Burgenland Croatian
Burgenland Croatian | |
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gradišćanskohrvatski jezik | |
Native to | Austria, Hungary, Czech Republic, Slovakia |
Ethnicity | Burgenland Croats |
Native speakers | 19,000 (in Burgenland) 50,000–60,000 (all speakers)[1] (2001 census)[2] |
Indo-European
| |
Official status | |
Recognised minority language in | |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 | – |
Glottolog | burg1244 |
ELP | Burgenland Croatian |
IETF | ckm-AT |
Dialects of Burgenland Croats by Josip Lisac | |
Burgenland Croatian is classified as Definitely Endangered by the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger (2010) |
South Slavic languages and dialects |
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Burgenland Croatian (gradišćanskohrvatski jezik;
Smaller Croatian minorities in western Hungary, southwestern Slovakia, and southern Czech Republic are often also called Burgenland Croats. They use the Burgenland Croatian written language and are historically and culturally closely connected to the Austrian Croats. The representatives of the Burgenland Croats estimate their total number in all three countries and emigration at around 70,000.
Dialects
- Štoj dialect: dialect of the Croatian folklore group Štoji (Güttenbach, Stinatz, Neuberg), is Southern Chakavian dialect with some Western Shtokavian features[3][4]
- Vlah dialect: dialect of the "Vlahi" in Western Ikavian with influence from neighboring Burgenland dialects[4]
- Dolinci dialect: dialect of the Dolinci in Unterpullendorf, Frankenau, Kleinmutschen, etc. is a Central Chakavian dialect[3]
- Poljan dialect: dialect of the Poljanci near Lake Neusiedl, is a Central Chakavian dialect[3]
- Hati dialect: Central Chakavian dialect of Hati near Neusiedl[3]
- Grob dialect: Central Chakavian dialect,[3][5][6] or mixed Chakavian-Kajkavian dialect,[7] spoken in Chorvátsky Grob etc. in Slovakia
History
Burgenland Croatian was the language of Croatian refugees who fled Croatia during the Croatian–Ottoman wars and settled in the western part of what was then Hungary, the area where they still live. Burgenland Croats included speakers of all three dialects of the Croatian language (Shtokavian, Chakavian and Kajkavian), with the majority being the Chakavians. A part of them originally probably came from Dalmatia, and all of them mostly emigrated from the river Una valley.[3][4]
Burgenland Croats did not take part in the shaping of the present standard Croatian in the 19th century. Instead, they constructed their own written standard based mainly on the local Chakavian speech and adopted the
It is still a matter of debate whether Burgenland Croatian should be classified as a Slavic micro-language of its own. Burgenland Croatian dialects are mostly viewed as isolated dialects of the Croatian.
Burgenland Croatian and the
After the dissolution of the
Written language
Burgenland Croatian written language is based mainly on the local
The popular The Little Prince has also been translated into Burgenland Croatian (1998), specifically the Standard version by Ivan Rotter.[9]
Differences between Standard and Burgenland Croatian
Example words
English | Standard Croatian | Burgenland Croatian |
---|---|---|
black | crna | črna |
word | riječ | rič |
Jesus Christ | Isus Krist | Jezuš Kristuš |
lower | donji | dolnji |
First books written in Burgenland Croatian
This article may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. The specific problem is: provide correct titles. E.g. "Dusevne pesne" was incorrectly given as "Duševne pesne" and "Druge kniige dussevnih peszszan" as "Druge knjige duševnih pesan". (October 2020) |
The beginnings of literacy are linked to: Klimpuški misal (Klimpuški
Newspapers written in Burgenland Croatian
Newspapers of the Burgenland Croats are: Crikveni glasnik (Church Gazette), 1946; Naše selo (Our village), 1947; Naš tjednik (Our weekly), 1947; Naša domovina (Our homeland), 1952; Glas (Voice), 1957; Novi glas (New Voice), 1969; Put (Way), 1981).
