Buffalo Grove, Illinois

Coordinates: 42°9′59″N 87°57′48″W / 42.16639°N 87.96333°W / 42.16639; -87.96333
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
This article is about the Chicago suburb. For the unincorporated Ogle County community of the same name, see Buffalo Grove, Ogle County, Illinois.
Buffalo Grove, Illinois
Village
Welcoming sign in Buffalo Grove that reads "Buffalo Grove welcomes you!"
Sign welcoming drivers into Buffalo Grove
Village Board
Trustees[2]
  • Lester A Ottenheimer
  • Andrew Stein
  • David Weidenfeld
  • Joanne Johnson
  • Gregory S Pike
  • Frank Cesario
Area
ZIP code(s)
60089
Area code(s)847 and 224
FIPS code17-09447
GNIS ID2397490
Commuter rail
Websitewww.vbg.org

Buffalo Grove is a

Chicago Metropolitan Area
.

Before European colonization, Native American Potawatomi tribes inhabited the present area. The name "Buffalo Grove" comes from the English translation of the Potawatomi name for Buffalo Creek, which flows through some of the village.[8] Initial Homesteaders sold their land to agricultural Catholic German immigrants, who established St. Mary's Church and a school. The area remained small and rural and character until housing developers began building single-family houses after the Korean War. After being incorporated in 1958, Buffalo Grove experienced a population boom for the rest of the 20th century. The village hosted a 50th Anniversary Celebration in 2008.

The village features dozens of recreational facilities, parks, and festivals, including a months-long Farmers' market, two golf courses, and the popular "Buffalo Grove Days". Buffalo Grove has an elected council-manager government with home rule status. The local government's public works department is nationally accredited. Economically, residents work in health care, education, and professional services, while businesses in the village employ 20,000 daytime workers in 10 million square feet of commercial and industrial space.

History

Prior to incorporation

The first inhabitants of the region were the

Jesuit explorers Father Jacques Marquette and Louis Jolliet in 1673; they established trade relations with the Ojibwe.[17][10] They were traveling west to find the mouth of the Mississippi River to map its entirety and to spread Christianity.[18][19]

Consistent with Native American history in the United States, the tribes in Illinois were devastated by decades of war, diseases, and the ever-encroaching American settlers. The settlers caused a dwindling of food and game; in 1829, a group of Illinois River Potawatomi signed a land cession treaty that included what would become Lake County in exchange for annual delivery of $12,000 in cash and 50 barrels of salt, $12,000 in gifts, and an exclusive blacksmith shop for them.[20] The Native Americans' efforts to remain on their land failed because of the pressure of westward migration, aided by the recent opening of the Erie Canal.[21][22] They signed the 1833 Treaty of Chicago, which ceded all their lands in Illinois and Wisconsin and opened the area to white settlement.[23] Some Native Americans who left the area would move onto reservations in western Missouri and Kansas, while others went north into Canada or resettled in northern Michigan and Wisconsin.[21][20]

The first white settler in Vernon Township was Daniel Wright, who arrived in 1833 and established a cabin and crops with the help of remaining natives.[24][21][25] The first settlers in Buffalo Grove were homesteaders from New England who received land grants from the government.[26] They stayed for five years and sold their land to Catholic German immigrants fleeing poor living conditions.[26][5] The primarily agricultural immigrants subsequently established the St. Mary's Roman Catholic Church and St. Mary's School in the 1850s; they still stand today.[27] Buffalo Grove expanded throughout the 19th century with the additions of the first school (St. Mary's School), the Firnbach Tavern, and the Weidner General Store.[26] The General Store served many purposes in the town, such as the post office, train ticket office, polling place, and first town telephone.[28] Before World War II, Buffalo Grove was entirely rural, consisting of less than 150 people, mostly dairy farmers.[29]

