Burgenland Croats
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Burgenland Croats (
Around 320,000 residents of Austria identify as of Croat heritage; 56,785 have, as sole or multiple nationality, Croatian citizenship as at 2017.[2] Between 87,000[2] and 130,000[1] of them are Burgenland Croats.
Since 1993, Croatian organizations have appointed their representatives to the Council for National Minorities of the Austrian government.
History
The to-be Burgenland Croats began to emigrate from
The first wave of emigration came in the 1530s, after the Turks destroyed almost all the settlements between the river Una and the mountain Velebit, along with the land between the river Kupa and the mountain range Kapela. The second wave came in the 1540s whereby many Croats left Slavonia. The third and last wave of emigration came in the 1750s and 1760s.
Burgenland Croats emigrated not only because of the fear of Turkish attacks, but also because they were searching for jobs and better life opportunities.[citation needed]
Specifically from Dalmatia, Croatia a smaller group went across the Adriatic Sea to the Molise region of Italy, the Molise Croats.[3]
The Burgenland Croats developed their own orthography during the
After falling under
The Croats gained minority status in the Austrian Treaty of Independence of 1955. Since then, they and their culture have undergone something of a renaissance, with the language being taught at schools and spoken in Church, wherever there is a large enough minority.[citation needed]
Language
Despite the presence of many languages in the surrounding region, the Burgenland Croats preserved their
After the dissolution of the
Newspapers of the Burgenland Croats are: Crikveni glasnik (Church Gazett), 1946; Naše selo (Our village), 1947; Naš tjednik (Our weekly), 1947; Naša domovina (Our homeland), 1952; Glas (Voice), 1957; Novi glas (New Voice), 1969; Put (Way), 1981).
The beginnings of literacy are linked to: Klimpuški misal (Klimpuški
The most popular Burgeland Croat writers are: J. Mulih (1694–1754), Godefrid Palković (1714–78), L. Bogović (1719–89), E. M. Kragel (1725–88), M. Laáb (cca. 1746–1823), J. Ficko (1772–1843), M. Drobilić (1808–91), T. Jordan (1815–93), G. Glavanić (1833–72), M. Naković (1840–1900), I. Mušković (1848–1930), M. Borenić (1850–1939), Ivan Čuković (1865–1944), P. Jandrišević (1879–1938), I. Blažević (1888–1946), Mate Meršić Miloradić (1850–1928), Ignac Horvat (1895–1973), Martin Meršić, A. Blazović (1921–2004), Franz Probst (1919–93), N. Benčić (b. 1938), Ivan (Lav) Sučić (b. 1938), Mathilda Bölcs (b. 1949), J. Čenar (b. 1956), P. Tyran (b. 1955) and H. Gassner (b. 1955).[1]
The first book about the history of Burgenland literature, Naši pisci i književnost (Our writers and literature), was written by F. Sedenik in 1912.
Organisations
- Hrvatsko kulturno društvo u Gradišću (Croatian Culture Association in Burgenland), 1929
- Hrvatsko gradišćansko kulturno društvo u Beču (Burgenland Croatian Culture Association in Vienna), 1934
- Hrvatsko nakladno društvo (Croatian Publishers Association), 1947-since 1960 Hrvatsko štamparsko društvo (Croatian Press Association)
- Hrvatski akademski klub u Beču (Croatian Academic Club in Vienna), 1948
- Komitet za prava gradišćanskih Hrvata (Committee on the Rights of the Burgenland Croats), 1972
In 1960, Diocese Eisenstadt (Željezno) was founded.
