Buncrana
Buncrana
Bun Cranncha | ||
---|---|---|
Town | ||
Eircode routing key F93 | ||
Telephone area code | +353(0)74 | |
Irish Grid Reference | C346320 |
Year | Pop. | ±% |
---|---|---|
1821 | 198 | — |
1831 | 1,059 | +434.8% |
1841 | 961 | −9.3% |
1851 | 797 | −17.1% |
1861 | 686 | −13.9% |
1871 | 755 | +10.1% |
1881 | 764 | +1.2% |
1891 | 735 | −3.8% |
1901 | 1,316 | +79.0% |
1911 | 1,848 | +40.4% |
1926 | 2,309 | +24.9% |
1936 | 2,295 | −0.6% |
1946 | 2,729 | +18.9% |
1951 | 3,039 | +11.4% |
1956 | 3,064 | +0.8% |
1961 | 3,165 | +3.3% |
1966 | 3,115 | −1.6% |
1971 | 3,334 | +7.0% |
1981 | 3,938 | +18.1% |
1986 | 4,131 | +4.9% |
1991 | 4,388 | +6.2% |
1996 | 4,805 | +9.5% |
2002 | 5,271 | +9.7% |
2006 | 5,911 | +12.1% |
2011 | 6,839 | +15.7% |
2016 | 6,785 | −0.8% |
2022 | 6,971 | +2.7% |
[1][2] |
Buncrana (/ˈbʌnkrænə/ bun-KRA-NA; Irish: Bun Cranncha, meaning "foot of the (River) Crana") is a town in County Donegal, Ireland. It is beside Lough Swilly on the Inishowen peninsula, 23 kilometres (14 mi) northwest of Derry and 43 kilometres (27 mi) north of Letterkenny.[3] In the 2022 census, the population was 6,971,[1] making it the second most populous town in County Donegal, after Letterkenny, and the largest in Inishowen.
Buncrana is the historic home of the O'Doherty clan and originally developed around the defensive tower known as O'Doherty's Keep at the mouth of the River Crana. The town moved to its present location just south of the River Crana when George Vaughan built the main street in 1718.
The town was a major centre for the textile industry in County Donegal from the 19th century until the mid-2000s (decade).
History
O'Doherty's Keep
On the northern bank of the River Crana as it enters Lough Swilly sits the three-storey O'Doherty's Keep, which is the only surviving part of an original 14th-century Norman castle. The first two levels of the keep were built after 1333.[4][5] In 1601 the O'Doherty's Keep was described as being a small, two-storey castle, inhabited by Conor McGarret O'Doherty. In 1602 the third level was added and it was upgraded by Hugh Boy O'Doherty as an intended base for Spanish military aid that hoped to land at Inch.[5]
The keep was burned by Crown forces in 1608 in reprisal for
In 1718, Buncrana Castle was built by George Vaughan, it was one of the first big manor houses built in Inishowen, and stone was taken from the bawn, or defensive wall, surrounding O'Doherty's Keep to build it. It was erected on the original site of Buncrana, which had grown up in the shadow of the keep. Vaughan moved the town to its present location, where he founded the current main street and built the Castle Bridge (a six-arched stone single lane bridge) across the River Crana leading to his Castle.[7]
During the
One of the oldest remaining inhabited residences in Buncrana is a Georgian property called Westbrook House, situated at the entrance to Swan Park just north of the town centre of Buncrana. The house was built in 1807 by Judge Wilson, who also built the single-arch stone bridge (referred to as Wilson's Bridge) leading to the house and the entrance to Swan Park.
