Burgundian Circle
Burgundian Circle Burgundischer Kreis | ||
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1512–1797 | ||
Seven United Provinces | 1648 | |
• Disestablished | 1797 | |
Today part of |
The Burgundian Circle (
The circle's territorial scope was reduced considerably in the 17th century with the secession of the
Composition
After the 1548 Diet of Augsburg, the circle was made up of the following territories:
Seventeen Provinces
- the Margraviate of Antwerp.
- the County of Artois, ceded by France in 1493, annexed by France in 1659.
- the Duchy of Brabant.
- the County of Flanders.
- the Lordship of Frisia, which seceded to form part of the United Provinces from 1579.
- the City of Groningen, which joined the United Provinces in 1594.
- the Duchy of Guelders, which, with the exception of Upper Guelders, seceded to form part of the United Provinces from 1579.
- the County of Hainaut.
- the County of Holland, which seceded to form part of the United Provinces from 1579.
- the Duchy of Limburg, held by the Dukes of Brabant.
- the Duchy of Luxembourg.
- the Lordship of Mechelen, a personal lordship of the Duke of Burgundy.
- the County of Namur.
- the Lordship of Overijssel, including the County of Drenthe, which seceded to form part of the United Provinces from 1579.
- the Prince-Bishopric, later Lordship of Utrecht, which seceded to form part of the United Provinces from 1579.
- the County of Zeeland, held by the Counts of Holland; seceded to form part of the United Provinces from 1579.
- the County of Zutphen, held by the Dukes of Guelders; seceded merging with the States of the Guelders from 1579.
County of Burgundy
- the Free County of Burgundy and
- the Imperial City of Besançon
both annexed by France according to the 1678 Treaty of Nijmegen. The
History
The Imperial
.In 1363, the French King
The
Maximilian's grandson and successor, Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor eventually won the Guelders Wars and united all seventeen provinces under his rule, the last one being the Duchy of Guelders in 1543. The Burgundian treaty of 1548 shifted the seventeen provinces from the Lower Rhenish–Westphalian Circle to the Burgundian circle, resulting in a significant territorial gain for the latter and increased tax obligation. The Pragmatic Sanction of 1549 determined that the Provinces should remain united in the future and inherited by the same monarch. After Charles V's abdication in 1556, his realms became divided between his son, King Philip II of Spain, and his brother, Emperor Ferdinand I. The Seventeen Provinces went to his son Philip. Meanwhile, a common political representation was established through the States General of the Netherlands.
Conflicts between Philip II and his Dutch subjects led to the Eighty Years' War, which started in 1568. The seven northern provinces gained their independence as a republic called the Seven United Provinces. They were:
- the Lordship of Groningen and of the Ommelanden
- the Lordship of Friesland
- the Lordship of Overijssel
- the Duchy of Guelders (except its upper quarter) and the county of Zutphen
- the lordship of Utrecht
- the county of Holland
- the county of Zeeland
The southern provinces – Flanders, Brabant, Namur, Hainaut, Luxembourg and so forth – were restored to Spanish rule thanks to the military and political talent of the
The northern Seven United Provinces kept parts of Limburg, Brabant and Flanders during and after the
Artois, and parts of Flanders and Hainaut were ceded to France in the treaties of the Pyrenees and Nijmegen in the course of the 17th century.
See also
- Seventeen Provinces
- Burgundian Netherlands
- Governors of the Habsburg Netherlands
- History of Burgundy
- Kingdom of Burgundy
- Middle Francia
- Spanish Road
- Blue Banana