Macedonian Bulgarians

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Not to be confused with Bulgarians in North Macedonia, Slavic speakers of Greek Macedonia, or Ethnic Macedonians in Bulgaria.

Tsar of Bulgaria
and Bulgarian by birth, and his subjects were Bulgarians.
Konstantin Asen
who was a Bulgarian Tsar (1257-1277).
Paisius of Hilandar (1722-1773) from Bansko
.
Stefan Verkovic
.
Girls in a Bulgarian Girls' High School of Thessaloniki, 1882.
Свобода или смърть. The insurgents flew Bulgarian flags everywhere.[1][2]
Southern Macedonia after the Second Balkan War
.
Bulgarian students greeting the IMRO revolutionary Kosta Tsipushev by his return, after the Bulgarian annexation of Vardar Macedonia in 1941.
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Macedonians[3] or Macedonian Bulgarians[4] (Bulgarian: македонци or македонски българи), sometimes also referred to as Macedono-Bulgarians,[5] Macedo-Bulgarians,[6] or Bulgaro-Macedonians[7] are a regional, ethnographic group of ethnic Bulgarians,[8][9][10] inhabiting or originating from the region of Macedonia. Today, the larger part of this population is concentrated in Blagoevgrad Province but much is spread across the whole of Bulgaria and the diaspora.

History

See also: Demographic history of Macedonia

Ottoman period

The

Macedonian Greeks and Serbs followed, in general, the directives coming from their respective centers of national agitation, while by the Bulgarians the term Macedonian was acquiring the significance of a certain political loyalty, that progressively constructed a particular spirit of regional identity.[17]

After the Balkan wars

The

Politis-Kalfov Protocol). Within Greece, the Macedonian Slavs were designated "Slavophone Greeks", while within Serbia (later within Yugoslavia) they were officially treated as "South Serbs". In both countries, schools and the media were used to disseminate the national ideologies and identities, and also the languages, of the new ruling nations, the Greeks and the Serbs. These cultural measures were reinforced by steps to alter the composition of the population: Serb colonists were implanted in Yugoslav Macedonia, while in Greek Macedonia, the mass settlement of Greek refugees from Anatolia definitively reduced the Slav population to minority status.[18]

Formation of a separate Macedonian identity

Despite some attempts to differentiate a Slavic Macedonian identity from the Bulgarian one since the end of the 19th century, and despite the nebulous national consciousness of the mass of the Slavic population, most researchers agree that the bulk of the Slavic population in the region had a Bulgarian national identity until the early 1940s, when the

politically motivated and later reinforced by strong Bulgarophobia and Yugoslavism.[26] The new authorities began a policy of removing of any Bulgarian influence and creating a distinct Slavic consciousness that would inspire identification with Yugoslavia.[21]

With the proclamation of the new

Macedonized or Hellenized.[31]

Nevertheless, people with Bulgarian consciousness or Bulgarophile sentiments still live in North Macedonia and Greece.[32][33] During the last years the EU membership of Bulgaria has seen more than 50,000 Macedonians applying for Bulgarian citizenship.[34] In order to obtain it they must sign a statement declaring they are Bulgarians by origin. More than 90,000 Macedonian nationals have already received Bulgarian citizenship.[35] However, this phenomenon can not give precise information about how many Macedonian nationals consider themselves Bulgarians in ethnic sense, because it is widely believed that this phenomenon is caused primarily for economic reasons.[36]

Historical Demographics

In the

Republic of North Macedonia
identified, as follows:

