kucha kings, Bo (Chinese: 白).[10]
The adoption of a Buddhist surname signifies the ordinand's severance of family bonds and their full devotion to the teachings of the Buddha.[2]
References
- ^ Buswell & Lopez 2014, p. 905.
- ^ a b c d e Buswell & Lopez 2014, p. 802.
- ^ Zürcher 2013, p. 113.
- ^ Buswell & Lopez 2014, p. 1058.
- ^ Buswell & Lopez 2014, p. 913.
- ^ Buswell & Lopez 2014, p. 1055.
- ^ Buswell & Lopez 2014, p. 37.
- ^ Buswell & Lopez 2014, p. 1040.
- ^ Buswell & Lopez 2014, p. 414.
- ^ Buswell & Lopez 2014, p. 127.
- ISBN 978-0-691-15786-3.
- ISBN 978-90-04-25093-2.