Bugō
Bugō (武号, Japanese: [bɯgoː]) are nicknames used in the Japanese martial arts. The word is composed of the symbols 武 (bu, meaning "martial") and 号 (gō, meaning "name"). In English, the term is sometimes translated as "martial name" or "warrior name"[1][2] with similar equivalents in other languages.[3]
Cultural origin
As
In China's
During the
For example,
As with patronymic personal names and Yagō, it is common for students to include a character from the teacher's Bugō as a mark of respect and to ensure continuity of the lineage.[14] In many cases the name would not be chosen by the practitioner/student, but chosen for them by the teacher - see many examples below.
Similar customs can be found outside Asia: for example
Examples/types
The Bugei Ryūha Daijiten directory of historical martial arts schools lists Bugō for many within the various lineages.[citation needed]
The grandmasters of Shin-no-shin Ishikawa-ryū always included the character 源 in their Bugō to indicate their founder's descent from the Minamoto clan.
Ittō-ryū's founder Itō Kagehisa used the name "Ittō-sai" (一刀斎).
Tenshin Shōden Katori Shintō-ryū founder Iizasa Ienao used the name "Chōi-sai" (長威斎).
Yagyū Munetoshi of the Shinkage-ryū used the name "Sekishū-sai" (石舟斎).
The character
Daitō-ryū Aiki-jūjutsu's founder Takeda Sōkaku used the Bugō "Minamoto Masayoshi" (源正義).[18]
His student Yamamoto Tomekichi, founder of Mugen Shintō-ryū, was granted one character from Sōkaku's birth name 惣角, and one from his Bugō 源正義, combining them to make Kakuyoshi (角義). He also had a "-sai name", Ittō-sai (一刀斎) - coincidentally the same as that of Itō Kagehisa as seen above.
Furuoka Masaru, founder of Musō-ryū Iaigiri-dō, used the Bugō "Nitō-sai" (二刀斎) - another "-sai name", this time preceded with "two swords" instead of the Ittō-sai "one sword" meaning.
Bujinkan grandmaster Masaaki Hatsumi has used different Bugō at different stages in his life (e.g. Byakuryū, Toratsugu, Tetsuzan, Hisamune),[19] as did his teacher, Toshitsugu Takamatsu (e.g. Kikaku, Chōsui, Mōko no Tora).[20][21] Those training in this art are frequently awarded Bugō when they reach 5th dan (instructor) level. Many of the names include either the character 龍 (ryū, dragon) or 虎 (ko, tiger), both derived from past names of Hatsumi and Takamatsu (e.g. Unryū 雲龍 = Cloud Dragon,[22] Kiryū 輝龍 = Shining Dragon,[23] Hiryū 飛龍 = Flying Dragon,[24] Nanko = Southern Tiger).[25] The combination of the two, 龍虎 (Ryūko) was awarded to Major Joe Vaughan.[26] Most variants include animals (e.g. Shirokuma = Polar Bear,[27] Taka Seigi = Hawk Justice,[28] Isamu Koma 勇駒 = brave horse,[29] Byakko 白狐 = White Fox,[30] Ōzaru = Great Ape).[31]
Former students of Hatsumi similarly use martial names, e.g. Fumio "Unsui" Manaka,[32] Tsunehisa 'Shōtō' Tanemura.[33] Satō Kinbei, a rather controversial figure who claimed also to have studied under Takamatsu, used the Bugō (and "-sai name") "Jūshinsai" (柔心斎) and passed this to his daughter Chizuko, who became the "2nd generation Jūshinsai".[34] Kimura Masaji, another claiming to have studied under Takamatsu, used the Bugō "Masakatsu" (正勝).[35][36] Students of Stephen K. Hayes's To-Shin Do are awarded warrior names on promotion to 3rd Dan, e.g. Kevin "Keitoshi" Casey.[37]
The Tenshin ryū website lists five instructors with Bugō, each granted to them by previous masters.
Shiina Kazue, grandmaster of Hokushin Ittō-ryū, uses the Bugō "Naritane" (成胤). The character 胤 (-tane) is common to several generations of grandmaster in this school.
Hidemine Jibiki, president of the All Japan Soft-Style Martial Arts Federation uses the Bugō "Buhō" (武峰).[38]
Nakajima Shōhitsu, grandmaster of Shinkage-ryū, used the Bugō "Shōun" (勝雲). Seven of the past eight in the lineage have used the character 勝 (meaning "to win") in their names.[39]
In the Kidōkan Iaidō Dōjō in Osaka, new Dan grades are awarded Bugō such as 不聆庵 [40]
See also
- Nom de guerre
- sumowrestlers
- Yagō, pseudonyms used by Japanese actors or merchants
- Stage name (a.k.a. screen name)
- Pen name
References
- ISBN 9781475936353. Retrieved 25 July 2018.
- ^ "Nicknames". Martial Arts Planet. Retrieved 25 July 2018.
- ^ "GLOSSARIO" (PDF). Bujinkan Torino Rakuyū Dōjō. Retrieved 7 June 2019.