Incorporation and post-incorporation

All farmers eventually sold their land to developers like Al Frank, president of Buffalo Grove Home Builders Inc., who started developing his 100-acre purchase in the 1950s for World War II and Korean War veterans.[30][26] The demand for single-family homes near Chicago led to a wave of "suburban settlers" in Buffalo Grove; they lived in Frank's 1,000 square foot homes.[30] Frank was instrumental in Buffalo Grove's incorporation in 1958 because he successfully recruited many people; incidentally, most of them were related to him or working for him. He had wanted to incorporate Buffalo Grove to remove his development from Cook County city planners.[29] The incorporated population was 164 people.[29][31] The incorporation led to a population increase in Buffalo Grove, and as more developers came, the village annexed more land.[29] Organization quickly commenced as the government created a plan commission and parks and recreation commission. Meanwhile, the government hired a professional planner to create a land-use plan, which prevented problems associated with rapid growth.[30] Alcott School opened in 1960. In 1962, the village held its first Buffalo Days festival, and the new Buffalo Grove flag—depicting a majestic, fighting buffalo, green leaves, and gold bands—was chosen.[30]

In the 1970s, Buffalo Grove experienced an 80 percent population growth, the third-highest rate in the northwest suburbs during the decade.[32] The increasing population caused the village to continue to annex subdivisions such as the Highlands, Green Knolls, and Windfield and establish home rule status, thereby allowing the government greater ability to solve local problems.[30] In addition to residential subdivisions, the Buffalo Grove Commerce Center was developed in 1981 with 50 acres of industrial park at Lake Cook Road and the Soo Line Railroad tracks.[33] In the mid-1980s, the Corporate Grove industrial park was built to the east, and Buffalo Grove Business Park was constructed to the west.[34][35] The Arbor Creek Business Center at Aptakisic Road and Barclay Boulevard, and Covington Corporate Center on Busch Road were also developed.[5] Important buildings and organizations were completed in the 1970s, including Buffalo Grove High School, Adlai E. Stevenson High School, the park district, Indian Trails Public Library, and Vernon Area Public Library.[36] In 1992, village representatives successfully pushed for a United States Postal Service in Buffalo Grove, the first main postal facility built in the United States in twenty years.[30] The lack of a postal facility had many problems for residents, such as long lines, congestion, and parking hassles at the Wheeling facility.[37] In 2006, the village became one of the first official smoke-free communities by banning smoking in public places and work environments.[30]

Geography

Buffalo Grove is a suburb of the city of Chicago, located in the extreme northeastern region of Illinois.

Prairie View is in two parts of the village. One large portion in the north includes Didier Farms, while the much smaller portion is on the Horatio Gardens subdivision just northeast of the intersection of Weiland Road and Pauline Avenue.[38] Illinois Route 83 leads north towards central Lake County and south towards O'Hare International Airport. East–west streets can take residents east to Lake Michigan and other North Shore suburbs such as Lake Forest, Highland Park, and Glencoe.[38]

According to the 2020 US

wetlands and even now is a nesting spot for grassland birds, including bobolinks and eastern meadowlarks. Improvements in the 2010s include 1.7 miles of trails, seven boardwalks, two scenic overlooks, and a reservoir expansion. Buffalo Creek also functions as flood control and is built to look like a naturally occurring wetland.[41] Buffalo Grove is in the Des Plaines River watershed.[42][43]

Climate

Main article: Climate of Chicago

Due to its proximity to the city, Buffalo Grove's climate shares many of the same traits as Chicago. Buffalo Grove lies in a

USDA plant hardiness zone 5b.[48]

Climate data for Buffalo Grove, IL
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °F (°C) 28
(−2) 		31.5
(−0.3) 		43.3
(6.3) 		54.1
(12.3) 		65.8
(18.8) 		75.7
(24.3) 		81
(27) 		79.7
(26.5) 		73
(23) 		59.7
(15.4) 		45.5
(7.5) 		34.5
(1.4) 		56.0
(13.4)
Mean daily minimum °F (°C) 17.6
(−8.0) 		20.1
(−6.6) 		30.6
(−0.8) 		39.4
(4.1) 		50.5
(10.3) 		59.9
(15.5) 		65.8
(18.8) 		64.9
(18.3) 		58.1
(14.5) 		46.2
(7.9) 		33.6
(0.9) 		24.8
(−4.0) 		42.6
(5.9)
Average precipitation inches (mm) 1.57
(40) 		1.61
(41) 		1.77
(45) 		3.35
(85) 		3.66
(93) 		3.54
(90) 		2.95
(75) 		2.8
(71) 		2.24
(57) 		2.56
(65) 		1.54
(39) 		1.34
(34) 		28.93
(735)
Average snowfall inches (cm) 4.8
(12) 		4.45
(11.3) 		1.22
(3.1) 		1.89
(4.8) 		0.08
(0.20) 		— — — — 0.28
(0.71) 		1.65
(4.2) 		2.48
(6.3) 		16.85
(42.8)
Source: Weather Atlas[45]