19th century
The town was often the focal point for unrest in the surrounding areas as rural peasants protested against evictions and rent increases. In 1834, unrest broke out when local residents tried to expel various landlord agents from the area. The names of individual agents were posted on the church doors in Buncrana by a "Captain Wright" warning that the agents risked death if they continued to live in the area. The unrest forced the administration in Dublin Castle to station troops in the towns of Buncrana, Clonmany and Carndonagh.[9]
Communal relations between Protestant and Catholic communities were tense and on occasions led to violence. In November 1833, communal tensions broke out. The houses of local Protestants were attacked and the windows of their houses were smashed.[10]
During the second half of the 19th century, the town developed a significant tourism industry. Tourists, particularly from Derry, were able to access the town through the Londonderry and Lough Swilly Railway.[11]
20th century
In October 1905, Buncrana was the first town in County Donegal to receive electricity. It was generated at Swan Mill which continued to provide
On 30 July 1922, during the
Buncrana was the object of public attention in 1972, when after Operation Motorman it became the place of refuge for many Provisional Irish Republican Army members from Derry. In 1991, a local Sinn Féin councillor, Eddie Fullerton, was murdered by Loyalist paramilitaries from the Ulster Defence Association (UDA).[13] In a documentary that aired a month later, it was alleged that members of the Royal Ulster Constabulary had leaked a classified intelligence file related to Fullerton to UDA paramilitaries, which allegedly resulted in his murder.[14]
In March 2016, Buncrana again came to public attention when five people of the same family died after their car slipped off Buncrana Pier into the waters of Lough Swilly. Only a 4-month-old baby girl survived when the driver, Sean McGrotty, passed his daughter through a window to a passer-by who swam out to help.[15][16][17][18][19] On 23 November 2017 an inquest found that McGrotty died by 'misadventure', as the post-mortem results showed that he was more than three times over the drink drive limit.[20]
Politics
Local
Buncrana Town Council was the Local Authority for the town and provided an extensive range of services in the area. These services ranged from planning control, the provision of social housing, the upkeep and improvement of roads, and the maintenance of parks, beaches and public open spaces. The Town Council was abolished in June 2014 when the
National
Buncrana is part of the Donegal (Dáil constituency) since 2016. Previously it was part of the Donegal North-East constituency of Dáil Éireann.
Geography
Buncrana is located on the eastern shore of Lough Swilly in north County Donegal. The main urban area of the town is situated between the Crana River to the north and the Mill River to the south. The principal street follows a rough north–south route and is divided into Upper and Lower Main Street by Market Square. The Main Street has a one-way traffic system. The River Crana is crossed by four bridges: Castle Bridge (which gives vehicular access to Buncrana Castle and pedestrian access to Swan Park), Westbrook Bridge (officially, Wilson's Bridge), the new Cockhill Bridge (officially opened in 2018[23]) and the old Cockhill Bridge (now a pedestrian bridge). The Mill River, south of the town, is crossed by two bridges: Victoria Bridge (known locally as the Iron Bridge) which is the main point of access to the town and the Mill Bridge which is at the end of the Mill Brae road at the south end of the town.
Geology
The underlying bedrock includes
Climate
Buncrana, like the rest of Ireland, has a
These are the average temperature and rainfall figures between 1961 and 1990 taken at the Met Éireann weather station at Malin Head, about 35 kilometres (22 mi) northwest of Buncrana:
Climate data for Malin Head (1961–1990) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 7.6 (45.7) |
7.5 (45.5) |
8.7 (47.7) |
10.3 (50.5) |
12.7 (54.9) |
15.0 (59.0) |
16.2 (61.2) |
16.6 (61.9) |
15.3 (59.5) |
13.0 (55.4) |
9.8 (49.6) |
8.4 (47.1) |
11.8 (53.2) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 3.2 (37.8) |
2.9 (37.2) |
3.7 (38.7) |
5.0 (41.0) |
7.1 (44.8) |
9.6 (49.3) |
11.4 (52.5) |
11.4 (52.5) |
10.1 (50.2) |
8.3 (46.9) |
5.2 (41.4) |
4.2 (39.6) |
6.8 (44.3) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 114.2 (4.50) |
76.6 (3.02) |
86.5 (3.41) |
57.5 (2.26) |
58.9 (2.32) |
65.0 (2.56) |
71.8 (2.83) |
91.6 (3.61) |
102.1 (4.02) |
118.7 (4.67) |
114.7 (4.52) |
102.9 (4.05) |
1,060.5 (41.77) |
Source: Met Éireann[25] |
Transport
Buncrana railway station opened on 9 September 1864, was closed for passenger traffic on 6 September 1948, and finally closed altogether on 10 August 1953.[26]
The nearest railway station is operated by
Buncrana is connected to the rest of the
TFI Local Link routes 242 (Redcastle/Buncrana),[28] 252 (Burt/Buncrana),[29] 995 (Muff/Buncrana)[30] and 995A (Illies/Buncrana)[31] all service the town.