- ^ Frazer, James George (1922). The golden bough; a study in magic and religion. New York: The Macmillan Company. pp. 244-262. Retrieved 7 June 2019.
- ISBN 9781622735570. Retrieved 7 June 2019.
- ISBN 9781567205251. Retrieved 7 June 2019.
- ^ Collazo, Anja M. (2017). "Japanese personal names as social markers of rank and individuality in premodern and contemporary times". Beiträge zur Namenforschung. 52 (3). Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag WINTER GmbH: 251.
- ISBN 9781626164772. Retrieved 7 June 2019.
- ^ Hays, Jeffrey (August 2012). "Japanese Names, Titles, First Names, Family Names and Hankos". factsanddetails.com.
- ^ Krotoski, Aleks (19 April 2012). "Online identity: is authenticity or anonymity more important?". The Guardian. Retrieved 7 June 2019.
- ISBN 9789811373763. Retrieved 7 June 2019.
- ISBN 9781440842719. Retrieved 7 June 2019.
- ^ "小倉碑文". www.geocities.jp (in Japanese). Archived from the original on 23 March 2019. Retrieved 26 July 2018.
- ^ "主君から「字」をもらう風習|名前の話04". 59'S 日々是口実 (in Japanese). Retrieved 7 June 2019.
- ^ Boas, Franz; Hunt, George (1921). Ethnology of the Kwakiutl, based on data collected by George Hunt. Washington, Government Printing Office. pp. 828–829, 1365–1366. Retrieved 20 January 2020.
- ISBN 9780226680576. Retrieved 7 June 2019.
- ^ "戒名". 「いい仏壇」 (in Japanese). Retrieved 25 July 2018.
- ^ "合気揚げの秘密と時代背景". www.daitouryu.net (in Japanese). Archived from the original on 15 May 2016. Retrieved 25 July 2018.
- ^ "Los "Bugo" de Hatsumi Sôke". Bushi Dojo Blog - Artes Marciales y más (in European Spanish). 22 June 2012. Retrieved 25 July 2018.
- ISBN 9780809247240. Retrieved 7 June 2019.
- ^ "Grandmasters". Genbukan Chiryaku Dojo. Retrieved 25 July 2018.
- ^ González, Pedro Fleitas. "Bujinkan Unryū Dōjō". www.bujinkanpedrofleitas.com. Retrieved 25 July 2018.
- ^ Esteve, Alex. "SOBRE EL NOMBRE DEL DOJO". cife.group. Retrieved 7 June 2019.
- ^ Santantonio, Giuseppe (13 January 2015). "ISHIZUKA TETSUJI". Bujinkantarantodojo's Blog (in Italian). Retrieved 7 June 2019.
- ^ "Instructor 師範". Bujinkan Tasmania Dojo. Retrieved 25 July 2018.
- ^ "About Bujinkan Ryuko Dojo". Bujinkan Ryuko Dojo. Retrieved 25 July 2018.
- ^ Cousergue, Arnaud. "Shiro Kuma".
- ^ "Phil Legare — Taka Seigi". Taka Seigi Dōjō. Archived from the original on 30 September 2018. Retrieved 25 July 2018.
- ^ "Shihan Luca Lanaro". bujin.altervista.org. Retrieved 7 June 2019.
- ^ Hvid, René (5 March 2011). "The Budo of My Life". Byakko Shinden. Retrieved 7 June 2019.
- ^ "Ben Jones: Ōzaru". www.ozaru.net. Retrieved 25 July 2018.
- ^ "Jinenkan Honbu Dojo". www.jinenkan.com. Archived from the original on 11 July 2018. Retrieved 25 July 2018.
- ^ "Grandmaster Shoto Tanemura". Genbukan Umineko Dōjō. Retrieved 25 July 2018.
- ^ Satō, Chizuko. "jujutsu.com". www.jujutsu.com (in Japanese). Retrieved 10 October 2018.
- ^ "恩師紹介". www.genbukan.com. Retrieved 7 June 2019.
- ^ "Kimura Masaji 木村正治 (student of Takamatsu Sensei)". YouTube. 26 March 2017. Retrieved 7 June 2019.
- ^ "New Titles and Backlist Highlights Fall 2013" (PDF). Tuttle. 2013. p. 68. Retrieved 7 June 2019.
- ^ "中国柔挙演武大会" (PDF) (in Japanese). Retrieved 25 July 2018.
- ^ "神影流武道場 - 道場紹介". www.shinkageryu-budoujyo.com (in Japanese). Retrieved 25 July 2018.
- ^ "稽古日月抄-:[不聆庵」という武号". 夢の浮雲 (in Japanese). 真剣道・基道館. Retrieved 7 June 2019.
External links
- 「号」の文化について - Japanese language article from Tenshin-ryū about the history of martial names
- 和号と庵号と武号 - Japanese language article by Takeharu Bruce Nakadai (Bugō: Hekishū-sai 碧洲齋) from 不動庵 about the thought process behind giving martial names to students