Demographics

Main article: Demographics of Chicago
Further information: History of the Jews in Chicago
Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
19601,492—
197012,333726.6%
198022,23080.2%
199036,42763.9%
200042,90917.8%
201041,496−3.3%
202043,2124.1%
U.S. Decennial Census[49]
2010[50] 2020[51]
Buffalo Grove village, Illinois – Racial and ethnic composition
Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.
Race / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic) Pop 2010[50] Pop 2020[51] % 2010 % 2020
White
alone (NH) 		31,813 26,672 76.67% 61.93%
Black or African American
alone (NH) 		405 517 0.98% 1.20%
Alaska Native
alone (NH) 		32 36 0.08% 0.08%
Asian alone (NH) 6,625 11,865 15.97% 27.46%
Pacific Islander alone (NH) 17 6 0.04% 0.01%
Some Other Race alone (NH) 65 115 0.16% 0.27%
Mixed Race/Multi-Racial (NH) 499 1,057 1.20% 2.45%
Hispanic or Latino (any race) 2,040 2,854 4.92% 6.60%
Total 41,496 43,212 100.00% 100.00%

As of the

2010 United States Census.[52][53] Originally incorporated with 164 people, Buffalo Grove experienced a population boom during its first few decades because of the suburban craze following World War II and the Korean War.[30]

According to 2020 US Census Bureau data, the population of Buffalo Grove was 72.2% White (67.9% non-Hispanic White), 21% Asians, 1.6% African American, 0.2% American Indian or Alaska Native, 0.1% Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, and 2.8% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.92% of the population. Hispanics of any race made up 6.8% of the village's population.[53] The educational attainment of Buffalo Grove citizens were 97.7% graduating high school, 6.3% having an associate degree, 38.1% having a bachelor's degree, and 28% having a master's degree or professional degree. The median property value for owner-occupied houses was $332,300. Median household earnings were $115,951; men's median earnings were $92,984; women's median earnings were $66,705. The poverty rate was 3.4%.[54]

Like many other northwest suburbs, Buffalo Grove contains a large

synagogues in 1995. Since the 1980s, the Jewish population has declined due to less immigration to the US, low birthrate, assimilation, intermarriage, and lack of Jewish identity.[58]

In 2011, 16% of Buffalo Grove's residents were Asian, the seventh-highest percent in Chicago suburbs.

O. J. Simpson murder case, grew up in Buffalo Grove.[64]

Being a suburb, Buffalo Grove attracts families looking for a good environment to raise children and avoid the downfalls of living in a city.[65] According to the U.S. Census Bureau's American Community Survey data estimates for 2015–2019, of the 15,399 households, 35.5% had children under 18 living with them, and 65.9% were married couples living together. Female householder families with no spouse or partner present who own children under 18 years made up 2.4% of all households (0.5% for male equivalent), and 3.3% of households were cohabiting couples. Of all households, 23.0% were individuals, and 28.6% had one or more people 65 years and over. The average household size was 2.66, and 41.6% spoke a language other than English at home. The median age was 41.7 years old. The age range was broad, with 23.0% of the population under 18, 32.5% aged 18 to 44 years, 30.0% aged 45 to 64 years, and 14.5% aged 65 years and older.[66][67][53]

Economy

Buffalo Grove
Employment by industry in 2019[68]
Industry Employment Percentage
Education and health care 4,410 19.4%
Professional, scientific, management 4,175 18.3%
Manufacturing 3,277 14.4%
Finance, insurance, real estate 2,572 11.3%
Retail trade 2,510 11.0%
Art, entertainment, recreation, food 1,335 5.9%
Wholesale trade 1,192 5.2%
Transportation, warehousing, utility 883 3.9%
Other services 733 3.2%
Construction 686 3.0%
Information 514 2.3%
Public administration 405 1.8%
Agriculture, forestry, hunting 79 0.3%
Total 22,771 100%