Local bus company McGonagle Bus and Coach operates an hourly bus service from Derry to Buncrana and vice versa. The company took over the route from
Demography
Buncrana Compared[36] | |||
---|---|---|---|
2011 Irish census | Buncrana | County Donegal | Republic of Ireland |
Total population | 6,839 | 161,137 | 4,581,269 |
Foreign born | 28.8% | 22.1% | 16.9% |
White or White Irish | 86.5% | 90.6% | 84.5% |
Black or Black Irish | 0.3% | 0.6% | 1.4% |
Asian or Asian Irish | 0.6% | 0.8% | 1.9% |
Roman Catholic | 90.9% | 85.4% | 84.3% |
No religion | 4.1% | 3.2% | 5.9% |
Ability to speak Irish | 30.0% | 38.4% | 40.6% |
Third level degree (NFQ level 7 or higher) | 19.0% | 18.2% | 20.5% |
The results of the 2022 census put the population of Buncrana at 6,971, its historical highest.[1]
At the same census, the town had 2,603 private households, 27.6% were made up of one person living alone, 15.8% were couples without children, 30.3% were couples with children, 12.6% were lone-parent families and 13.7% were classified under other categories. 3,403 were males and 3,568 females.
Around 81.7% of residents were recorded as
). The percentage of residents with no religion was 9.2%.27.6% of the town's residents were 'foreign-born'.
Of people aged 3 and over, 31.0% could speak Irish.
The percentage of people over the age of 15 whose full-time education had ceased who possessed a third-level degree (NFQ level 7 or higher) was 26.0%.
Tourism
Buncrana has a relatively strong tourism industry, and it is one of the most popular holiday destinations in the northwest of Ireland. This is possibly due to its close proximity to Derry, and also for its wide range of retail stores. It also has well-developed tourist facilities, and it serves as the main town on the Inishowen peninsula, which also helps with sustaining the tourism industry in the town.[37]
Lisfannon beach, a
Sport
Buncrana is home to many sports clubs, including clubs for soccer, Gaelic football and hurling, athletics and watersports. Football clubs based around Buncrana include Buncrana Hearts F.C., Cockhill Celtic F.C. and Illies Celtic. Buncrana Hearts and Illies Celtic play in the Inishowen Football League and Cockhill Celtic play in the Ulster Senior League.
Gaelic Football is also a popular sport in Buncrana, and the club caters for teams from Under-8 level right up to Senior level. They play their home games at the Scarvey, the team is very successful underage, winning at least two Inishowen titles the last few seasons and winning four county championships since 2000, reaching under-14 final for the past two seasons as well as the under 15s last season.
Buncrana Golf Club has the oldest 9-hole links course in Ireland.[39]
Culture
Three buildings in Buncrana are recorded on the Record of Protected Structures, namely the Drift Inn (formerly Buncrana Railway Station), Buncrana Castle and Swan Mill.[40]
Music
Buncrana's music scene is served by a number of local pubs and bars, which have live music several nights of the week.[citation needed] These include Roddens Bar, O Flaherty's and The Drift Inn, which have a mix of traditional, rock and country music.[citation needed] The annual Buncrana Music & Arts Festival takes place every 23 July in the town.[41]
The Buncrana Music and Arts Festival returned to the town in 2010, after a five-year absence. The festival included successful performances from The Coronas, The Undertones and Altan. It has recurred each year since.[citation needed]
Media
The two main local newspapers that serve the Inishowen area, the Inish Times and the Inishowen Independent, have their offices in Buncrana. Local issues in the town and peninsula are also covered in the Derry Journal. The local radio station is Highland Radio and it is based in Letterkenny.
