Bukharian (Judeo-Tajik dialect)
Bukharian | |
---|---|
בוכארי, бухорӣ, buxorī | |
Native to | Israel, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Afghanistan |
Ethnicity | Bukharan Jews |
Native speakers | 117,840 in all countries (2018–2019)[1] |
Hebrew, Cyrillic, Latin | |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 | bhh |
Glottolog | bukh1238 |
ELP | Bukhori |
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Bukharian (autonym: Bukhori, Hebrew script: בוכארי, Cyrillic: бухорӣ, Latin: Buxorī)
General information
Historically, Bukharian was spoken by Jews in Central Asia.
Bukhori is based on
In 1987, the total number of speakers was 85,000. In the USSR, there were 45,000 speakers; in Israel, there were 32,000; and in all other countries combined, there were 3,000.[2] Ethnic Tajik minorities exist in many countries, such as Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Uzbekistan. Samarkand and Bukhara are two cities in Uzbekistan which are particularly densely populated by Tajik speakers,[8] among whom were tens of thousands of Bukharan Jews in the 19th to 20th centuries.[9] (In modern times, the dialects spoken by the few remaining Jews in these cities barely differ, if at all, from their non-Jewish counterparts.[10])
Today, the language is spoken by approximately 10,000
Like most
Early in the Soviet period,
Attempts were made to bring about a revival of Bukharian Jewish culture in the Soviet Union. One significant attempt was the establishment of a council for Bukharian Jewish literature in the Uzbekistan Writers’ Union, headed by Aharon Shalamaev-Fidoi (who emigrated to Israel in 1991). Another significant attempt was the Hoverim society established in Tajikistan and headed by Professor Datkhaev (Datkhaev emigrated to the US in 1992).[12] The main organizational supporter for Bukharian Jewish culture today is the World Bukharian Jewish Congress, which aims to teach and spread awareness of the history, culture, language, and literature of the Bukharian Jews. Based on the Soviet census of 1979, 20% more Central Asian Jews spoke Russian than Bukharian.[2]
Among some Bukharian Jewish youth, especially in the New York City area, there has been a revival of using the Bukharian Jewish language written in a modified Latin alphabet similar to the one developed by Bukharian Jewish linguist and writer, Yakub Kalontarov.[citation needed] Today, youth learning the Bukharian Jewish language sponsored by the Achdut-Unity Club in Queens use the modified Latin alphabet.[citation needed]
Classes on Bukharian Jewish history and the Bukhori language are also available at Queens College, CUNY since 2010, marking the first time that Bukhori has been taught in an American university. The classes are taught by Bukharian adjunct professor Imanuel Rybakov.[13] Rybakov has also authored a guide to learning the Bukharian language for English speakers.[14]
See also
References
- ^ Bukharian at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022)
- ^ a b c d e Tolmas, Chana. 2006. Bukharan Jews: history, language, literature, culture. Israel: World Bukharian Jewish Congress.
- ^ Ehrlich, M. Avrum, ed. (2009). "Caucasus and Central Asia". Encyclopedia of the Jewish Diaspora: Origins, Experiences, and Culture. ABC-CLIO. p. 1124.
Bukharan Jews spoke a dialect of Tajik referred to as Bukhori or Judeo-Tajik, which is still used by Bukharan Jews today.
- ISBN 978-0-71009-128-4.
- .
The term 'the Jewish dialect of Tajik' is often used interchangeably with such terms as Judeo-Tadzhik, Judeo-Tajik, Bukhori, Bukhari, Bukharic, Bukharan, Bukharian, and Bukharit (Cooper 2012:284) in the literature.
- ^ a b Birnbaum, Salomo A. 2011. Ein Leben für die Wissenschaft. Germany: De Gruyter.
- ^ Michael Shterenshis, Tamerlane and the Jews p. 85
- ^ Ido, Shinji. 2007. Bukharan Tajik. E.C.: LINCOM EUROPA.
- ^ Ido, Shinji. 2017. A late 19th-century Uzbek text in Hebrew script p. 218
- ^ Ido, Shinji. 2017. The Vowel System of Jewish Bukharan Tajik: With Special Reference to the Tajik Vowel Chain Shift p. 84
- ^ "Bukhori (бухорӣ / בוכארי / بخاری) language". www.omniglot.com.
- ^ Tolmas 2006, 69–70
- ^ "Saving Bukharian Jewish History – CUNY Radio Podcasts – CUNY". www1.cuny.edu. Retrieved 2017-02-10.
- ISBN 9781936755004.
External links
- Learn Basic Bukhori
- Endangered Languages Project
- Noni padar (Father's bread)
- MULOQAND
- Music Examples
- More Music Examples
- Bukharian Poem
- Grisha Abramov Bukharian Jews Miami speech in Bukhoric Bukharan
- Torah Lectures in Bukharian Language
Notes
- ^ also known as Judeo-Tajik, Judeo-Tadzhik, Bukhari, Bukharic, Bukharan and Bukharit