The Buffalo Grove economy includes several corporate business parks, a diverse retail market, and

Chicago metro area and the US; also, the average gross rent was double that of the area average, suggesting that demand for property was high in the village.[73]

The village government incentivizes multiple companies to operate in the village. Because Hines Supply has been the largest sales tax generator in Buffalo Grove, the village created a tax agreement in 2000 that—after being amended a few times—will last until 2040.[74][75] The agreement requires the village to rebate 60 percent of the total sales tax collected.[74] The village also created a $7 million tax agreement to incentivize the long-awaited and popular Woodman's Markets to open in Buffalo Grove. It attracts shoppers from up to an hour away.[76] The arrival spurred build out on Milwaukee Avenue and is part of Deerfield Parkway's 25 acres of commercial development.[77] Other companies in tax agreements are Business IT Source Inc. and ThermFlo.[78][79]

In 2015, 72.5 percent of residents were in the labor force; the

unemployment rate was 3.5 percent, a little lower than Lake County's rate of 5.1 percent. Of those employed in 2015, 15.9 percent worked in Chicago, 5.7 percent worked in Buffalo Grove, and less than 4 percent in Arlington Heights, Schaumburg, and Wheeling. Around 10 percent of those employed in Buffalo Grove lived in Chicago, while 7.4 percent lived and worked in Buffalo Grove.[80]

In 2019, the top five employers in Buffalo Grove were Siemens Building Technologies with 1,800 employees, I.S.I (business consulting) at 1,200, ESS (business consulting) at 550, Plexus Corp (an electronic parts supplier) at 370, and Veritas Document Solutions (commercial printer) at 300. Other large employers include US LBM Holdings, LLC (Hines Supply is a subsidiary), the Village of Buffalo Grove, ARxIUM, Vapor Bus International, and Leica Microsystems Inc.[81]: 179 

Arts and culture

The Raupp Museum, operated by the Buffalo Grove Park District, chronicles the town's history, starting with the Potawatomi and ending at the "bustling suburb of today".[82] In 1964, the Raupp brothers donated their land to the Park District with the wish that they make it a library or museum.[83] Dedicated in 1979, the museum regularly receives grants from the state, allowing it to contain and preserve two permanent gallery spaces and changing exhibits while serving around 9,000 visitors a year.[84][85][86] In 2014, the Buffalo Grove Park District opened the Community Arts Center, which houses a theater space and classrooms. The Park District's local theater company, Big Deal Productions, uses the theater.[87]

The Buffalo Grove Town Center, a major shopping and retail destination within the village, is located at the Buffalo Grove Road and McHenry Road intersections with Lake Cook Road.[88] It accommodates the Buffalo Grove Theater and Bowlero: a bowling, arcade, laser tag, and birthday party venue.[89][90] The Town Center has struggled throughout its existence, with the original development taking 17 years and redevelopment stagnating.[88][91] The Buffalo Grove Invitational Fine Arts Festival was year-round at the Buffalo Grove Town Center in mid-July, with over 30,000 visitors attending on average.[92] The last festival occurred in 2011.[93]

The village is home to St. Mary's Church, built in the 1850s by the

synagogues in 1995.[5]

Annual cultural events

2019 pride parade

Buffalo Grove holds approximately ten events throughout the year, the largest being Buffalo Grove Days in September. The multi-day festival occurs at Mike Rylko Community Park, 951 McHenry Road., located on the east side of McHenry/Route 83, between Buffalo Grove Road and Deerfield Parkway, next to the Spray ’n’ Play waterpark.

Farmers' Market, also held at Mike Rylko Community Park. It lasts every Sunday morning from June to October, presenting "locally grown fruits, vegetables, condiments, gourmet coffee and pastries, and more".[96] In addition, businesses sponsor booths while non-profits showcase local organizations and businesses.[96]

On June 2, 2019, Buffalo Grove held its inaugural

Fourth of July Fireworks, and Golf at Buffalo Grove and Arboretum Golf Courses.[99]

Libraries

The Vernon Area Library, located just east of the border in neighboring Lincolnshire.

