Bukhar Khudahs
Bukhar Khudahs βuxārak Xwaday | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| before 681–890s | |||||||
Christianity, Islam) | |||||||
| Government | Monarchy | ||||||
| Bukhar Khudah | |||||||
• ???-681 | Bidun (first mentioned ruler) | ||||||
• ???-890s | Abu Ishaq Ibrahim (last) | ||||||
| Historical era | Samanid conquest | 890s | |||||
| |||||||
The Bukhar Khudahs or Bukhar Khudats (
Isma'il ibn Ahmad
, who incorporated Bukhara into the Samanid state.
Etymology
The word “Bukhar” means Bukhara, while “khuda” means “lord”. Thus the word means “the lord of Bukhara”.
History
The founding date of the Bukhar Khudahs remains unknown; the 10th-century
Samarqand.[2]
In 706, a civil war erupted in Bukhara and its surrounding cities and towns; the ruler of the nearby
Khurasan, Qutayba ibn Muslim, had captured Paykand, a city near Bukhara. The city soon revolted, and the Arabs responded by sacking the city. The brutality of the sack of Paykand shocked the Sogdian world, and led the nobles of Bukhara under Khunuk to make an alliance with the Wardan Khudah. However, during the fighting between the Arabs and Sogdians, the Wardan Khudah was killed, which probably constituted a heavy blow to the Bukhara-Wardana alliance.[3] Bukhara was shortly after captured by Qutayba, who imposed a tribute of 200,000 dirhams, and installed an Arab garrison to secure against rebellion. During the same time, another Sogdian king named Tarkhun, who was the ruler of Samarkand, acknowledged the authority of the Umayyad Caliphate.[4][5][6][7] After having settled an affair in Tokharistan
, Qutayba restored Bukhara to the young Tughshada, and the faction of Khunuk including himself were executed.
Later, in 712/3, in order to spread
Zoroastrian until their downfall.[4][8][9] Tughshada, however, still tried to achieve independence from the Umayyad Caliphate, and in 718, along with Tarkhun's successor Gurak, Narayana, the king of Kumadh, and Tish, the king of Chaghaniyan, he sent an embassy to the Tang dynasty of China, where they asked for aid against the Arabs.[10] In ca. 728, an anti-Arab revolt erupted in Bukhara, which was suppressed one year later. Tughshada was assassinated by two angry dehqan nobles in 739, and was succeeded by his son Qutayba
, who was named in honour of the Umayyad general.
In 750, the Umayyad Caliphate was conquered by the
Isma'il ibn Ahmad
. Abu Ishaq died in 913, but his descendants' royal status was still known during the lifetime of Narshakhi.
Religion
The majority of the inhabitants of Bukhara, including the rulers of the city, were Zoroastrians. However, there were also traces of
Nestorian Christianity, and even a church in Bukhara during the rule of the Bukhar Khudahs is mentioned by Narshakhi.[12]
References
- ^ Gibb 1923, p. 18.
- ^ ISBN 9780190209650.
- ^ Gibb 1923, pp. 34–35.
- ^ a b Bosworth 1986, p. 541.
- ^ Gibb 1923, pp. 35–36.
- ^ Shaban 1979, p. 65.
- ^ Wellhausen 1927, p. 435.
- ^ Gibb 1923, pp. 38–39.
- ^ Shaban 1979, p. 67.
- ^ Gibb 1923, p. 60.
- ^ a b Litvinsky & Dani 1996, p. 458.
- ^ Litvinsky & Dani 1996, p. 418.
Sources
- ISBN 90-04-07819-3.
- OCLC 685253133.
- Shaban, M. A. (1979). The 'Abbāsid Revolution. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-29534-3.
- Litvinsky, B. A.; Dani, Ahmad Hasan (1996). History of Civilizations of Central Asia: The crossroads of civilizations, A.D. 250 to 750. UNESCO. ISBN 9789231032110.
- Bosworth, C. Edmund. "BUKHARA ii. From the Arab Invasions to the Mongols". Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. IV, Fasc. 5. London et al.: C. Edmund Bosworth. pp. 513–515.
- OCLC 752790641.
- Frye, Richard N. "BUKHARA i. In Pre-Islamic Times". Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. IV, Fasc. 5. London et al.: C. Edmund Bosworth. pp. 511–513.