Budha
Budha | |
---|---|
Graha, Deva | |
Abode | Budhaloka |
Planet | Mercury |
Day | Wednesday |
Number | 5 |
Mount | a lion and a chariot hauled by eight yellow horses |
Personal information | |
Parents | |
Consort | Ila[2] |
Children | Pururavas |
Budha (
He is also known as Somaya, Rohinaya,[4] and rules over the nakshatras (lunar mansions) of Ashlesha, Jyeshtha, and Revati.[5]
Planet
Budha is the planet that appears in various Hindu astronomical texts in
The manuscripts of these texts exist in slightly different versions, present Budha's motion in the skies, but vary in their data, suggesting that the text were open and revised over their lives. The texts slightly disagree in their data, in their measurements of Budha's revolutions, apogee, epicycles, nodal longitudes, orbital inclination, and other parameters.[7]: ix–xi For example, both Khandakhadyaka and Surya Siddhanta of Varaha state that Budha completes 17,937,000 revolutions on its own axis every 4,320,000 years, and had an apogee (aphelia) of 220 degrees in 499 CE; while another manuscript of Surya Siddhanta increases the revolutions by 60 to 17,937,060, and the apogee to 220 degrees and 26 seconds.[7]: ix–x
The 1st millennium CE Hindu scholars had estimated the time it took for sidereal revolutions of each planet including Budha, from their astronomical studies, with slightly different results:[7]: 26–27
Source | Estimated time per sidereal revolution[7]: 26–27 |
---|---|
Surya Siddhanta | 87 days, 23 hours, 16 minutes, 22.3 seconds |
Siddhanta Shiromani | 87 days, 23 hours, 16 minutes, 41.5 seconds |
Ptolemy (Almagest) | 87 days, 23 hours, 16 minutes, 42.9 seconds |
20th century calculation | 87 days, 23 hours, 15 minutes, 43.9 seconds |
Legends
Budha is a god in Hindu mythology and is the son of Chandra and Rohini[4] or Tara.[8][9] The events leading to his birth from the latter is detailed in the myth of the Tarakamaya War. Budha has a son, the king Pururavas, with his wife Ila.
One of the earliest mentions of Budha appears in the
Calendar and Hindu astrology
Budha is the root of the word 'Budhavara' or Wednesday in the Hindu calendar.[2] The word "Wednesday" in the Greco-Roman and other Indo-European calendars is also dedicated to planet Mercury ("day of Odin").
Budha is part of the Navagraha in the Hindu zodiac system, considered benevolent, associated with an agile mind and memory. The role and importance of the Navagraha developed over time with various influences. Glorifying planetary bodies and their astrological significance occurred as early as the Vedic period and was recorded in the Vedas. The earliest work of astrology recorded in India is the Vedanga Jyotisha which began to be compiled in the 14th century BCE. The classical planets, including Mercury, were referenced in the Atharvaveda around 1000 BCE.
The Navagraha was furthered by additional contributions from
Budha is also the root for name for the week day in many other Indian languages. In modern
Iconography
Budha's iconography, according to Roshen Dalal, is as a benevolent[10] male god with green body, draped into yellow clothes, holding a scimitar, a club, and a shield. He is riding a chariot, drawn by eight yellow horses; and in illustrations, he rides a lion and has four arms, and in Budha Temple he is depicted riding a lion.[2][11][12]
See also
- Days of the week
- Navagraha
- Nakshatra
- List of Natchathara temples
- Jyotisha
- Saptarishi
- List of Hindu deities
References
- ^ "Lord Budha, Planet Mercury, Hindu God Budha – AstroVedPedia".
- ^ ISBN 978-0-14-341421-6.
- ^ "Best Life Story of Gautam Budhha in Hindi". motivatorindia.in. September 2019.
- ^ ISBN 978-1-4614-7951-2– via Google Books.
- ^ Krishnamurti, Kuthur Subbaraya Iyer (1971). Transit (Gocharapala Nirnayam). p. 49.
- OCLC 463213346– via Google Books.
- ^ ISBN 978-81-208-0612-2– via Google Books.
- ISBN 978-0-8426-0822-0.
- ISBN 978-0-14-341421-6.
- ISBN 978-0-8239-3179-8.
- ^ "[no title cited]". University of Washington. Archived from the original on 18 May 2021. Retrieved 15 November 2019.
- ISBN 978-0-19-935972-1– via Google Books.
Further reading
- Svoboda, Robert (1997). The Greatness of Saturn: A therapeutic myth. Lotus Press. ISBN 0-940985-62-4.
- S2CID 125228353.
- Pingree, David (1981). Jyotihśāstra: Astral and Mathematical Literature. Otto Harrassowitz. ISBN 978-3447021654.
- Ohashi, Yukio (1999). Andersen, Johannes (ed.). Highlights of Astronomy. Vol. 11B. Springer Science. ISBN 978-0-7923-5556-4– via Google Books.