Writers writing in Burgenland Croatian
Most popular Burgenland Croat writers are: J. Mulih (1694–1754), Godefrid Palković (1714–78), L. Bogović (1719–89), E. M. Kragel (1725–88), M. Laáb (cca. 1746–1823), J. Ficko (1772–1843), M. Drobilić (1808–91), T. Jordan (1815–93), G. Glavanić (1833–72), M. Naković (1840–1900), I. Mušković (1848–1930), M. Borenić (1850–1939), Ivan Čuković (1865–1944), P. Jandrišević (1879–1938), I. Blažević (1888–1946), Mate Meršić Miloradić (1850–1928), Ignac Horvat (1895–1973), Martin Meršić, A. Blazović (1921–2004), Franz Probst (1919–93), N. Benčić (b. 1938), Ivan (Lav) Sučić (b. 1938), Mathilda Bölcs (b. 1949), J. Čenar (b. 1956), P. Tyran (b. 1955) and H. Gassner (b. 1955).[8]
The Lord's prayer in Slovene, Burgenland Croatian (1830 and 2021), and Standard Croatian
Slovene | Burgenland Croatian (1830)[10] | Burgenland Croatian (2021)[citation needed] | Croatian |
---|---|---|---|
Oče naš, ki si v nebesih, |
Otacz naß, ki szi na nebeszi! |
Oče naš, ki si na nebesi, |
Oče naš, koji jesi na nebesima, |
See also
References
- ^ "Geschichte der kroatischen Volksgruppe in Österreich" [History of the Croatian ethnic group in Austria]. hrvatskicentar.at (in German). Archived from the original on 20 April 2016. Retrieved 6 October 2016.
- ^ a b "Bevölkerung 2001 nach Umgangssprache, Staatsangehörigkeit und Geburtsland" [Population 2001 by colloquial language, nationality and country of birth] (in German). Archived from the original on 6 June 2012.
- ^ ISBN 9789532121698.
- ^ ISBN 953-212-168-4
- ^ Ham, Sanda (1999). "Znali su horvacki njegova mati (Review of "Sanja Vulić, Bernardina Petrović, Govor Hrvatskoga Groba u Slovačkoj, 1999)". Filologija (in Croatian) (32): 221. Retrieved 16 February 2023.
Tako Sanja Vulić, nakon raščlambe relevantnih jezikoslovnih teorija i činjenica, govor Hrvatskoga Groba svrstava u istočnu skupinu govora kontinentalnoga poddijalekta srednjočakavskoga dijalekta čakavskoga narječja.
- . Retrieved 14 February 2023.
- ^ Zvonar, Ivan (2009). "Usmena kajkavska književnost u kritičkom izboru i obzorju časopisa Kaj". Kaj (in Croatian). 42 (209) (3): 39–40. Retrieved 14 February 2023.
- ^ a b "gradišćanski Hrvati - Hrvatska enciklopedija" [Croats from Gradišća - Croatian encyclopedia]. enciklopedija.hr (in Croatian).
- ^ Sandoz, Angie. "Antoine de St Exupery - The Little Prince / Croatian Burgenland dialect / 1998, Hrvatsko Stamparsko Drustvo, Eisenstadt". petit-prince-collection.com.
- ^ The pater-noster in Kroatisch der Raaber Diöcese, vulgo Wasserkroatisch, in: Franz Sartori, Historisch-ethnographische Übersicht der wissenschaftlichen Cultur, Geistesthätigkeit und Literatur des österreichischen Kaiserthums nach seinen mannigfaltigen Sprachen und deren Bildungsstufen. In skizzirten Umrissen bearbeitet. Erster Theil, Wien, 1830, p. 436 (digitalised):
External links
- Croatian Cultural Association in Burgenland (in English, Croatian, and German)
- Burgenland Croatian Center in Vienna (in English, Croatian, and German)
- Scientific Institute of the Burgenland Croats (in Croatian and German)
- Croatian Cultural and Documentation Center in Eisenstadt (in German)
- On Burgenland Croatian Isoglosses