Orthodox Christian ethnoconfessional groups as per 1881-82 Ottoman Census[37]
Kaza1 Bulgarian
Exarchist 		Greek/Serbian Patriarchist
Number % Number %
Köprülü / Veles 32,843 98.7 420 1.3
Tikveş 21,319 98.8 260 1.2
Gevgili / Gevgelija 5,784 28.4 14,558 71.6
Toyran / Dojran 5,605 77.0 1,591 22.1
Usturumca/ Strumica 2,974 17.8 13,726 82.2
Üsküp / Skopje 22,497 77.2 6,655 22.8
Karatova / Kratovo 19,618 81.8 4,332 18.1
Kumanova / Kumanovo 29,478 70.1 12,268 29.9
Planka/ Kriva Palanka 18,196 97.9 388 2.1
İştip / Štip 17,575 100 0 -
Kaçana / Kočani 33,120 99.8 83 0.8
Radovişt / Radoviš 7,364 100.0 0 -
Kalkandelen / Tetovo 9,830 66.3 4,990 33.7
Monastir / Bitola 61,494 60.0 41,077 40.0
Ohri / Ohrid 33,306 91.6 3,049 8.4
Pirlepe / Prilep 43,763 97.2 1,248 2.8
Kirçova / Kičevo 20,879 99.7 64 0.3
Republic of North Macedonia borders 385,645 81.4 88,229 18.6
1 The kaza of Dibra did not participate in the census.
Orthodox Christians by church allegiance in the Sanjaks of Üsküb, Monastir, Salonika, Siroz and Drama as per the 1881-82[37] and 1905-06 Ottoman Census[38]
Sanjak Bulgarian
Exarchist 1881-82 		Greek/Serb Patriarchist 1881-02 Total Orthodox 1881-82 Bulgarian
Exarchist 1906-07 		Greek/Serb Patriarchist 1906-07 Total Orthodox 1906-07
Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number %
Sanjak of Üsküb
 147,848 95.3 7,248 4.7 155,096 100.00 181,123 86.9 27,290 13.1 208,413 100.00
Sanjak of Monastir 162,796 69.2 72,600 30.8 235,396 100.00 161,958 61.2 102,602 38.8 264,560 100.00
Sanjak of Salonica 95,807 33.2 192,444 66.8 288,251 100.00 92,752 30.5 211,389 69.5 304,141 100.00
Sanjak of Siroz 123,437 63.4 70,459 36.6 193,896 100.00 131,476 61.5 82,334 38.5 213,810 100.00
Sanjak of Drama 3,440 19.4 14,324 80.6 17,764 100.00 5,194 13.9 32,307 86.1 37,501 100.00
Five Macedonian Sanjaks 533,328 59.9 357,075 40.1 890,403 100.00 572,503 55.7 455,922 44.3 1,028,425 100.00