The Indian Trails Public Library District serves Wheeling Township Buffalo Grove and a small portion of Lake County Buffalo Grove.[100][101] It is located in Wheeling, south of the intersection of Dundee Road and Schoenbeck Road.[102] The library has renovated, moved, and changed multiple times since beginning in a 20-foot by 30-foot frame building and holding fewer than 13,000 items in its collection. In 2009, the one-millionth item was checked out from the library.[103]

Vernon Area Public Library District serves Vernon Township Buffalo Grove, located in Lincolnshire. The Vernon Area Public library began in 1974 in a classroom in the Adlai Stevenson High School and later moved to a temporary building in the high school parking lot. The first permanent library building was at 4 Indian Creek Road in Lincolnshire. On March 20, 1990, voters approved a referendum to sell $6.9 million in bonds to construct a new library adjacent to the existing library building. On September 15, 1993, the Vernon Area Public Library opened at 300 Olde Half Day Road in Lincolnshire. In 2019, the total collection use was 1,092,622.[104]

Sports and recreation

Buffalo Grove has an extensive collection of parks and natural open spaces. Nicole Park is north of Old Checker Road along Arlington Heights Road and contains a playground and open space.[105] It is named after a 10-year-old girl who died in a nearby reservoir.[106] Willow Stream Park along Old Checker Road serves the village with sports fields and courts, a pool, playground, and large open grass areas. Mike Rylko Community Park is home to the fairs and events mentioned above, and Buffalo Grove Fitness Center is north of Willow Stream; both feature similar amenities to Willow Stream.[105] South of Lake Cook Road is Emmerich Park (named after a soldier), home to the Buffalo Grove Park District and where BGRA (mentioned below) plays many games.[105][36] In total, Buffalo Grove has dozens of parks.[107] In addition to parks, Buffalo Grove has 43 miles of paths and sidewalks in Buffalo Creek Trail, Des Plaines River Trail, and Cook County Forest Preserve District.[108]

The non-profit corporation Buffalo Grove Recreation Association (BGRA), not affiliated with the park district, provides a youth baseball league for the community.[109] Founded in 1961, BGRA's 1,500 players and 600 volunteers participate in House Baseball (for anyone), Travel Baseball (try out), and Buddy Baseball. Buddy Baseball pairs special needs children and non-disabled buddies, who help them play baseball.[110]

Buffalo Grove has two golf courses and one indoor golf facility. The Buffalo Grove Golf Course is one of the largest open spaces within the village. Utilized as a floodplain, the course both functions as enjoyment and civil infrastructure.[105] The Arboretum Club, which opened in 1990, is an 18-hole course. Lastly, the park district's 100 by 60-yard Golf Dome has a 75-yard driving range, putting green, and hitting stations.[111]

Multiple notable athletes have originated from Buffalo Grove.

KRS Vanke Rays and the United States national team.[118] Finally, Olympic figure skater Bradie Tennell trained most of her life at Twin Rinks in Buffalo Grove.[119] She is a 2018 Olympic team event bronze medalist, the 2020 Four Continents bronze medalist, the 2018 CS Autumn Classic champion, the 2018 CS Golden Spin of Zagreb champion, and a two-time US national
champion (2018, 2021).

Government

The government of Buffalo Grove is a council-manager form of government with elements of home rule, gained in 1980.[120][121] The village president and six trustees with four-year terms lead the government.[122] The daily functions of the village are carried out by an appointed village manager whose job includes attracting new businesses, presenting an annual budget, and much more.[123][124] According to the village, the village manager's function "is similar to that of a general manager in a multi-division service organization".[123] Accordingly, the village manager, Dane Bragg, received a $267,310 salary in 2019 plus a $15,000 bonus.[124]

In 2021, the village expected $107 million in revenues to support $113 million in expenditures.[125] Fire Department and Police pensions and Illinois Municipal Retirement Fund were the steepest expenditures, totaling around $7 million.[125] In 2017, the biggest revenue sources were taxes at 58 percent (property taxes were largest at 34 percent) and intergovernmental revenues at 27 percent.[126] The sales tax rate for Cook and Lake County is 10 percent and 8 percent. Also, the tax rate on food and beverages sold at restaurants in the Cook County portion of Buffalo Grove is 11 percent (10 percent for sales tax and 1 percent for food and beverage tax), while in Lake County, the same tax on food sold at restaurants is 9 percent.[127] Budgeted employment in 2018 for Police, Fire, Public Works, Golf, and Administration was 260 people.[128]

