Burchard of Worms
Burchard of Worms (c. 950/965 – August 20, 1025) was the
Early life
Burchard was born on c. 950–965 to a well-connected, wealthy family in the northern
.Episcopacy
Upon the death of Burchard's brother Franco in 999,
After he was appointed as Bishop of
Death
Burchard died in 1025, leaving his sister a
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Decretum
Burchard is most renowned as the compiler of a collection of 20 books of
The Decretum was much copied in the eleventh and twelfth centuries, with over 77 complete manuscripts still surviving.[5] The earliest manuscripts, made in Worms before 1023 under Burchard's own supervision, are Vatican Pal. lat. 585 and 586 (once a single book), and Frankfurt Stadt- und Universitatsbibliothek Barth. 50.
The 20 books of the Decretum are:
- 1. De primatu ecclesiae ("On the Primacy of the Church")
- 2. De sacris ordinibus ("On Holy Orders")
- 3. De aeclesiis ("On Congregations")
- 4. De baptismo ("On Baptism")
- 5. De eucharistia ("On the Eucharist")
- 6. De homicidiis ("On Homicides")
- 7. De consanguinitate ("On Consanguinity")
- 8. De viris et feminis Deo dicatis ("On Men and Women Dedicated to God")
- 9. De virginibus et viduis non velatis ("On Virgins and Widows Who Are Not Veiled")
- 10. De incantatoribus et auguribus ("On Enchanters and Augurs"; see also Canon Episcopi)
- 11. De excommunicandis ("On Those To Be Excommunicated")
- 12. De periurio ("On Perjury")
- 13. De ieiunio ("On Fasting")
- 14. De crapula et ebrietate ("On Over-Eating and Inebriety")
- 15. De laicis ("On Laity")
- 16. De accusatoribus ("On Accusers")
- 17. De fornicatione ("On Fornication")
- 18. De visitatione infirmorum ("On the Visitation of the Infirm")
- 19. De paenitentia ("On Penitence" or "Corrector Burchardi"[6](see below))
- 20. De speculationum liber ("Book on Speculations")
Book 19 is sometimes titled the "Corrector Burchardi", being a
As a source of
Lex Familiae
From 1023–25 Burchard promulgated the Leges et Statuta Familiae S. Petri Wormatiensis, also denominated the Lex Familiae Wormatiensis Ecclesiae, a compilation of customary laws that were instituted for the members of the familia of Worms, this being various free and non-free laborers of the episcopal estate in Worms. In a similar fashion, though considerably more condensed than the Decretum, the Lex delineated in 31 chapters a variety of the common, secular problems of the people of Worms during the final years of his episcopacy, including marriage, abduction, murder, theft, and perjury.
Translations
- (Pt-Br) Bragança Júnior, Álvaro & Birro, Renan M. (2016). O Corrector sive Medicus (ou Corrector Burchardi, ou Da poenitentia, c. 1000–1025) por Burcardo de Worms (c. 965–1025): apresentação e tradução latim-português dos capítulos 1–4, além das "instruções" de penitência 001 a 095, Revista Signum 17 (1), pp. 266–309.
- (Fr) Gagnon, François (2010). Le Corrector sive Medicus de Burchard de Worms (1000–1025): présentation, traduction et commentaire ethno-historique. Dissertação. Montréal: Université de Montréal, 2010.
- (En) Shiners, John (2009). Burchard of Worms's Corrector and Doctor (c. 1008-12) In: Shiners, John (ed.). Medieval Popular Religion, 1000–1500: A reader. 2. ed. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, pp. 459–470.
- (It) Picasso, Giorgio; Piana, Giannino; Motta, Giuseppe (1998). A pane e acqua: peccati e penitenze nel Medioevo – Il «Penitenziale» di Bucardo di Worms. Novara: Europia.
- (En) McNeill, John & Garner, Helena (1965). Medieval Handbooks of Penance. New York: Octagon Books, pp. 321–345.
Notes
- ^ Wormatia Sacra, Gedenkschrift zum 900. Todestag von Bischof Burchard. Dompfarrei Worms, 1925, p. 13.
- ^ "The Life of Burchard of Worms, 1025". Retrieved October 16, 2005.
- )
- ^ Spargo 1948, p. 472.
- OCLC 149166060.
- ^ Henry Charles Lea, Materials Toward a History of Witchcraft, p. 182
References
- Austin, G., ‘Jurisprudence in the Service of Pastoral Care: The “Decretum” of Burchard of Worms’, in Speculum, Vol. 79, No. 4 (Oct., 2004), pp. 929–959.
- Austin, G., ‘Review: Autour de Burchard de Worms: L'église allemande et les interdits de parenté (IXème-XIIème siècle) by Corbet, P.,’, in Speculum, Vol. 80, No. 3 (July, 2005), pp. 859–861.
- Austin, G., Shaping Church Law Around the Year 1000: The Decretum of Burchard of Worms (Ashgate, 2009).
- Bacharach, David S,The Histories of a Medieval German City, Worms c. 1000 – c. 1300 (Routledge, 2008).
- (in French) Corbet, Patrick, Autour de Burchard de Worms. L'Église allemande et les interdits de parenté (IXe-XIIe) (Klostermann, Francfort-sur-le-Main, 2001) ISBN 3-465-03138-5.
- Harmann, H., ‘Burchards Dekret: Stand der Forschung und offene Fragen’, in Bischof Burchard von Worms, 1000–1025, (ed.). Hartmann, W., (Quellen und Abhandlungen zur mittelrheinischen Kirchengeschichte, 100), (Mainz, 2000), pp. 161–166.
- Hartmann, Wilfried., ed., Bischof Burchard von Worms 1000–1025 (Mainz: Selbsverlag der Gesellschaft für mittelrheinische Kirchengeschichte, 2000).
- Hoffmann, H. and R. Pokorny, Das Dekret des Bischofs Burchard von Worms. Textstufen – Frühe Verbreitung – Vorlagen (Munich, 1991).
- Kynast, Birgit, Tradition und Innovation im kirchlichen Recht. Das Bußbuch im Dekret des Bischofs Burchard von Worms (Patmos, 2020).
- Schmitz, H. J., Die Bußbücher und das kanonische Bußverfahren, vol. 2 (1898; repr. Graz, 1958).
- Spargo, John Webster (July 1948). "The Etymology and Early Evolution of Brocard". Speculum. 23 (3): 472–476. JSTOR 2848433..
- Wasserschleben, Friedrich, ed. Die Bussordnungen der abendländischen Kirche (Halle, 1851, reprint Graz: Akademische Druck- und Verlagsanstalt, 1958).
External links
- Biography in the Catholic Encyclopedia
- Translation of The Life of Burchard of Worms
- Opera Omnia by Migne Patrologia Latina with analytical indexes
- Biography in the Bogoslov.ru
- Burchard's Lex Familie Wormatiensis
- Dom Hs. 119 Archived 2012-04-26 at the Wayback Machine
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