Bukharan People's Soviet Republic
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1920–1924 | |||||||||||
Motto: Monarchy overthrown | 2 September 1920 | ||||||||||
• Established | 8 October 1920 | ||||||||||
• Part of USSR | 27 October 1924 | ||||||||||
| |||||||||||
Today part of | Uzbekistan Tajikistan Turkmenistan |
The Bukharan People's Soviet Republic (
History
In 1868, the
Young Bukharans
The Young Bukharans faced extreme obstacles as the emirate was dominated by conservative
In March 1918, the Young Bukharan activists informed the Bolsheviks that the Bukharan people were ready for the revolution and awaiting liberation from the emir. The Red Army marched to the gates of Bukhara and demanded that the emir surrender the city to the Young Bukharans. A Russian source reports that the emir responded by killing the Bolshevik delegation and incited the population to a
However, the emir had won only a temporary respite. By August 1920 the Turkestan Bolsheviks advocated the liquidation of the Bukhara Emirate as a centre for counter-revolutionary forces. On 3 August 1920 the Bolsheviks and the Young Bukharans agreed to act together on the understanding that the Young Bukharans would join the Communist Party. On 16 August 1920 the 4th Congress of Bukharan Communist Party held in Bolshevik-controlled Chardjui decided to overthrow the emir. On 25 August 1920 the Politburo of the Russian Communist Party of Bolesheviks confirmed orders for the Revolutionary Military Council of Turkestan concerning the "Bukhara question".[1]
On 28 August 1920, an army of well-disciplined and well equipped
Bukharan People's Soviet Republic
The Bukharan People's Soviet Republic was proclaimed on 8 October 1920 under Fayzulla Xoʻjayev. In Soviet terminology, the republic was a "revolutionary-democratic dictatorship of the proletariat and the peasantry", a transition stage to a Soviet Socialist Republic. A new constitution was adopted in September 1921, which, contrary to the Russian Constitution of 1918, allowed private ownership of land and productive assets and granted voting rights to non-proletarians (although relatives of the deposed emir, former emirate officials, and large landowners could not vote).[3]
The overthrow of the emir was the impetus for the
During the first few years of the Russian Revolution,
The above was reflected in the Bukharan People's Soviet Republic's flag, as designed upon its foundation, combining the Communist
Bukharan Socialist Soviet Republic
From 19 September 1924 to 27 October 1924, the Republic was known as the Bukharan Socialist Soviet Republic (Bukharan SSR). When new national boundaries were drawn up in 1924, the Bukharan SSR voted itself out of existence and became part of the new Uzbek SSR. Today the territory of the defunct Bukhara SSR lies mostly in Uzbekistan with parts in Tajikistan and Turkmenistan.
Khojaev, despite his Jadid background, became the first President of the Uzbek SSR. He was later purged and executed in the 1930s together with much of the intelligentsia of Central Asia.
Political leaders
Name | Took office | Left office | Party | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Chairmen of the Central Revolutionary Committee | |||||
Mirzo Abduqodir Mansurovich Mukhitdinov | 2 September 1920 | 22 September 1921 | Communist Party of Bukhara | Styled Chairman of the Provisional Revolutionary Committee from 2 September to 6 October 1920 | |
Polat Usmon Khodzhayev | 25 September 1921 | 8 December 1921 | Communist Party of Bukhara | ||
Chairmen of the Presidium of the Central Executive Committee | |||||
Polat Usmon Khodzhayev | 23 September 1921 | 12 April 1922 | Communist Party of Bukhara | ||
Muin Jon Aminov | 12 April 1922 | 18 August 1922 | Communist Party of Bukhara | ||
Porsa Khodzhayev | 18 August 1922 | 27 October 1924 | Communist Party of Bukhara | ||
Chairmen of the Council of People’s Nazirs (Ministers) | |||||
Fayzulla Xoʻjayev | 8 October 1920 | 19 April 1923 | Communist Party of Bukhara | ||
Mirzo Abduqodir Mansurovich Mukhitdinov | 15 June 1923 | 27 October 1924 | Communist Party of Bukhara |
Geography of partition
The Bukharan People's Soviet Republic (Bukharan PSR) had an area of 182,193 km2 (70,345 sq mi) and a population of more than 2.2 million people, mainly
The People's Republic, like the Emirate of Bukhara that it succeeded, was divided into West Bukhara, including the cities of Bukhara and
See also
References
- ^ a b c (in Russian) B. A. Antonenko (ed.): History of the Tajik People: The Transition to Socialism (1917–1937), Institute of History, Academy of Sciences of Tajik SSR, Nauka Publ. House, Moscow 1964.
- ^ The Bukhara Republic (1920–1924)[permanent dead link], Southern Uzbekistan Historical Database.
- ^ a b Bukharan People's Soviet Republic, Big Soviet Encyclopedia on-line edition. Retrieved 10 February 2009.