Illinois Democratic Senator Adriane Johnson is a resident of Buffalo Grove. Appointed in 2020 following Terry Link's resignation, she represents part of Buffalo Grove and serves on Buffalo Grove Park Board.[129][130] An Illinois Senator who represents Buffalo Grove is Democrat Julie Morrison in the 29th state senate district.[131] In the Illinois House of Representatives, Democrats Daniel Didech and Jonathan Carroll represent the 59th and 57th districts.[132] Nationally, Democrat Brad Schneider represents Lake County Buffalo Grove in the 10th Congressional District, and Democrat Raja Krishnamoorthi represents Cook County and Buffalo Grove in the 8th Congressional District.[133] Former Buffalo Grove Village Presidents Verna L. Clayton and Sidney Mathias served in the Illinois House of Representatives.[134][135][136]

Education

Pritchett Elementary School
Adlai E. Stevenson High School

Buffalo Grove has four private schools, over ten public schools, and one public high school.

Cook County part of the village.[139]

The three districts that take students from Buffalo Grove have different histories. Since the 1840s, schools serving Buffalo Grove changed in response to the growing community. They were consolidated in 1955 under the name Aptakisic-Tripp Community Consolidated School District 102. The first school to open in Buffalo Grove was the Alcott School in 1961—now the Alcott Center—in response to growth on the Cook County side (a different district Aptakisic-Tripp).[140] The first year had 52 first-graders and six sixth graders.[36] To support the rapidly growing village, the district held referendums and successfully built Pritchett Elementary School, Tripp School, and Meridian School in the 1980s. To accommodate the continued increase in population, the district changed the configuration of the grades in the schools in 2018.[141] Buffalo Grove High School's district (Township High School District 214) almost did not pass the referendum because women's votes were not counted immediately; the referendum was eventually successful.[142]

Infrastructure

Buffalo Grove relies on multiple arterial roads. Going north-south, drivers use Milwaukee Avenue (

O'hare International Airport is approximately 20 miles (32 km) south of Buffalo Grove. Because of Lake Cook Road, the village has access to the Interstate Highway system (I-90, I-94, and I-294).[7]

Pace provides bus service on multiple routes with a hub at the Buffalo Grove Metra station.[143]

Metra

Buffalo Grove station in June 2021.

Since its creation in 1996, the

Union Station.[144]
The station is 32 miles (51 km) away from the southern terminus of the line Union Station.[145] In Metra's zone-based fare system, Buffalo Grove is in zone F.[146] As of 2018, Buffalo Grove is the 76th busiest of Metra's 236 non-downtown stations, with an average of 695 weekday boardings, making it the most trafficked station on the North Central Service.[147] The train station is just east of the intersection of Weiland Road and Deerfield Parkway.[148]

The

Lake Cook Road Metra Station.[149]

Utilities

Buffalo Grove Post Office

Water in Buffalo Grove is from

water meters of private residents.[150][151][152] There is a Stormwater Utility Fee for Buffalo Grove owning and maintaining the Stormwater Management System, composed of storm sewers, creeks, waterways, and detention areas.[153]

Buffalo Grove operates on an exclusive contract with

Waste Management, Inc. for solid waste disposal.[154] This contract includes "At Your Door (AYD) Service," which allows a pick-up of hazardous and difficult-to-recycle materials, such as electronics, televisions, paint, and chemicals.[155] In 2004, the Village of Buffalo Grove Public Works Department received national accreditation from the American Public Works Association, the second agency to earn recognition in Illinois.[156]

Notable people

Several actors, actresses, and musicians are from Buffalo Grove.

Rob Sherman, an atheist activist, perennial candidate and businessman, lived in Buffalo Grove for 32 years.[163] Olympic judoka Irwin Cohen was from Buffalo Grove, as is his son judoka Aaron Cohen.[164][165]

See also

Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Chicagoland.

References

  1. ^ Sources give ranges of 26,[5] 30,[6] and 35 miles[7]
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Bibliography

Further reading

External links

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