Settlements
By the name and dialect there are these different groups of Burgeland Croats:
- Štoji- settled in the far south of Burgenland in villages: Pinkovac (Güttenbach), Nova Gora (Neuberg) and Stinjaki (Stinatz), is a Southern Chakavian dialect
- Western Ikavian (Šćakavian]) dialect with some similarities to Slavonian
- Dolinci- settled north of Vlahi and south of Poljanci. Their villages are: Bajngrob (Weingraben), Kalištrof (Kaisersdorf), Dolnja Pula (Unterpullendorf), Frakanava (Frankenau), Šuševo (Nebersdorf), Filež (Nikitsch), Gerištof (Kroatisch Geresdorf), Mučindrof (Großmutschen), Pervane (Kleinmutschen), Veliki Borištof (Großwarasdorf), Mali Borištof (Kleinwarasdorf), Longitolj (Langenthal) and Mjenovo (Kroatisch Minihof), is a Central Chakavian dialect
- ), is a Central Chakavian dialect
- Haci- settled northeast of Lake Neusiedl. Their villages are: Pandrof (Parndorf), Novo Selo (Neudorf bei Parndorf) and Bijelo Selo (Pama), is a Central Chakavian dialect
- Grob dialect: a Central Chakavian or mixed Chakavian-Kajkavian dialect, spoken in Chorvátsky Grob etc. in Slovakia
Hungary and Slovakia
Some Burgenland Croats live in Slovakia (Hrvatski Grob (
Culture
Tamburica is a part of Burgenland Croats' cultural identity.[4] Around 40 tamburica orchestras were active among them.[4] Orchestra "Tamburica Štikapron" was established in 1961.[4]
Burgenland Croats' Folklore ensemble Kolo Slavuj (Folklorni ansambl gradišćanskih Hrvatov Kolo Slavuj) is known for choreographes of the Burgenland Croats folklore, created in collaboration with Ivan Ivančan (hr).[5]
Sport
Croatian Cultural Association in Burgenland organizes annual Croatian Football Cup [hr] since 1989.[6] There are few football clubs formed of Burgenland Croats: SV Nova Gora (from Neuberg), ASK Pajngrt, SC Filež (Nikitsch), ASKÖ Klimpuh (Klingenbach), ASKÖ Stinjaki (Stinatz), SC/ESV Pandrof (Pandorf), ASV Rasporak (Draßburg), SV Otava (Antau), SK Mali Borištof (Kleinwarasdorf) and ASV Cindrof (Siegendorf).[6]
See also
- Croats
- List of Croats
- Austria–Croatia relations
- Austrians of Croatia
- Carinthian Slovenes
- Bosnian Austrians
- Burgenland
- Croats in Slovakia
- Croats in the Czech Republic
References
- ^ a b c d "gradišćanski Hrvati | Hrvatska enciklopedija". Enciklopedija.hr. Retrieved 2017-03-10.
- ^ a b Fer Projekt, Put Murvice 14, Zadar, Hrvatska, +385 98 212 96 00, www.fer-projekt.com. "Hrvatska manjina u Republici Austriji". Hrvatiizvanrh.hr. Archived from the original on 2017-03-15. Retrieved 2017-03-10.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ISBN 978-1-85359-131-0.
Croatian in three villages in the Molise region stems from settlement there by Slavs during the later Middle Ages (Ucchino, 1957).
- ^ a b c Lukić, Sani (11 November 2023). "Gradišćanski Hrvati obilježili 100 godina tamburice" [Burgenland Croats celebrated 100 years of tamburica]. vijesti.hrt.hr (in Croatian). Croatian Radiotelevision. Retrieved 20 November 2023.
- ^ Grandić, Tereza (26 November 2023). "Slavuj Kolo napunio Volkstheater". Hrvatske novine (in Croatian). Retrieved 28 November 2023.
- ^ a b "ASV Rasporak po prvi put dobitnik Hrvatskoga nogometnoga kupa". hrvatskenovine.at (in Croatian). Hrvatske novine. 6 June 2013. Retrieved 17 October 2023.
Sources
- "Povijest Gradišćanskih Hrvata do kraja 20. stoljeća" [History of Burgenland Croats until the end of the 20th century] (PDF). zigh.at (in Croatian). ZIGH.