Buncrana receives all the Irish national television and radio stations from the Saorview television network from the local Fanad television transmitter. Due to its close proximity to Derry, before the 2012 digital switchover, the town could receive the five main UK television channels from the Derry or Limavady television transmitters from the mid-1950s.
Community
Tidy Towns
In 2012, Buncrana won a silver medal in the national Tidy Towns Competition. The work of the Buncrana Lighthouse Restoration Project was also recognised when they received a Heritage Award.[42]
Youth facilities
Buncrana Youth Club is open seven days a week and provides various services such as arts, sports, drama, music and computers. It also operates summer camps and provides coaching, personal development and peer education.[43]
Buncrana Youth Drop in is located in the Plaza theatre on the Main Street and is usually open from 7pm til 10pm and provides a safe place for young people with such facilities as a pool table, internet access, TV, gaming consoles and a small shop. It also runs workshops and other youth projects.[44]
Buncrana Youth Club and Buncrana Drop in are both affiliated with Donegal Youth Service.
BreakOUT is a lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) youth organisation in County Donegal that has a local group in Buncrana. The group is open to ages from 14 to 23. The group has run various projects to promote LGBT causes in Buncrana. In 2011, positive slogans to combat homophobia were drawn on the Main Street footpath. The group meets at the Inishowen Development Partnership building on Saturdays from 7pm to 9pm.
Education
Buncrana is served by three secondary schools:
Buncrana Community Library opened in 2000 in a refurbished Presbyterian church. It won the Public Library Buildings Awards 2001 for the best small library in the converted, extended or refurbished category.[49]
People
- Ryan Bradley (Gaelic footballer), (1985 – present), 2012 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Winner with Donegal
- Daniel Devlin, (1814 – 22 February 1867), prosperous businessman and City Chamberlain of New York City
- Hugh Doherty (footballer), (1921 – 29 September 2014), Professional Irish footballer (Celtic, Blackpool, Derry City and Dundalk)
- John Doherty, (1798–1854), radical trade unionist
- Eddie Fullerton, (1935 – 25 May 1991), Sinn Féin councillor assassinated by the Ulster Defence Association
- Hanna-Barbera Recordsfrom 1965 – 1966
- Pádraig Mac Lochlainn, politician
- My Left Foot, and A Very British Coup
- Michael McCorkell, (3 May 1925 – 13 November 2006), Lord Lieutenant of County Londonderry
- Frank McGuinness, (born 29 July 1953), playwright and poet whose work includes Observe the Sons of Ulster Marching Towards the Somme
- Patrick Stone, (14 March 1854 – 23 December 1926), member of the Western Australian Legislative Assembly
- Mark Timlin, (17 November 1994 – Present), Professional footballer (Derry City and St Patrick's Athletic)
International relations
Twin towns – Sister cities
Buncrana is
Town | Geographical location | Nation | Since |
---|---|---|---|
Campbellsville
|
Kentucky | USA | 1991 |
Fréhel/Plévenon | Brittany | France | 2007 |
See also
- List of populated places in Ireland
- Buncrana Hearts F.C.
- List of RNLI stations
References
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- ^ "CSO: Census: Census Home Page". Archived from the original on 20 September 2010. Retrieved 6 July 2012. and www.histpop.org. Post 1961 figures include environs of Buncrana. For a discussion on the accuracy of pre-famine census returns see J.J. Lee "On the accuracy of the pre-famine Irish censuses" in Irish Population, Economy and Society edited by JM Goldstrom and LA Clarkson (1981) p. 54, and also "New Developments in Irish Population History, 1700–1850" by Joel Mokyr and Cormac Ó Gráda in The Economic History Review, New Series, Vol. 37, No. 4 (November , 1984), pp. 473–488.
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