See also

References

  1. ^ National military history museum of Bulgaria, fond 260
  2. ISBN 0-253-21359-2
    . Retrieved 29 November 2014.
  3. ISBN 0-8057-8413-6
    , p. 212.
  4. ISBN 0-674-37512-2
    , p. 691.
  5. ISBN 3-484-60346-1
    , p. 143.
  6. ISBN 0-521-62096-1
    ,p. 107.
  7. ^ Marinov, Tchavdar (2009). "We, the Macedonians: The Paths of Macedonian Supra-Nationalism (1878–1912)". In Diana Mishkova (ed.). We, the People: Politics of National Peculiarity in Southeastern Europe. Budapest / New York: CEU Press. p. 116.
  8. ^ Етнография на Македония (Извори и материали в два тома), Автор: Колектив под редакцията на доц. Маргарита Василева, Обем: 853 стр. Издател: Българска Академия на Науките, Година: 1992.
  9. ^ Sources of Bulgarian Ethnography. Volume 3. Ethnography of Macedonia. Materials from the Archive Heritage. Sofia, 1998; Publication: Ethnologia Bulgarica. Yearbook of Bulgarian Ethnology and Folklore (2/2001) Author Name: Nikolova, Vanya; Language: English, Subject: Anthropology, Issue: 2/2001,Page Range: 143-144
  10. ^ Groups of Bulgarian population and ethnographic groups, Publication: Bulgarian Ethnology (3/1987ч Author: Simeonova, Gatya; Language: Bulgarian, Subject: Anthropology, Issue: 3/1987, Page Range: 55-63
  11. ISBN 1-85065-534-0
    , p. 19-20.
  12. ^ Средновековни градови и тврдини во Македонија, Иван Микулчиќ, Македонска академија на науките и уметностите – Скопје, 1996, стр. 72.
  13. ^ Formation of the Bulgarian Nation, Academician Dimitŭr Simeonov Angelov, Summary, Sofia-Press, 1978, pp. 413–415.
  14. ^ Center for Documentation and Information on Minorities in Europe, Southeast Europe (CEDIME-SE) – "Macedonians of Bulgaria", p. 14. Archived 2006-07-23 at the Wayback Machine
  15. ^ Bulgarians (described in encyclopaedia as "Slavs, the bulk of which is regarded by almost all independent sources as Bulgarians"): 1,150,000, whereof, 1,000,000 Orthodox and 150,000 Muslims (the so-called Pomaks); Turks: c. 500,000 (Muslims); Greeks: c. 250,000, whereof c. 240,000 Orthodox and 14,000 Muslims; Albanians: c. 120,000, whereof 10,000 Orthodox and 110,000 Muslims; Vlachs: c. 90,000 Orthodox and 3,000 Muslims; Jews: c. 75,000; Roma: c. 50,000, whereof 35,000 Orthodox and 15,000 Muslims; In total 1,300,000 Christians (almost exclusively Orthodox), 800,000 Muslims, 75,000 Jews, a total population of c. 2,200,000 for the whole of Macedonia.
  16. ^ Journal of Modern Greek Studies 14.2 (1996) 253-301 Nationalism and Identity Politics in the Balkans: Greece and the Macedonian Question by Victor Roudometof.
  17. ISBN 963-9776-28-9
    , p. 108.
  18. ^ Nationality on the Balkans. The case of the Macedonians, by F. A. K. Yasamee. (Balkans: A Mirror of the New World Order, Istanbul: EREN, 1995; pp. 121-132.
  19. ISBN 1-85065-492-1
    , p. 67.
  20. ISBN 978-1-85065-238-0
    , pp. 101; p. 109.
  21. ^
    ISBN 0-8153-4058-3
    , p. 808.
  22. ISBN 0-691-04356-6
  23. ^ Stephen Palmer, Robert King, Yugoslav Communism and the Macedonian question,Hamden, CT Archon Books, 1971, p.p.199-200
  24. ISBN 0-19-923768-9
    , p. 65.
  25. ^ The Macedonian Conflict: Ethnic Nationalism in a Transnational World, Page 87 by Loring M. Danforth.
  26. ^ Mirjana Maleska. Editor-in-chief. With eyes of the others - about Macedonian-Bulgarian relations and the Macedonian national identity. New Balkan Politics - Journal of Politics. Issue 6. Archived 2007-09-24 at the Wayback Machine
  27. ^
    ISBN 1-85065-663-0
    .
  28. ^
    ISBN 1-86064-841-X
    .
  29. ^ V, Joseph. The Communist Party of Bulgaria; Origins and Development, 1883-1936. Columbia University Press. p. 126.
  30. ISBN 1-56072-305-X
    .
  31. ISBN 0-918618-72-X
    , p. 361.
  32. ISBN 1-85065-663-0
    , p. 122.
  33. ISBN 954-8187-27-2
    .
  34. ^ 53.000 МАКЕДОНЦИ ЧЕКААТ БУГАРСКИ ПАСОШ, ВЛАСТИТЕ САКААТ ДА ГО СКРАТАТ РОКОТ НА 6 МЕСЕЦИ
  35. ^ Над 70 000 македонци имат българско гражданство
  36. ISBN 1443888494
    , p. 347.
  37. ^ a b Karpat, K.H. (1985). Ottoman population, 1830-1914: demographic and social characteristics. Madison, Wis: University of Wisconsin Pres. pp. 134–135, 140–141, 144–145.
  38. ^ Tilbe, Özgür (2018). "Hilmi Pasha's Tenure as Inspector-General in Rumelia (1902-1908) / Hüseyin Hilmi Paşa'nın Rumeli Umumî Müfettişliği (1902-1908)" (PDF) (in Turkish). p. 132.
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